The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the United States' civil space program, as well as research in aeronautics and space. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., NASA operates ten field centers across the US and is organized into three mission directorates: Human Spaceflight, Research and Technology, and Science. Established in 1958 amid the Space Race, NASA succeeded the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) to give the US space program a distinct civilian orientation focused on peaceful applications. Since then, it has led most American spaceflight programs, including Project Mercury, Project Gemini, the Apollo program, Skylab, the Space Shuttle, the International Space Station (ISS), and the ongoing multi-national Artemis program.
","normalizedtitle":"NASA"},{"type":"standard","title":"Pioneer_10","displaytitle":"Pioneer 10","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q59103","titles":{"canonical":"Pioneer_10","normalized":"Pioneer 10","display":"Pioneer 10"},"pageid":38198,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/An_artist%27s_impression_of_a_Pioneer_spacecraft_on_its_way_to_interstellar_space.jpg/330px-An_artist%27s_impression_of_a_Pioneer_spacecraft_on_its_way_to_interstellar_space.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":272},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/An_artist%27s_impression_of_a_Pioneer_spacecraft_on_its_way_to_interstellar_space.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3000,"height":2477},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374278993","tid":"a4565e4f-ad78-11f1-bc7f-6e5351e85341","timestamp":"2026-09-11T00:35:09Z","description":"First spacecraft to visit Jupiter and the outer Solar System (1972–2003)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pioneer_10"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Pioneer_10","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pioneer_10"}},"extract":"Pioneer 10 is a NASA space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter. It was the first spacecraft to traverse the asteroid belt and the first of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System. The mission was managed by NASA Ames Research Center in California, and the spacecraft was built by TRW Inc.","extract_html":"Pioneer 10 is a NASA space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter. It was the first spacecraft to traverse the asteroid belt and the first of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System. The mission was managed by NASA Ames Research Center in California, and the spacecraft was built by TRW Inc.
","normalizedtitle":"Pioneer 10"}],"year":2003},{"text":"American journalist Daniel Pearl was kidnapped and later murdered by al-Qaeda agents in Karachi, Pakistan.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Daniel_Pearl","displaytitle":"Daniel Pearl","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q357936","titles":{"canonical":"Daniel_Pearl","normalized":"Daniel Pearl","display":"Daniel Pearl"},"pageid":202851,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/01/Daniel_pearl_highres.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":258,"height":387},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/01/Daniel_pearl_highres.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":258,"height":387},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372557107","tid":"0f13d53a-a5ce-11f1-892b-06c68c0bab8c","timestamp":"2026-09-01T06:26:26Z","description":"American journalist beheaded by militants in Pakistan (1963–2002)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pearl","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pearl?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pearl?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Daniel_Pearl"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pearl","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Daniel_Pearl","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pearl?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Daniel_Pearl"}},"extract":"Daniel Pearl was an American journalist who worked for The Wall Street Journal. On January 23, 2002, he was kidnapped by jihadist militants while he was on his way to what he had expected would be an interview with Pakistani Islamic scholar Mubarak Ali Gilani in Karachi, Pakistan. Pearl had moved to Mumbai, India, upon taking up a regional posting by his newspaper and later entered Pakistan to cover the war on terror, which was launched by the United States in response to the September 11 attacks in 2001. At the time of his abduction, he had been investigating the alleged links between British citizen Richard Reid and Al-Qaeda; Reid had reportedly completed his training at a facility owned by Gilani, who had been accused by the United States of being affiliated with the Pakistani terrorist organization Jamaat ul-Fuqra.","extract_html":"Daniel Pearl was an American journalist who worked for The Wall Street Journal. On January 23, 2002, he was kidnapped by jihadist militants while he was on his way to what he had expected would be an interview with Pakistani Islamic scholar Mubarak Ali Gilani in Karachi, Pakistan. Pearl had moved to Mumbai, India, upon taking up a regional posting by his newspaper and later entered Pakistan to cover the war on terror, which was launched by the United States in response to the September 11 attacks in 2001. At the time of his abduction, he had been investigating the alleged links between British citizen Richard Reid and Al-Qaeda; Reid had reportedly completed his training at a facility owned by Gilani, who had been accused by the United States of being affiliated with the Pakistani terrorist organization Jamaat ul-Fuqra.
","normalizedtitle":"Daniel Pearl"},{"type":"standard","title":"Al-Qaeda","displaytitle":"al-Qaeda","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q34490","titles":{"canonical":"Al-Qaeda","normalized":"Al-Qaeda","display":"al-Qaeda"},"pageid":1921,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/330px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":165},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1000,"height":500},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374366520","tid":"5a15c216-adfa-11f1-a838-5ad4c7b783ca","timestamp":"2026-09-11T16:03:39Z","description":"Pan-Islamist militant organization","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Al-Qaeda"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Al-Qaeda","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Al-Qaeda"}},"extract":"al-Qaeda is a pan-Islamist militant organization led by Sunni Islamist jihadists who self-identify as a vanguard spearheading a global Islamist revolution to unite the Muslim world under a supra-national Islamic caliphate. Its membership is primarily composed of Arabs, with additional representation from other ethnic groups. Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian and military targets of the U.S. and its allies; such as the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings, the USS Cole bombing, and the September 11 attacks. It has been designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations and over two dozen countries around the world.","extract_html":"al-Qaeda is a pan-Islamist militant organization led by Sunni Islamist jihadists who self-identify as a vanguard spearheading a global Islamist revolution to unite the Muslim world under a supra-national Islamic caliphate. Its membership is primarily composed of Arabs, with additional representation from other ethnic groups. Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian and military targets of the U.S. and its allies; such as the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings, the USS Cole bombing, and the September 11 attacks. It has been designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations and over two dozen countries around the world.
","normalizedtitle":"Al-Qaeda"},{"type":"standard","title":"Karachi","displaytitle":"Karachi","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q8660","titles":{"canonical":"Karachi","normalized":"Karachi","display":"Karachi"},"pageid":17123,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Jinnah_Mausoleum_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Jinnah_Mausoleum_%28cropped%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":190},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Jinnah_Mausoleum_%28cropped%29.JPG/3840px-Jinnah_Mausoleum_%28cropped%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4000,"height":2300},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374266154","tid":"8930212b-ad69-11f1-9df2-a160dcd963fd","timestamp":"2026-09-10T22:47:01Z","description":"Capital of Sindh, Pakistan","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":24.86,"lon":67.01},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Karachi"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Karachi","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Karachi"}},"extract":"Karachi is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Sindh. It is the largest city in Pakistan and the 11th largest in the world, with a population of over 20 million. Situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast, Karachi formerly served as the federal capital from 1947 to 1959. Ranked as a beta-global city, it is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre, with an estimated GDP of over $200 billion (PPP) as of 2021. Karachi is a major metropolitan area and is considered Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city, and among the country's most linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse regions, as well as one of the country's most progressive and socially liberal cities.","extract_html":"Karachi is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Sindh. It is the largest city in Pakistan and the 11th largest in the world, with a population of over 20 million. Situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast, Karachi formerly served as the federal capital from 1947 to 1959. Ranked as a beta-global city, it is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre, with an estimated GDP of over $200 billion (PPP) as of 2021. Karachi is a major metropolitan area and is considered Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city, and among the country's most linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse regions, as well as one of the country's most progressive and socially liberal cities.
","normalizedtitle":"Karachi"}],"year":2002},{"text":"Five people attempted to set themselves on fire in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, an act that many later claimed to have been staged by the Chinese Communist Party to frame Falun Gong and thus escalate their persecution.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident","displaytitle":"2001 Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2659241","titles":{"canonical":"2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident","normalized":"2001 Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident","display":"2001 Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident"},"pageid":6152882,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370713267","tid":"368dd6bf-9e51-11f1-88fe-fa349ff8badf","timestamp":"2026-08-22T17:45:07Z","description":"Incident in Beijing, China","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident"}},"extract":"Five people set themselves on fire in Tiananmen Square in central Beijing, on the eve of Chinese New Year on 23 January 2001. There is controversy over the incident; Chinese government sources say that five members of Falun Gong, a religious movement banned in mainland China, set themselves on fire in the square. Falun Gong sources disputed the accuracy of these portrayals, and claimed that their teachings explicitly forbid violence or suicide. Some journalists have claimed the self-immolations were staged.","extract_html":"Five people set themselves on fire in Tiananmen Square in central Beijing, on the eve of Chinese New Year on 23 January 2001. There is controversy over the incident; Chinese government sources say that five members of Falun Gong, a religious movement banned in mainland China, set themselves on fire in the square. Falun Gong sources disputed the accuracy of these portrayals, and claimed that their teachings explicitly forbid violence or suicide. Some journalists have claimed the self-immolations were staged.
","normalizedtitle":"2001 Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident"},{"type":"standard","title":"Tiananmen_Square","displaytitle":"Tiananmen Square","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q164055","titles":{"canonical":"Tiananmen_Square","normalized":"Tiananmen Square","display":"Tiananmen Square"},"pageid":21193952,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tiananmen_Square_%2854137047250%29.jpg/330px-Tiananmen_Square_%2854137047250%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":207},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Tiananmen_Square_%2854137047250%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2560,"height":1607},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371276632","tid":"6cc09326-a09f-11f1-8832-eba5c3da9866","timestamp":"2026-08-25T16:10:01Z","description":"Public square in Beijing, China","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":39.90333333,"lon":116.39166667},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tiananmen_Square"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tiananmen_Square","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tiananmen_Square"}},"extract":"Tiananmen Square or Tian'anmen Square is a city square in the city centre of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen located to its north, which separates it from the Forbidden City imperial palace complex. The square holds the Monument to the People's Heroes, the Great Hall of the People, the National Museum of China, and the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. They were inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2024 as a part of the Beijing Central Axis.","extract_html":"Tiananmen Square or Tian'anmen Square is a city square in the city centre of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen located to its north, which separates it from the Forbidden City imperial palace complex. The square holds the Monument to the People's Heroes, the Great Hall of the People, the National Museum of China, and the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. They were inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2024 as a part of the Beijing Central Axis.
","normalizedtitle":"Tiananmen Square"},{"type":"standard","title":"Chinese_Communist_Party","displaytitle":"Chinese Communist Party","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q17427","titles":{"canonical":"Chinese_Communist_Party","normalized":"Chinese Communist Party","display":"Chinese Communist Party"},"pageid":7175,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/330px-Danghui.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/330px-Danghui.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":320,"height":320},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374349428","tid":"50815da5-ade4-11f1-a715-693a677a8b88","timestamp":"2026-09-11T13:25:54Z","description":"Governing party of the People's Republic of China","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Chinese_Communist_Party"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Chinese_Communist_Party","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Chinese_Communist_Party"}},"extract":"The Communist Party of China (CPC), commonly known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP won the Chinese Civil War against the Kuomintang and proclaimed the establishment of the PRC under the chairmanship of Mao Zedong in October 1949. The CCP has since governed China and has had sole control over the country's armed forces and law enforcement. As of 2025, the CCP has more than 101 million members, making it the second largest political party by membership in the world.","extract_html":"The Communist Party of China (CPC), commonly known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP won the Chinese Civil War against the Kuomintang and proclaimed the establishment of the PRC under the chairmanship of Mao Zedong in October 1949. The CCP has since governed China and has had sole control over the country's armed forces and law enforcement. As of 2025, the CCP has more than 101 million members, making it the second largest political party by membership in the world.
","normalizedtitle":"Chinese Communist Party"},{"type":"standard","title":"Falun_Gong","displaytitle":"Falun Gong","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q185802","titles":{"canonical":"Falun_Gong","normalized":"Falun Gong","display":"Falun Gong"},"pageid":55174,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Falun_Gong_emblem.svg/330px-Falun_Gong_emblem.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Falun_Gong_emblem.svg/500px-Falun_Gong_emblem.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":443,"height":443},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374347916","tid":"537b4e14-ade2-11f1-b9c3-0545dd3ab101","timestamp":"2026-09-11T13:11:40Z","description":"New religious movement from China","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Falun_Gong"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Falun_Gong","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Falun_Gong"}},"extract":"Falun Gong, also called Falun Dafa, is a new religious movement founded by Li Hongzhi in China in the early 1990s. The movement was built on interest in qigong with additional religious and moralistic dimensions, and includes claims that its practices can cure illness, including serious or terminal illnesses, without modern medicine. It gained popularity in part through its health claims and practitioners' beliefs in their effectiveness. Falun Gong has its global headquarters in Dragon Springs, a 173-hectare (427-acre) compound in Deerpark, New York, United States, near the residence of Li.","extract_html":"Falun Gong, also called Falun Dafa, is a new religious movement founded by Li Hongzhi in China in the early 1990s. The movement was built on interest in qigong with additional religious and moralistic dimensions, and includes claims that its practices can cure illness, including serious or terminal illnesses, without modern medicine. It gained popularity in part through its health claims and practitioners' beliefs in their effectiveness. Falun Gong has its global headquarters in Dragon Springs, a 173-hectare (427-acre) compound in Deerpark, New York, United States, near the residence of Li.
","normalizedtitle":"Falun Gong"},{"type":"standard","title":"Persecution_of_Falun_Gong","displaytitle":"Persecution of Falun Gong","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3110177","titles":{"canonical":"Persecution_of_Falun_Gong","normalized":"Persecution of Falun Gong","display":"Persecution of Falun Gong"},"pageid":23789917,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Speaker_at_Washington_DC._STOP_the_Persecution_of_Falun_Gong.jpg/330px-Speaker_at_Washington_DC._STOP_the_Persecution_of_Falun_Gong.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":213},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Speaker_at_Washington_DC._STOP_the_Persecution_of_Falun_Gong.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":864,"height":557},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372866600","tid":"15ea39c6-a6f7-11f1-bdbd-d1e54cc2044b","timestamp":"2026-09-02T17:52:38Z","description":"","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Persecution_of_Falun_Gong"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Persecution_of_Falun_Gong"}},"extract":"In 1999, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) initiated an ongoing campaign to eliminate the new religious movement Falun Gong in China, maintaining a doctrine of state atheism. It is characterized by a multifaceted propaganda campaign, a program of enforced ideological conversion and re-education and reportedly a variety of extralegal coercive measures such as arbitrary arrests, forced labor and physical torture, sometimes resulting in death.","extract_html":"In 1999, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) initiated an ongoing campaign to eliminate the new religious movement Falun Gong in China, maintaining a doctrine of state atheism. It is characterized by a multifaceted propaganda campaign, a program of enforced ideological conversion and re-education and reportedly a variety of extralegal coercive measures such as arbitrary arrests, forced labor and physical torture, sometimes resulting in death.
","normalizedtitle":"Persecution of Falun Gong"}],"year":2001},{"text":"Madeleine Albright was sworn in as the first female United States Secretary of State, becoming the highest-ranking woman in the history of the U.S. government at that time.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Madeleine_Albright","displaytitle":"Madeleine Albright","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q174438","titles":{"canonical":"Madeleine_Albright","normalized":"Madeleine Albright","display":"Madeleine Albright"},"pageid":133249,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Secalbright.jpg/330px-Secalbright.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":369},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Secalbright.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1368,"height":1528},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373374361","tid":"9acd8eef-a94b-11f1-86ed-ad7ca4953699","timestamp":"2026-09-05T17:02:41Z","description":"American diplomat and political scientist (1937–2022)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Albright","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Albright?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Albright?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Madeleine_Albright"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Albright","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Madeleine_Albright","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Albright?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Madeleine_Albright"}},"extract":"Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright was an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the 64th United States secretary of state under President Bill Clinton from 1997 to 2001. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman to hold the position.","extract_html":"Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright was an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the 64th United States secretary of state under President Bill Clinton from 1997 to 2001. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman to hold the position.
","normalizedtitle":"Madeleine Albright"},{"type":"standard","title":"United_States_Secretary_of_State","displaytitle":"United States Secretary of State","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q14213","titles":{"canonical":"United_States_Secretary_of_State","normalized":"United States Secretary of State","display":"United States Secretary of State"},"pageid":32293,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/330px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/960px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":890,"height":890},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373816862","tid":"607116d8-ab30-11f1-888a-69d0b1a81cdb","timestamp":"2026-09-08T02:52:49Z","description":"Head of the US Department of State","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:United_States_Secretary_of_State"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/United_States_Secretary_of_State","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:United_States_Secretary_of_State"}},"extract":"The United States secretary of state (SecState) is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State, equivalent to a minister of foreign affairs.","extract_html":"The United States secretary of state (SecState) is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State, equivalent to a minister of foreign affairs.
","normalizedtitle":"United States Secretary of State"}],"year":1997},{"text":"The first version of Mosaic, created by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina, was released, becoming the first popular web browser.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"NCSA_Mosaic","displaytitle":"NCSA Mosaic","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q381047","titles":{"canonical":"NCSA_Mosaic","normalized":"NCSA Mosaic","display":"NCSA Mosaic"},"pageid":43303,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/NCSA_Mosaic_Browser_Screenshot.png/330px-NCSA_Mosaic_Browser_Screenshot.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":286},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/NCSA_Mosaic_Browser_Screenshot.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":772,"height":668},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365399091","tid":"73c9245a-8582-11f1-9fb8-fa9a1bf4fbe6","timestamp":"2026-07-22T04:04:36Z","description":"Early web browser (1993–1997)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCSA_Mosaic","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCSA_Mosaic?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCSA_Mosaic?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:NCSA_Mosaic"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCSA_Mosaic","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/NCSA_Mosaic","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCSA_Mosaic?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:NCSA_Mosaic"}},"extract":"NCSA Mosaic, colloquially Mosaic, is a discontinued web browser that was instrumental in popularizing the World Wide Web and the general Internet during the 1990s. Although not the first web browser, it was the first browser to display images inline with text instead of a separate window.","extract_html":"NCSA Mosaic, colloquially Mosaic, is a discontinued web browser that was instrumental in popularizing the World Wide Web and the general Internet during the 1990s. Although not the first web browser, it was the first browser to display images inline with text instead of a separate window.
","normalizedtitle":"NCSA Mosaic"},{"type":"standard","title":"Marc_Andreessen","displaytitle":"Marc Andreessen","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q62882","titles":{"canonical":"Marc_Andreessen","normalized":"Marc Andreessen","display":"Marc Andreessen"},"pageid":331986,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Marc_Andreessen-9_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Marc_Andreessen-9_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":421},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Marc_Andreessen-9_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":842,"height":1073},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372849248","tid":"a0766c22-a6e6-11f1-bcdf-3ab29d55872c","timestamp":"2026-09-02T15:54:49Z","description":"American businessman (born 1971)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marc_Andreessen"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Marc_Andreessen","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Andreessen?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marc_Andreessen"}},"extract":"Marc Lowell Andreessen is an American businessman, venture capitalist, and former software engineer. He is the co-author of Mosaic, the first web browser to display inline images; co-founder of Netscape; and co-founder and general partner of Silicon Valley venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.","extract_html":"Marc Lowell Andreessen is an American businessman, venture capitalist, and former software engineer. He is the co-author of Mosaic, the first web browser to display inline images; co-founder of Netscape; and co-founder and general partner of Silicon Valley venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.
","normalizedtitle":"Marc Andreessen"},{"type":"standard","title":"Eric_Bina","displaytitle":"Eric Bina","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q92859","titles":{"canonical":"Eric_Bina","normalized":"Eric Bina","display":"Eric Bina"},"pageid":2023093,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365633527","tid":"d1a35dec-86a7-11f1-b632-76298d38fa85","timestamp":"2026-07-23T15:04:36Z","description":"American computer programmer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Bina","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Bina?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Bina?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Eric_Bina"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Bina","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Eric_Bina","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Bina?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Eric_Bina"}},"extract":"Eric J. Bina is an American software programmer who is the co-creator of Mosaic and the co-founder of Netscape. In 1993, Bina along with Marc Andreessen authored the first version of Mosaic while working as a programmer at National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.","extract_html":"Eric J. Bina is an American software programmer who is the co-creator of Mosaic and the co-founder of Netscape. In 1993, Bina along with Marc Andreessen authored the first version of Mosaic while working as a programmer at National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
","normalizedtitle":"Eric Bina"},{"type":"standard","title":"Web_browser","displaytitle":"Web browser","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q6368","titles":{"canonical":"Web_browser","normalized":"Web browser","display":"Web browser"},"pageid":33173,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Safari_15.png/330px-Safari_15.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":216},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Safari_15.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3078,"height":2012},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369875331","tid":"e5ef359a-9a6c-11f1-bcd7-c953af2ca566","timestamp":"2026-08-17T18:53:13Z","description":"Software used to access websites","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Web_browser"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Web_browser","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Web_browser"}},"extract":"A web browser, often abbreviated as browser, is an application for accessing websites. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on the user's screen. Browsers can also display content stored locally on the user's device.","extract_html":"A web browser, often abbreviated as browser, is an application for accessing websites. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the browser retrieves its files from a web server and then displays the page on the user's screen. Browsers can also display content stored locally on the user's device.
","normalizedtitle":"Web browser"}],"year":1993},{"text":"USS Pueblo was seized by North Korean forces, who claimed that it had violated their territorial waters while spying.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)","displaytitle":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q712703","titles":{"canonical":"USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)","normalized":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2)","display":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2)"},"pageid":415946,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pueblo-at-Pyongyang-Museum-2014.jpg/330px-Pueblo-at-Pyongyang-Museum-2014.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pueblo-at-Pyongyang-Museum-2014.jpg/3840px-Pueblo-at-Pyongyang-Museum-2014.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4608,"height":3456},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370752087","tid":"1e7d7c25-9e78-11f1-be91-cf35be48eaa5","timestamp":"2026-08-22T22:23:37Z","description":"Ship attacked and captured by North Korea","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":39.04055556,"lon":125.73972222},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)"}},"extract":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2) is a Banner-class technical research ship, placed into service during World War II, then converted to a spy ship in 1967 by the United States Navy. She gathered intelligence and oceanographic information, monitoring electronic and radio signals from North Korea. On 23 January 1968, the ship was attacked and captured by a North Korean vessel, in what became known as the \"Pueblo incident\".","extract_html":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2) is a Banner-class technical research ship, placed into service during World War II, then converted to a spy ship in 1967 by the United States Navy. She gathered intelligence and oceanographic information, monitoring electronic and radio signals from North Korea. On 23 January 1968, the ship was attacked and captured by a North Korean vessel, in what became known as the \"Pueblo incident\".
","normalizedtitle":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2)"},{"type":"standard","title":"Korean_People's_Army","displaytitle":"Korean People's Army","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q240670","titles":{"canonical":"Korean_People's_Army","normalized":"Korean People's Army","display":"Korean People's Army"},"pageid":21263,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Emblem_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Army_%282023%29.svg/330px-Emblem_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Army_%282023%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Emblem_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Army_%282023%29.svg/960px-Emblem_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Army_%282023%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":520,"height":520},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374025954","tid":"491e51d5-ac3a-11f1-aeb1-dc994b5e44e4","timestamp":"2026-09-09T10:36:16Z","description":"Combined military forces of North Korea","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People's_Army","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People's_Army?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People's_Army?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Korean_People's_Army"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People's_Army","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Korean_People's_Army","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People's_Army?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Korean_People's_Army"}},"extract":"The Korean People's Army encompasses the combined military forces of North Korea and the armed wing of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). The KPA consists of five branches: the Ground Force, the Naval Force, the Air Force, the Strategic Force, and the Special Operations Forces. It is commanded by the WPK Central Military Commission, which is chaired by the WPK general secretary, and the president of the State Affairs; both posts are currently headed by Kim Jong Un.","extract_html":"The Korean People's Army encompasses the combined military forces of North Korea and the armed wing of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK). The KPA consists of five branches: the Ground Force, the Naval Force, the Air Force, the Strategic Force, and the Special Operations Forces. It is commanded by the WPK Central Military Commission, which is chaired by the WPK general secretary, and the president of the State Affairs; both posts are currently headed by Kim Jong Un.
","normalizedtitle":"Korean People's Army"},{"type":"standard","title":"Territorial_waters","displaytitle":"Territorial waters","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q213204","titles":{"canonical":"Territorial_waters","normalized":"Territorial waters","display":"Territorial waters"},"pageid":496983,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Maritime_Zones_under_International_Law.png/330px-Maritime_Zones_under_International_Law.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":157},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Maritime_Zones_under_International_Law.png/3840px-Maritime_Zones_under_International_Law.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":17500,"height":8333},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372099430","tid":"c2ee56f4-a44e-11f1-8f19-1a9f0504c511","timestamp":"2026-08-30T08:42:41Z","description":"Coastal waters that are part of a sovereign state's sovereign territory","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_waters","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_waters?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_waters?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Territorial_waters"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_waters","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Territorial_waters","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_waters?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Territorial_waters"}},"extract":"Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf. In a narrower sense, the term is often used as a synonym for the territorial sea.","extract_html":"Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf. In a narrower sense, the term is often used as a synonym for the territorial sea.
","normalizedtitle":"Territorial waters"}],"year":1968},{"text":"American inventor Fred Morrison sold the rights to his \"flying disc\" to the Wham-O toy company, who later renamed it the \"Frisbee\"","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Walter_Frederick_Morrison","displaytitle":"Walter Frederick Morrison","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q522207","titles":{"canonical":"Walter_Frederick_Morrison","normalized":"Walter Frederick Morrison","display":"Walter Frederick Morrison"},"pageid":3078436,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Walter_Frederick_Morrison.jpg/330px-Walter_Frederick_Morrison.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":264},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Walter_Frederick_Morrison.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1263,"height":1010},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1340370664","tid":"c6e4b799-122a-11f1-99fa-d80f69c84df8","timestamp":"2026-02-25T09:17:16Z","description":"American inventor (1920-2010)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Walter_Frederick_Morrison"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Walter_Frederick_Morrison","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Walter_Frederick_Morrison"}},"extract":"Walter Frederick Morrison was an American inventor and entrepreneur, who invented the Frisbee.","extract_html":"Walter Frederick Morrison was an American inventor and entrepreneur, who invented the Frisbee.
","normalizedtitle":"Walter Frederick Morrison"},{"type":"standard","title":"Wham-O","displaytitle":"Wham-O","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1929348","titles":{"canonical":"Wham-O","normalized":"Wham-O","display":"Wham-O"},"pageid":314931,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Wham-O_Logo.png/330px-Wham-O_Logo.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":164},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Wham-O_Logo.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1424,"height":706},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373217024","tid":"2d096197-a882-11f1-b5b3-c6a51c6a940f","timestamp":"2026-09-04T17:00:48Z","description":"American toy company","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wham-O","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wham-O?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wham-O?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wham-O"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wham-O","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Wham-O","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wham-O?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wham-O"}},"extract":"Wham-O Inc. is an American toy company based in Carson, California, United States. It is known for creating and marketing many popular toys for nearly 70 years, including the Hula hoop, Frisbee, Slip 'N Slide, Super Ball, Trac-Ball, Silly String, Hacky Sack, Wham-O Bird Ornithopter, and Boogie Board, many of which have become genericized trademarks.","extract_html":"Wham-O Inc. is an American toy company based in Carson, California, United States. It is known for creating and marketing many popular toys for nearly 70 years, including the Hula hoop, Frisbee, Slip 'N Slide, Super Ball, Trac-Ball, Silly String, Hacky Sack, Wham-O Bird Ornithopter, and Boogie Board, many of which have become genericized trademarks.
","normalizedtitle":"Wham-O"},{"type":"standard","title":"Frisbee","displaytitle":"Frisbee","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q131689","titles":{"canonical":"Frisbee","normalized":"Frisbee","display":"Frisbee"},"pageid":10687,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Frisbee_090719.jpg/330px-Frisbee_090719.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Frisbee_090719.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1024,"height":768},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374050587","tid":"d5d907fc-ac5a-11f1-9a18-d60a36c148c4","timestamp":"2026-09-09T14:29:16Z","description":"Throwing toy","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frisbee"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Frisbee","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frisbee"}},"extract":"A frisbee, also called a flying disc or simply a disc, is a gliding toy or sporting item generally made of injection-molded plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimetres in diameter with a pronounced lip. It is used recreationally and competitively for throwing and catching, as in flying disc games. The shape of the disc is an airfoil in cross-section which allows it to fly by reducing the drag and increasing lift as it moves through the air, compared to a flat plate. Spinning the disc imparts a stabilizing gyroscopic force, allowing it to be both aimed with accuracy and thrown for distance.","extract_html":"A frisbee, also called a flying disc or simply a disc, is a gliding toy or sporting item generally made of injection-molded plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimetres in diameter with a pronounced lip. It is used recreationally and competitively for throwing and catching, as in flying disc games. The shape of the disc is an airfoil in cross-section which allows it to fly by reducing the drag and increasing lift as it moves through the air, compared to a flat plate. Spinning the disc imparts a stabilizing gyroscopic force, allowing it to be both aimed with accuracy and thrown for distance.
","normalizedtitle":"Frisbee"}],"year":1957},{"text":"World War II: Japan began an invasion of the island of New Britain in the Australian Territory of New Guinea.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"World_War_II","displaytitle":"World War II","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q362","titles":{"canonical":"World_War_II","normalized":"World War II","display":"World War II"},"pageid":32927,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-646-5188-17%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_87.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-646-5188-17%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_87.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":225},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-646-5188-17%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_87.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":798,"height":544},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373941082","tid":"9bc22302-abce-11f1-b773-6411caccba68","timestamp":"2026-09-08T21:45:29Z","description":"Global conflict from 1939 to 1945","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:World_War_II"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/World_War_II","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:World_War_II"}},"extract":"World War II, or the Second World War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many engaging in total war on an unprecedented scale. World War II was the deadliest conflict in history, causing the deaths of 60 to 75 million people, a majority of whom were civilians. Millions died as a result of massacres, starvation, disease, and genocides including the Holocaust. After the Allied victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and German and Japanese leaders were tried for war crimes.","extract_html":"World War II, or the Second World War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many engaging in total war on an unprecedented scale. World War II was the deadliest conflict in history, causing the deaths of 60 to 75 million people, a majority of whom were civilians. Millions died as a result of massacres, starvation, disease, and genocides including the Holocaust. After the Allied victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and German and Japanese leaders were tried for war crimes.
","normalizedtitle":"World War II"},{"type":"standard","title":"Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)","displaytitle":"Battle of Rabaul (1942)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1572785","titles":{"canonical":"Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)","normalized":"Battle of Rabaul (1942)","display":"Battle of Rabaul (1942)"},"pageid":1148654,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Australian_troops_retreating_from_the_Battle_of_Rabaul_after_the_successful_attack_by_Japanese_forces%2C_Warangoi_River%2C_New_Britain%2C_January_1942._%2839799822625%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":229},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Australian_troops_retreating_from_the_Battle_of_Rabaul_after_the_successful_attack_by_Japanese_forces%2C_Warangoi_River%2C_New_Britain%2C_January_1942._%2839799822625%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":639,"height":444},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370587012","tid":"4f9974f8-9dbe-11f1-bf44-de9775345b84","timestamp":"2026-08-22T00:13:33Z","description":"WWII battle in the Pacific Theater","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":-4.19805611,"lon":152.16805611},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)"}},"extract":"The Battle of Rabaul, also known by the Japanese as Operation R, an instigating action of the New Guinea campaign, was fought on the island of New Britain in the Australian Territory of New Guinea, from 23 January into February 1942. It was a strategically significant defeat of Allied forces by Japan in the Pacific campaign of World War II, with the Japanese invasion force quickly overwhelming the small Australian garrison, the majority of which was either killed or captured. Hostilities on the neighbouring island of New Ireland are usually considered to be part of the same battle. Rabaul was significant because of its proximity to the Japanese territory of the Caroline Islands, site of a major Imperial Japanese Navy base on Truk.","extract_html":"The Battle of Rabaul, also known by the Japanese as Operation R, an instigating action of the New Guinea campaign, was fought on the island of New Britain in the Australian Territory of New Guinea, from 23 January into February 1942. It was a strategically significant defeat of Allied forces by Japan in the Pacific campaign of World War II, with the Japanese invasion force quickly overwhelming the small Australian garrison, the majority of which was either killed or captured. Hostilities on the neighbouring island of New Ireland are usually considered to be part of the same battle. Rabaul was significant because of its proximity to the Japanese territory of the Caroline Islands, site of a major Imperial Japanese Navy base on Truk.
","normalizedtitle":"Battle of Rabaul (1942)"},{"type":"standard","title":"New_Britain","displaytitle":"New Britain","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q59771","titles":{"canonical":"New_Britain","normalized":"New Britain","display":"New Britain"},"pageid":189467,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Newbritain_lrg.jpg/330px-Newbritain_lrg.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":200},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Newbritain_lrg.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2964,"height":1800},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364054345","tid":"cda767e6-7f44-11f1-a083-39bfb3d08fd1","timestamp":"2026-07-14T05:28:11Z","description":"Island in Papua New Guinea","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":-5.75,"lon":150.6},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Britain","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Britain?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Britain?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:New_Britain"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Britain","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/New_Britain","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Britain?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:New_Britain"}},"extract":"New Britain is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea and from New Ireland by St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe. The island is roughly the size of Taiwan.","extract_html":"New Britain is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea and from New Ireland by St. George's Channel. The main towns of New Britain are Rabaul/Kokopo and Kimbe. The island is roughly the size of Taiwan.
","normalizedtitle":"New Britain"},{"type":"standard","title":"Territory_of_New_Guinea","displaytitle":"Territory of New Guinea","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1443945","titles":{"canonical":"Territory_of_New_Guinea","normalized":"Territory of New Guinea","display":"Territory of New Guinea"},"pageid":3706900,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_the_Territory_of_New_Guinea.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Territory_of_New_Guinea.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":165},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_the_Territory_of_New_Guinea.svg/960px-Flag_of_the_Territory_of_New_Guinea.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":624,"height":312},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368751115","tid":"63fd8a56-9509-11f1-9edb-6f7e168265e9","timestamp":"2026-08-10T22:18:19Z","description":"Australian territory from 1919 to 1975","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":-5,"lon":145},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Territory_of_New_Guinea"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Territory_of_New_Guinea","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Territory_of_New_Guinea"}},"extract":"The Territory of New Guinea was an Australian-administered territory, first as a League of Nations mandate and then as a United Nations trust territory, in the northeastern part of the island of New Guinea and nearby islands, from 1914 until 1975. In 1949, it was united with the Territory of Papua to create the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of New Guinea at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea.","extract_html":"The Territory of New Guinea was an Australian-administered territory, first as a League of Nations mandate and then as a United Nations trust territory, in the northeastern part of the island of New Guinea and nearby islands, from 1914 until 1975. In 1949, it was united with the Territory of Papua to create the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of New Guinea at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea.
","normalizedtitle":"Territory of New Guinea"}],"year":1942},{"text":"Rebels led by John Chilembwe attacked local plantation owners, beginning an uprising regarded as a key moment in the history of Malawi.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"John_Chilembwe","displaytitle":"John Chilembwe","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q644659","titles":{"canonical":"John_Chilembwe","normalized":"John Chilembwe","display":"John Chilembwe"},"pageid":1698971,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/John_Chilembwe_%282%29_%28cropped%29.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":213,"height":285},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/John_Chilembwe_%282%29_%28cropped%29.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":213,"height":285},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372270024","tid":"fe873393-a4e3-11f1-a691-f0274f4b57a7","timestamp":"2026-08-31T02:30:56Z","description":"Independence leader in Malawi (1871–1915)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chilembwe","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chilembwe?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chilembwe?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Chilembwe"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chilembwe","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/John_Chilembwe","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chilembwe?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Chilembwe"}},"extract":"John Chilembwe was a Baptist pastor, educator and revolutionary from Nyasaland who trained as a minister in the United States, returning to Nyasaland in 1901. He was an early figure in the resistance to colonialism in Nyasaland, opposing both the treatment of Africans working in agriculture on European-owned plantations and the colonial government's failure to promote the social and political advancement of Africans. Soon after the outbreak of the First World War, Chilembwe organised an unsuccessful armed uprising against colonial rule, and was killed shortly thereafter by colonial forces. Today, Chilembwe is celebrated as a hero of independence in some African countries, and John Chilembwe Day is observed annually on 15 January in Malawi.","extract_html":"John Chilembwe was a Baptist pastor, educator and revolutionary from Nyasaland who trained as a minister in the United States, returning to Nyasaland in 1901. He was an early figure in the resistance to colonialism in Nyasaland, opposing both the treatment of Africans working in agriculture on European-owned plantations and the colonial government's failure to promote the social and political advancement of Africans. Soon after the outbreak of the First World War, Chilembwe organised an unsuccessful armed uprising against colonial rule, and was killed shortly thereafter by colonial forces. Today, Chilembwe is celebrated as a hero of independence in some African countries, and John Chilembwe Day is observed annually on 15 January in Malawi.
","normalizedtitle":"John Chilembwe"},{"type":"standard","title":"Chilembwe_uprising","displaytitle":"Chilembwe uprising","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q16056284","titles":{"canonical":"Chilembwe_uprising","normalized":"Chilembwe uprising","display":"Chilembwe uprising"},"pageid":1704695,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Chilembwe_supporters_being_led_to_be_executed_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Chilembwe_supporters_being_led_to_be_executed_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":269},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Chilembwe_supporters_being_led_to_be_executed_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":953,"height":777},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371487989","tid":"665719e0-a182-11f1-b8a4-d3001bcdb1bc","timestamp":"2026-08-26T19:14:46Z","description":"1915 rebellion against British rule","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":-15.75555556,"lon":35.19083333},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilembwe_uprising","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilembwe_uprising?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilembwe_uprising?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Chilembwe_uprising"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilembwe_uprising","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Chilembwe_uprising","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilembwe_uprising?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Chilembwe_uprising"}},"extract":"The Chilembwe uprising was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I.","extract_html":"The Chilembwe uprising was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I.
","normalizedtitle":"Chilembwe uprising"},{"type":"standard","title":"History_of_Malawi","displaytitle":"History of Malawi","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1430684","titles":{"canonical":"History_of_Malawi","normalized":"History of Malawi","display":"History of Malawi"},"pageid":19098,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366512877","tid":"83fe687f-8a84-11f1-b0c3-3342d31f5154","timestamp":"2026-07-28T13:01:58Z","description":"","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Malawi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Malawi?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Malawi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:History_of_Malawi"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Malawi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/History_of_Malawi","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Malawi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:History_of_Malawi"}},"extract":"The history of Malawi covers the area of present-day Malawi. The region was once part of the Maravi Empire. In colonial times, the territory was ruled by the British, under whose control it was known first as British Central Africa and later Nyasaland. It became part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The country achieved full independence, as Malawi, in 1964. After independence, Malawi was ruled as a one-party state under Hastings Banda until 1994.","extract_html":"The history of Malawi covers the area of present-day Malawi. The region was once part of the Maravi Empire. In colonial times, the territory was ruled by the British, under whose control it was known first as British Central Africa and later Nyasaland. It became part of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The country achieved full independence, as Malawi, in 1964. After independence, Malawi was ruled as a one-party state under Hastings Banda until 1994.
","normalizedtitle":"History of Malawi"}],"year":1915},{"text":"Two men committed an armed robbery in Tottenham, London, and led police on a two-hour chase, partially by tram, that ended in the perpetrators' suicides.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Tottenham_Outrage","displaytitle":"Tottenham Outrage","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7828458","titles":{"canonical":"Tottenham_Outrage","normalized":"Tottenham Outrage","display":"Tottenham Outrage"},"pageid":21283763,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tottenham_Outrage_in_The_Illustrated_London_News%2C_30_January_1909_%28retouched%29.jpg/330px-Tottenham_Outrage_in_The_Illustrated_London_News%2C_30_January_1909_%28retouched%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":490},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tottenham_Outrage_in_The_Illustrated_London_News%2C_30_January_1909_%28retouched%29.jpg/3840px-Tottenham_Outrage_in_The_Illustrated_London_News%2C_30_January_1909_%28retouched%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":13682,"height":20331},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374024148","tid":"af55a719-ac37-11f1-bbe8-f931e653f3c7","timestamp":"2026-09-09T10:17:39Z","description":"1909 armed robbery in London","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham_Outrage","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham_Outrage?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham_Outrage?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tottenham_Outrage"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham_Outrage","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tottenham_Outrage","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham_Outrage?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tottenham_Outrage"}},"extract":"The Tottenham Outrage of 23 January 1909 was an armed robbery in Tottenham, North London, that resulted in a two-hour chase between the police and armed criminals over a distance of six miles (10 km), with an estimated 400 rounds of ammunition fired by the thieves. The robbery, of workers' wages from the Schnurmann rubber factory, was carried out by Paul Helfeld and Jacob Lepidus, Jewish Latvian immigrants. Of the twenty-three casualties, two were fatal and several others serious, among them seven policemen. The two thieves killed themselves at the end of the pursuit.","extract_html":"The Tottenham Outrage of 23 January 1909 was an armed robbery in Tottenham, North London, that resulted in a two-hour chase between the police and armed criminals over a distance of six miles (10 km), with an estimated 400 rounds of ammunition fired by the thieves. The robbery, of workers' wages from the Schnurmann rubber factory, was carried out by Paul Helfeld and Jacob Lepidus, Jewish Latvian immigrants. Of the twenty-three casualties, two were fatal and several others serious, among them seven policemen. The two thieves killed themselves at the end of the pursuit.
","normalizedtitle":"Tottenham Outrage"},{"type":"standard","title":"Tottenham","displaytitle":"Tottenham","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q503375","titles":{"canonical":"Tottenham","normalized":"Tottenham","display":"Tottenham"},"pageid":18253957,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tottenham_Hotspur_new_stadium_2019.jpg/330px-Tottenham_Hotspur_new_stadium_2019.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":186},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Tottenham_Hotspur_new_stadium_2019.jpg/3840px-Tottenham_Hotspur_new_stadium_2019.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":5549,"height":3121},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373210926","tid":"b53837c4-a87b-11f1-ba2d-5d7987b4286e","timestamp":"2026-09-04T16:14:30Z","description":"District of north London, England","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":51.5975,"lon":-0.06805556},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tottenham"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tottenham","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tottenham?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tottenham"}},"extract":"Tottenham, is a district in north London, England, within the London Borough of Haringey. It is located in the ceremonial county of Greater London. Tottenham is centred 6 mi (10 km) north-northeast of Charing Cross, bordering Edmonton to the north, Walthamstow, across the River Lea, to the east, and Stamford Hill to the south, with Wood Green and Harringay to the west.","extract_html":"Tottenham, is a district in north London, England, within the London Borough of Haringey. It is located in the ceremonial county of Greater London. Tottenham is centred 6 mi (10 km) north-northeast of Charing Cross, bordering Edmonton to the north, Walthamstow, across the River Lea, to the east, and Stamford Hill to the south, with Wood Green and Harringay to the west.
","normalizedtitle":"Tottenham"}],"year":1909},{"text":"In the most fatal recorded mountaineering accident, 199 of the 210 members of an Imperial Japanese Army unit perished in a blizzard on the Hakkōda Mountains.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Imperial_Japanese_Army","displaytitle":"Imperial Japanese Army","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q276535","titles":{"canonical":"Imperial_Japanese_Army","normalized":"Imperial Japanese Army","display":"Imperial Japanese Army"},"pageid":481708,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/330px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/960px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":900,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374282569","tid":"6f98d756-ad7d-11f1-be67-ae2e66e663ed","timestamp":"2026-09-11T01:09:28Z","description":"Principal ground force of the Empire of Japan","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Imperial_Japanese_Army"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Imperial_Japanese_Army","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Imperial_Japanese_Army"}},"extract":"The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan's rapid modernization during the Meiji period, fought in numerous conflicts including the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, World War I, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and World War II, and became a dominant force in Japanese politics. Initially formed from samurai domain armies that overthrew the Tokugawa Shogunate, it evolved after the Meiji Restoration into a powerful modern military influenced by French and German models, supported by its own air arm, the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service.","extract_html":"The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan's rapid modernization during the Meiji period, fought in numerous conflicts including the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, World War I, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and World War II, and became a dominant force in Japanese politics. Initially formed from samurai domain armies that overthrew the Tokugawa Shogunate, it evolved after the Meiji Restoration into a powerful modern military influenced by French and German models, supported by its own air arm, the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service.
","normalizedtitle":"Imperial Japanese Army"},{"type":"standard","title":"Hakkōda_Mountains_disaster","displaytitle":"Hakkōda Mountains disaster","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3149897","titles":{"canonical":"Hakkōda_Mountains_disaster","normalized":"Hakkōda Mountains disaster","display":"Hakkōda Mountains disaster"},"pageid":20151118,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/HakkodaStatue1.jpg/330px-HakkodaStatue1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":480},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/HakkodaStatue1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":344,"height":500},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370696352","tid":"f3c4ff2b-9e42-11f1-adc7-363504280481","timestamp":"2026-08-22T16:03:02Z","description":"1902 mountaineering disaster in Japan","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":40.70666667,"lon":140.87277778},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains_disaster","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains_disaster?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains_disaster?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains_disaster"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains_disaster","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains_disaster","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains_disaster?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains_disaster"}},"extract":"The Hakkōda Mountains disaster occurred on 23 January 1902, when 210 Imperial Japanese Army soldiers became lost in a blizzard in the Hakkōda Mountains in Aomori Prefecture in northern Honshu, Japan, en-route to Tashiro Hot Spring in the Hakkōda Mountains. The 199 deaths during a single ascent make it the most lethal disaster in the modern recorded mountaineering.","extract_html":"The Hakkōda Mountains disaster occurred on 23 January 1902, when 210 Imperial Japanese Army soldiers became lost in a blizzard in the Hakkōda Mountains in Aomori Prefecture in northern Honshu, Japan, en-route to Tashiro Hot Spring in the Hakkōda Mountains. The 199 deaths during a single ascent make it the most lethal disaster in the modern recorded mountaineering.
","normalizedtitle":"Hakkōda Mountains disaster"},{"type":"standard","title":"Hakkōda_Mountains","displaytitle":"Hakkōda Mountains","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3047571","titles":{"canonical":"Hakkōda_Mountains","normalized":"Hakkōda Mountains","display":"Hakkōda Mountains"},"pageid":1561525,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Hakkoda_Mountains_01.jpg/330px-Hakkoda_Mountains_01.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Hakkoda_Mountains_01.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":800,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365157924","tid":"babbfa5d-845a-11f1-94fa-29607170edf7","timestamp":"2026-07-20T16:47:44Z","description":"Volcanic complex in Aomori Prefecture, Japan","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":40.65888889,"lon":140.87722222},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hakk%C5%8Dda_Mountains"}},"extract":"The Hakkōda Mountains are an active volcanic complex in south-central Aomori Prefecture, Japan, in Towada-Hachimantai National Park. Often called Mount Hakkōda or simply Hakkōda (八甲田), the mountains are collectively listed as one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains. Its highest peak, Mount Ōdake, lies 21.3 kilometers (13.2 mi) southeast of central Aomori and 28 kilometers (17 mi) west of central Towada and has an elevation of 1,585 meters (5,200 ft). The Hakkōda Mountains are a part of the Ōu Mountains which make up part of the Northeastern Japan Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The volcanic complex consists of fourteen stratovolcanoes and lava domes arranged into two volcanic groups. The Northern Hakkōda Volcanic Group emerges from the rim of an 8-kilometer-wide (5.0 mi) caldera that dates back to the Pleistocene. The Southern Hakkōda Volcanic Group predates the caldera.","extract_html":"The Hakkōda Mountains are an active volcanic complex in south-central Aomori Prefecture, Japan, in Towada-Hachimantai National Park. Often called Mount Hakkōda or simply Hakkōda (八甲田), the mountains are collectively listed as one of the 100 Famous Japanese Mountains. Its highest peak, Mount Ōdake, lies 21.3 kilometers (13.2 mi) southeast of central Aomori and 28 kilometers (17 mi) west of central Towada and has an elevation of 1,585 meters (5,200 ft). The Hakkōda Mountains are a part of the Ōu Mountains which make up part of the Northeastern Japan Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire. The volcanic complex consists of fourteen stratovolcanoes and lava domes arranged into two volcanic groups. The Northern Hakkōda Volcanic Group emerges from the rim of an 8-kilometer-wide (5.0 mi) caldera that dates back to the Pleistocene. The Southern Hakkōda Volcanic Group predates the caldera.
","normalizedtitle":"Hakkōda Mountains"}],"year":1902},{"text":"American Indian Wars: In the Marias Massacre, the United States Army killed about 200 Piegan Blackfeet, mostly women, children, and the elderly.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"American_Indian_Wars","displaytitle":"American Indian Wars","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q849680","titles":{"canonical":"American_Indian_Wars","normalized":"American Indian Wars","display":"American Indian Wars"},"pageid":386555,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/U.S._Army-Cavalry_Pursuing_Indians-1876_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-U.S._Army-Cavalry_Pursuing_Indians-1876_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":225},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/U.S._Army-Cavalry_Pursuing_Indians-1876_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1594,"height":1087},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370428180","tid":"45687053-9d07-11f1-8902-a6b39cd813cc","timestamp":"2026-08-21T02:23:18Z","description":"Frontier conflicts in North America, 1609–1890s","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Indian_Wars","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Indian_Wars?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Indian_Wars?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:American_Indian_Wars"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Indian_Wars","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/American_Indian_Wars","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Indian_Wars?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:American_Indian_Wars"}},"extract":"The American Indian Wars, also known as the American Frontier Wars, and the Indian Wars, were initially fought by European colonial empires, the United States, and briefly the Confederate States of America and Republic of Texas against various American Indian tribes in North America. These conflicts occurred from the time of the earliest colonial settlements in the 17th century until the end of the 19th century. The various conflicts resulted from a wide variety of factors, the most common being the desire of settlers and governments for tribal lands. The European powers and their colonies enlisted allied Indian tribes to help them conduct warfare against each other's colonial settlements. After the American Revolution, many conflicts were local to specific states or regions and frequently involved disputes over land use; many involved retaliatory violence.","extract_html":"The American Indian Wars, also known as the American Frontier Wars, and the Indian Wars, were initially fought by European colonial empires, the United States, and briefly the Confederate States of America and Republic of Texas against various American Indian tribes in North America. These conflicts occurred from the time of the earliest colonial settlements in the 17th century until the end of the 19th century. The various conflicts resulted from a wide variety of factors, the most common being the desire of settlers and governments for tribal lands. The European powers and their colonies enlisted allied Indian tribes to help them conduct warfare against each other's colonial settlements. After the American Revolution, many conflicts were local to specific states or regions and frequently involved disputes over land use; many involved retaliatory violence.
","normalizedtitle":"American Indian Wars"},{"type":"standard","title":"Marias_Massacre","displaytitle":"Marias Massacre","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4120018","titles":{"canonical":"Marias_Massacre","normalized":"Marias Massacre","display":"Marias Massacre"},"pageid":209884,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373038300","tid":"c885cef1-a7bf-11f1-9731-45365f2e35ca","timestamp":"2026-09-03T17:49:17Z","description":"January 1870 killing of Native Americans by the U.S. Army in Montana","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":48.39472222,"lon":-111.65527778},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marias_Massacre","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marias_Massacre?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marias_Massacre?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marias_Massacre"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marias_Massacre","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Marias_Massacre","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marias_Massacre?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marias_Massacre"}},"extract":"The Marias Massacre was a massacre of Piegan Blackfeet Native peoples committed by United States Army forces under Major Eugene Mortimer Baker as part of the Indian Wars. The massacre occurred on January 23, 1870, in Montana Territory. Approximately 200 Native people were killed, most of whom were women, children, and older men.","extract_html":"The Marias Massacre was a massacre of Piegan Blackfeet Native peoples committed by United States Army forces under Major Eugene Mortimer Baker as part of the Indian Wars. The massacre occurred on January 23, 1870, in Montana Territory. Approximately 200 Native people were killed, most of whom were women, children, and older men.
","normalizedtitle":"Marias Massacre"},{"type":"standard","title":"United_States_Army","displaytitle":"United States Army","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q9212","titles":{"canonical":"United_States_Army","normalized":"United States Army","display":"United States Army"},"pageid":32087,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/330px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg/960px-Mark_of_the_United_States_Army.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":512,"height":512},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374228320","tid":"19a43e12-ad3d-11f1-954c-1e14e85d24aa","timestamp":"2026-09-10T17:28:56Z","description":"Land service branch of the U.S. military","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:United_States_Army"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/United_States_Army","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:United_States_Army"}},"extract":"The United States Army is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is designated as the army of the United States in the United States Constitution. As a part of the United States Department of Defense, it is one of the six armed forces of the United States and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Founded in 1784, it succeeded the Continental Army, formed in 1775 during the American Revolutionary War.","extract_html":"The United States Army is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is designated as the army of the United States in the United States Constitution. As a part of the United States Department of Defense, it is one of the six armed forces of the United States and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Founded in 1784, it succeeded the Continental Army, formed in 1775 during the American Revolutionary War.
","normalizedtitle":"United States Army"},{"type":"standard","title":"Piegan_Blackfeet","displaytitle":"Piegan Blackfeet","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2673132","titles":{"canonical":"Piegan_Blackfeet","normalized":"Piegan Blackfeet","display":"Piegan Blackfeet"},"pageid":52275,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Three_chiefs_Piegan_p.39_horizontal.png/330px-Three_chiefs_Piegan_p.39_horizontal.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":165},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Three_chiefs_Piegan_p.39_horizontal.png/3840px-Three_chiefs_Piegan_p.39_horizontal.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4764,"height":2382},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370558567","tid":"44d0e92b-9da2-11f1-b843-51b472c6adcc","timestamp":"2026-08-21T20:52:49Z","description":"Native American tribe","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piegan_Blackfeet","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piegan_Blackfeet?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piegan_Blackfeet?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Piegan_Blackfeet"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piegan_Blackfeet","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Piegan_Blackfeet","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piegan_Blackfeet?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Piegan_Blackfeet"}},"extract":"The Piegan are an Algonquian-speaking people from the North American Great Plains. They are the largest of three Blackfeet-speaking groups that make up the Blackfeet Confederacy; the Siksika and Kainai are the others. The Piegan dominated much of the northern Great Plains during the nineteenth century.","extract_html":"The Piegan are an Algonquian-speaking people from the North American Great Plains. They are the largest of three Blackfeet-speaking groups that make up the Blackfeet Confederacy; the Siksika and Kainai are the others. The Piegan dominated much of the northern Great Plains during the nineteenth century.
","normalizedtitle":"Piegan Blackfeet"}],"year":1870},{"text":"Elizabeth Blackwell (pictured) graduated from Geneva Medical College in New York, making her the first woman to receive a medical degree in the United States.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Elizabeth_Blackwell","displaytitle":"Elizabeth Blackwell","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q234572","titles":{"canonical":"Elizabeth_Blackwell","normalized":"Elizabeth Blackwell","display":"Elizabeth Blackwell"},"pageid":2024825,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Elizabeth_Blackwell.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":288,"height":405},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Elizabeth_Blackwell.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":288,"height":405},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371709748","tid":"e28157c4-a27b-11f1-b450-91e3f09c705d","timestamp":"2026-08-28T01:00:39Z","description":"British-American physician (1821–1910)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elizabeth_Blackwell"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Elizabeth_Blackwell","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elizabeth_Blackwell"}},"extract":"Elizabeth Blackwell was an English-American physician, notable as the first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, and the first woman on the Medical Register of the General Medical Council for the United Kingdom. Blackwell played an important role in both the United States and the United Kingdom as a social reformer, and was a pioneer in promoting education for women in medicine. Her contributions remain celebrated with the Elizabeth Blackwell Medal, awarded annually to a woman who has made a significant contribution to the promotion of women in medicine.","extract_html":"Elizabeth Blackwell was an English-American physician, notable as the first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, and the first woman on the Medical Register of the General Medical Council for the United Kingdom. Blackwell played an important role in both the United States and the United Kingdom as a social reformer, and was a pioneer in promoting education for women in medicine. Her contributions remain celebrated with the Elizabeth Blackwell Medal, awarded annually to a woman who has made a significant contribution to the promotion of women in medicine.
","normalizedtitle":"Elizabeth Blackwell"},{"type":"standard","title":"Geneva_Medical_College","displaytitle":"Geneva Medical College","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5533018","titles":{"canonical":"Geneva_Medical_College","normalized":"Geneva Medical College","display":"Geneva Medical College"},"pageid":27603787,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Geneva_medical_college.jpg/330px-Geneva_medical_college.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":228},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Geneva_medical_college.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":376,"height":260},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369579448","tid":"3fc9f06a-98ef-11f1-92dc-f44c53aaf871","timestamp":"2026-08-15T21:21:16Z","description":"Defunct American medical school","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Medical_College","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Medical_College?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Medical_College?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Geneva_Medical_College"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Medical_College","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Geneva_Medical_College","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Medical_College?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Geneva_Medical_College"}},"extract":"Geneva Medical College was founded on September 15, 1834, in Geneva, New York, as a separate department (college) of Geneva College, currently known as Hobart and William Smith Colleges. In 1871, the medical school was transferred to Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York.","extract_html":"Geneva Medical College was founded on September 15, 1834, in Geneva, New York, as a separate department (college) of Geneva College, currently known as Hobart and William Smith Colleges. In 1871, the medical school was transferred to Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York.
","normalizedtitle":"Geneva Medical College"}],"year":1849},{"text":"The Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia partitioned the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth for the second time.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Russian_Empire","displaytitle":"Russian Empire","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q34266","titles":{"canonical":"Russian_Empire","normalized":"Russian Empire","display":"Russian Empire"},"pageid":20611504,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/330px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/960px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":900,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374318631","tid":"78a39d74-adb1-11f1-ba47-62d8edc00208","timestamp":"2026-09-11T07:21:57Z","description":"Russian state from 1721 to 1917","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Russian_Empire"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Russian_Empire","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Russian_Empire"}},"extract":"The Russian Empire was an empire that extended across northern Eurasia from 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in 1917, forming the final era of Tsarist Russia and the wider Russian monarchy. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about 22,800,000 km2 (8,800,000 sq mi), roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the third-largest empire in history, behind only the British and Mongol empires. The 1897 Russian census found a population of 126 million with considerable ethnic, linguistic, religious, and socioeconomic diversity.","extract_html":"The Russian Empire was an empire that extended across northern Eurasia from 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in 1917, forming the final era of Tsarist Russia and the wider Russian monarchy. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about 22,800,000 km2 (8,800,000 sq mi), roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the third-largest empire in history, behind only the British and Mongol empires. The 1897 Russian census found a population of 126 million with considerable ethnic, linguistic, religious, and socioeconomic diversity.
","normalizedtitle":"Russian Empire"},{"type":"standard","title":"Kingdom_of_Prussia","displaytitle":"Kingdom of Prussia","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q27306","titles":{"canonical":"Kingdom_of_Prussia","normalized":"Kingdom of Prussia","display":"Kingdom of Prussia"},"pageid":242701,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg/1920px-Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Prussia_%281803-1892%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1500,"height":1000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372788615","tid":"3509abd0-a6a0-11f1-bf81-f79e73043af7","timestamp":"2026-09-02T07:30:44Z","description":"German state (1701–1918)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kingdom_of_Prussia"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Kingdom_of_Prussia","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kingdom_of_Prussia"}},"extract":"The Kingdom of Prussia was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918. It played a significant role in the unification of Germany in 1871 and was a major constituent of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918. The Kingdom of Prussia took its name from the historical region of Prussia, and controlled most of said region, although it was based in the Margraviate of Brandenburg, and its capital was Berlin.","extract_html":"The Kingdom of Prussia was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918. It played a significant role in the unification of Germany in 1871 and was a major constituent of the German Empire until its dissolution in 1918. The Kingdom of Prussia took its name from the historical region of Prussia, and controlled most of said region, although it was based in the Margraviate of Brandenburg, and its capital was Berlin.
","normalizedtitle":"Kingdom of Prussia"},{"type":"standard","title":"Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth","displaytitle":"Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q172107","titles":{"canonical":"Polish–Lithuanian_Commonwealth","normalized":"Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth","display":"Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"},"pageid":343234,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Banner_of_Poland-Lithuania.svg/330px-Banner_of_Poland-Lithuania.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":234},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Banner_of_Poland-Lithuania.svg/1280px-Banner_of_Poland-Lithuania.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1069,"height":759},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372493253","tid":"77968fc6-a59d-11f1-a189-87e6fe3faf14","timestamp":"2026-09-01T00:38:36Z","description":"Aristocratic republic in Europe (1569–1795)","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":50.05388889,"lon":19.93472222},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth"}},"extract":"The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic, was a federative real union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795. This state was among the largest, most populated countries of 16th- to 18th-century Europe. At its peak in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth spanned approximately 1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi) and supported a multi-ethnic population of around 12 million as of 1618. The official languages of the Commonwealth were Polish and Latin, with Catholicism as the state religion.","extract_html":"The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic, was a federative real union between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795. This state was among the largest, most populated countries of 16th- to 18th-century Europe. At its peak in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth spanned approximately 1,000,000 km2 (390,000 sq mi) and supported a multi-ethnic population of around 12 million as of 1618. The official languages of the Commonwealth were Polish and Latin, with Catholicism as the state religion.
","normalizedtitle":"Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth"},{"type":"standard","title":"Second_Partition_of_Poland","displaytitle":"Second Partition of Poland","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3025374","titles":{"canonical":"Second_Partition_of_Poland","normalized":"Second Partition of Poland","display":"Second Partition of Poland"},"pageid":1059497,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Second_Partition_of_Poland_1793.PNG/330px-Second_Partition_of_Poland_1793.PNG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":259},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Second_Partition_of_Poland_1793.PNG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2000,"height":1568},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368931403","tid":"b1482e4d-95d7-11f1-9a98-dc3f24ff080e","timestamp":"2026-08-11T22:55:05Z","description":"1793 division of Poland–Lithuania","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Second_Partition_of_Poland"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Second_Partition_of_Poland","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Second_Partition_of_Poland"}},"extract":"The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian War of 1792 and the Targowica Confederation of 1792, and was approved by its territorial beneficiaries, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. The division was ratified by the coerced Polish parliament (Sejm) in 1793 in a short-lived attempt to prevent the inevitable complete annexation of Poland, the Third Partition.","extract_html":"The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian War of 1792 and the Targowica Confederation of 1792, and was approved by its territorial beneficiaries, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. The division was ratified by the coerced Polish parliament (Sejm) in 1793 in a short-lived attempt to prevent the inevitable complete annexation of Poland, the Third Partition.
","normalizedtitle":"Second Partition of Poland"}],"year":1793},{"text":"Bishop John Carroll purchased a plot of land that would become the home of the future Georgetown University, the oldest Catholic university in the United States.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)","displaytitle":"John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q39459","titles":{"canonical":"John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)","normalized":"John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)","display":"John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)"},"pageid":23922977,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg/330px-John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":403},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":754,"height":921},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1357625077","tid":"b30ec5e8-5f78-11f1-9472-c8cd61748606","timestamp":"2026-06-03T18:19:03Z","description":"First Catholic bishop in the US (1735–1815)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)"}},"extract":"John Carroll was an American Catholic prelate who served as the nation's first Catholic bishop, overseeing the Diocese of Baltimore, then the only diocese in the nascent United States, from 1789 to 1815. He became Archbishop of Baltimore in 1808, up to which point Carroll had also administered the entire U.S. Catholic Church.","extract_html":"John Carroll was an American Catholic prelate who served as the nation's first Catholic bishop, overseeing the Diocese of Baltimore, then the only diocese in the nascent United States, from 1789 to 1815. He became Archbishop of Baltimore in 1808, up to which point Carroll had also administered the entire U.S. Catholic Church.
","normalizedtitle":"John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)"},{"type":"standard","title":"Georgetown_University","displaytitle":"Georgetown University","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q333886","titles":{"canonical":"Georgetown_University","normalized":"Georgetown University","display":"Georgetown University"},"pageid":101681,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Georgetown_University_seal.svg/330px-Georgetown_University_seal.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":387},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Georgetown_University_seal.svg/330px-Georgetown_University_seal.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":260,"height":305},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371389182","tid":"3fa8cb37-a109-11f1-858f-0a36f8adafa6","timestamp":"2026-08-26T04:47:32Z","description":"Private Jesuit university in Washington, D.C.","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":38.90722222,"lon":-77.07277778},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Georgetown_University"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Georgetown_University","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Georgetown_University"}},"extract":"Georgetown University is a private Jesuit research university in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded by Bishop John Carroll in 1789, it is the oldest Catholic institution of higher education in the United States, the oldest university in Washington, D.C., and the nation's first federally chartered university.","extract_html":"Georgetown University is a private Jesuit research university in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded by Bishop John Carroll in 1789, it is the oldest Catholic institution of higher education in the United States, the oldest university in Washington, D.C., and the nation's first federally chartered university.
","normalizedtitle":"Georgetown University"},{"type":"standard","title":"Catholic_higher_education","displaytitle":"Catholic higher education","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q557206","titles":{"canonical":"Catholic_higher_education","normalized":"Catholic higher education","display":"Catholic higher education"},"pageid":581131,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/HC_Dinand_Library_1.%2723.jpg/330px-HC_Dinand_Library_1.%2723.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/HC_Dinand_Library_1.%2723.jpg/3840px-HC_Dinand_Library_1.%2723.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":6000,"height":4000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368753678","tid":"64e3ea58-950c-11f1-bc76-6629b6935505","timestamp":"2026-08-10T22:39:49Z","description":"Universities run by the Catholic Church","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_higher_education","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_higher_education?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_higher_education?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Catholic_higher_education"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_higher_education","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Catholic_higher_education","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_higher_education?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Catholic_higher_education"}},"extract":"Catholic higher education includes universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher education privately run by the Catholic Church, typically by religious institutes. Those tied to the Holy See are specifically called pontifical universities.","extract_html":"Catholic higher education includes universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher education privately run by the Catholic Church, typically by religious institutes. Those tied to the Holy See are specifically called pontifical universities.
","normalizedtitle":"Catholic higher education"}],"year":1789},{"text":"Queen Elizabeth I opened the Royal Exchange in London, giving it its royal title.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Elizabeth_I","displaytitle":"Elizabeth I","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7207","titles":{"canonical":"Elizabeth_I","normalized":"Elizabeth I","display":"Elizabeth I"},"pageid":10128,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Darnley_stage_3.jpg/330px-Darnley_stage_3.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":483},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Darnley_stage_3.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1581,"height":2313},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373999437","tid":"6dfccf06-ac0e-11f1-ae59-6b10599a7061","timestamp":"2026-09-09T05:22:20Z","description":"Queen of England and Ireland from 1558 to 1603","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elizabeth_I"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Elizabeth_I","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elizabeth_I"}},"extract":"Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudor. Her eventful reign, and its effect on history and culture, gave name to the Elizabethan era.","extract_html":"Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last and longest reigning monarch of the House of Tudor. Her eventful reign, and its effect on history and culture, gave name to the Elizabethan era.
","normalizedtitle":"Elizabeth I"},{"type":"standard","title":"Royal_Exchange,_London","displaytitle":"Royal Exchange, London","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1241240","titles":{"canonical":"Royal_Exchange,_London","normalized":"Royal Exchange, London","display":"Royal Exchange, London"},"pageid":421601,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bolsa%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2014-08-11%2C_DD_144.JPG/330px-Bolsa%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2014-08-11%2C_DD_144.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":261},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bolsa%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2014-08-11%2C_DD_144.JPG/3840px-Bolsa%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2014-08-11%2C_DD_144.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4398,"height":3478},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369740298","tid":"6e5fcdac-99b8-11f1-960e-9cefd12d41bf","timestamp":"2026-08-16T21:21:23Z","description":"Commercial building in London (built 1571, rebuilt 1844)","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":51.51361111,"lon":-0.08722222},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Exchange%2C_London","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Exchange%2C_London?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Exchange%2C_London?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Royal_Exchange%2C_London"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Exchange%2C_London","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Royal_Exchange%2C_London","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Exchange%2C_London?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Royal_Exchange%2C_London"}},"extract":"The Royal Exchange is a building in central London, built to house the London Stock Exchange, which now operates elsewhere. Today, the Royal Exchange contains restaurants and luxury shops.","extract_html":"The Royal Exchange is a building in central London, built to house the London Stock Exchange, which now operates elsewhere. Today, the Royal Exchange contains restaurants and luxury shops.
","normalizedtitle":"Royal Exchange, London"}],"year":1571},{"text":"James Hamilton killed James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, in the first recorded assassination of a head of government using a firearm.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"James_Hamilton_(assassin)","displaytitle":"James Hamilton (assassin)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1680520","titles":{"canonical":"James_Hamilton_(assassin)","normalized":"James Hamilton (assassin)","display":"James Hamilton (assassin)"},"pageid":22405987,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/James_hamilton_of_bothwellhaugh.jpg/330px-James_hamilton_of_bothwellhaugh.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":227},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/James_hamilton_of_bothwellhaugh.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3088,"height":2128},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366708877","tid":"d02ad5ee-8b78-11f1-91e9-0538e79d80d0","timestamp":"2026-07-29T18:10:43Z","description":"Scottish assassin","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hamilton_(assassin)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hamilton_(assassin)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hamilton_(assassin)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Hamilton_(assassin)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hamilton_(assassin)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/James_Hamilton_(assassin)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hamilton_(assassin)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Hamilton_(assassin)"}},"extract":"James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh and Woodhouselee was a Scottish supporter of Mary, Queen of Scots, who assassinated James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, Regent of Scotland, in January 1570. He shot Moray from the steps of his uncle Archbishop John Hamilton's house in Linlithgow.","extract_html":"James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh and Woodhouselee was a Scottish supporter of Mary, Queen of Scots, who assassinated James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, Regent of Scotland, in January 1570. He shot Moray from the steps of his uncle Archbishop John Hamilton's house in Linlithgow.
","normalizedtitle":"James Hamilton (assassin)"},{"type":"standard","title":"James_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Moray","displaytitle":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q937415","titles":{"canonical":"James_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Moray","normalized":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray","display":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray"},"pageid":382866,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/James_Stewart_Earl_of_Moray.jpg/330px-James_Stewart_Earl_of_Moray.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":448},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/James_Stewart_Earl_of_Moray.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":629,"height":853},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373049897","tid":"e4dc361b-a7cc-11f1-b2ee-690e3c026397","timestamp":"2026-09-03T19:23:08Z","description":"Regent for King James VI of Scotland from 1567–1570","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray"}},"extract":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray was a member of the House of Stewart as the illegitimate son of James V of Scotland. At times a supporter of his half-sister Mary, Queen of Scots, he was the regent of Scotland for his half-nephew, the infant James VI, from 1567 until his assassination in 1570. He was the first head of government to be assassinated with a firearm.","extract_html":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray was a member of the House of Stewart as the illegitimate son of James V of Scotland. At times a supporter of his half-sister Mary, Queen of Scots, he was the regent of Scotland for his half-nephew, the infant James VI, from 1567 until his assassination in 1570. He was the first head of government to be assassinated with a firearm.
","normalizedtitle":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray"},{"type":"standard","title":"Firearm","displaytitle":"Firearm","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q12796","titles":{"canonical":"Firearm","normalized":"Firearm","display":"Firearm"},"pageid":11966,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/M16_and_AK-47_comparison.png/330px-M16_and_AK-47_comparison.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":186},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/M16_and_AK-47_comparison.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":800,"height":450},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374087224","tid":"18fb9fc4-ac84-11f1-911d-8f86dc1284cf","timestamp":"2026-09-09T19:24:38Z","description":"Gun for an individual","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firearm","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firearm?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firearm?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Firearm"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firearm","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Firearm","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firearm?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Firearm"}},"extract":"A firearm is any type of gun that shoots projectiles using high explosive pressure generated from combustion (deflagration) of chemical propellant, most often black powder in antique firearms and smokeless powder in modern firearms. Small arms is a subset of light firearms that is designed to be readily carried and operated by an individual. The term \"firearm\" is however variably defined both technically and legally in different countries, and can be used colloquially to refer to any type of guns including air guns.","extract_html":"A firearm is any type of gun that shoots projectiles using high explosive pressure generated from combustion (deflagration) of chemical propellant, most often black powder in antique firearms and smokeless powder in modern firearms. Small arms is a subset of light firearms that is designed to be readily carried and operated by an individual. The term \"firearm\" is however variably defined both technically and legally in different countries, and can be used colloquially to refer to any type of guns including air guns.
","normalizedtitle":"Firearm"}],"year":1570},{"text":"One of the deadliest earthquakes in history struck Shaanxi, China, resulting in at least 100,000 direct deaths.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"1556_Shaanxi_earthquake","displaytitle":"1556 Shaanxi earthquake","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q191293","titles":{"canonical":"1556_Shaanxi_earthquake","normalized":"1556 Shaanxi earthquake","display":"1556 Shaanxi earthquake"},"pageid":1341241,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Shaanxi_1556_earthquake_map_of_provinces.png/330px-Shaanxi_1556_earthquake_map_of_provinces.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":261},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Shaanxi_1556_earthquake_map_of_provinces.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":700,"height":554},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370898423","tid":"bb412613-9f13-11f1-9a0f-51b762867831","timestamp":"2026-08-23T16:57:32Z","description":"Natural disaster in Huaxian, China","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":34.5,"lon":109.3},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:1556_Shaanxi_earthquake"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:1556_Shaanxi_earthquake"}},"extract":"One of the deadliest earthquakes in history occurred in the early morning of 23 January 1556 in Huaxian, Shaanxi, during the Ming dynasty.","extract_html":"One of the deadliest earthquakes in history occurred in the early morning of 23 January 1556 in Huaxian, Shaanxi, during the Ming dynasty.
","normalizedtitle":"1556 Shaanxi earthquake"},{"type":"standard","title":"Shaanxi","displaytitle":"Shaanxi","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q47974","titles":{"canonical":"Shaanxi","normalized":"Shaanxi","display":"Shaanxi"},"pageid":155520,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Qianling_Mausoleum_25_2013-08.JPG/330px-Qianling_Mausoleum_25_2013-08.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Qianling_Mausoleum_25_2013-08.JPG/3840px-Qianling_Mausoleum_25_2013-08.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4320,"height":3240},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367553509","tid":"61ce8755-8f77-11f1-ad18-52bf26a4d41e","timestamp":"2026-08-03T20:10:33Z","description":"Province in Northwestern China","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":35.6,"lon":109.3},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Shaanxi"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Shaanxi","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Shaanxi"}},"extract":"Shaanxi is a province in Northwestern China. It borders the province-level divisions of Inner Mongolia to the north; Shanxi and Henan to the east; Hubei, Chongqing, and Sichuan to the south; and Gansu and Ningxia to the west.","extract_html":"Shaanxi is a province in Northwestern China. It borders the province-level divisions of Inner Mongolia to the north; Shanxi and Henan to the east; Hubei, Chongqing, and Sichuan to the south; and Gansu and Ningxia to the west.
","normalizedtitle":"Shaanxi"}],"year":1556},{"text":"The Hongwu Emperor (pictured) ascended the throne, initiating the Ming dynasty, which would rule China for three centuries.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Hongwu_Emperor","displaytitle":"Hongwu Emperor","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q9957","titles":{"canonical":"Hongwu_Emperor","normalized":"Hongwu Emperor","display":"Hongwu Emperor"},"pageid":163029,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Ming_Taizu.jpg/330px-Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Ming_Taizu.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":537},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Ming_Taizu.jpg/3840px-Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Ming_Taizu.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":13906,"height":22644},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372891444","tid":"8735e425-a70f-11f1-a01d-ac2e4d365176","timestamp":"2026-09-02T20:47:36Z","description":"Emperor of China from 1368 to 1398","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hongwu_Emperor"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Hongwu_Emperor","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hongwu_Emperor"}},"extract":"The Hongwu Emperor, personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from 1368 to 1398.","extract_html":"The Hongwu Emperor, personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from 1368 to 1398.
","normalizedtitle":"Hongwu Emperor"},{"type":"standard","title":"Ming_dynasty","displaytitle":"Ming dynasty","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q9903","titles":{"canonical":"Ming_dynasty","normalized":"Ming dynasty","display":"Ming dynasty"},"pageid":43449,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_Ming_Chinese_empire_1415_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/330px-Map_of_Ming_Chinese_empire_1415_%28cropped_2%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":395},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Map_of_Ming_Chinese_empire_1415_%28cropped_2%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1220,"height":1460},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367322217","tid":"d40074c2-8e60-11f1-a3a5-039d4469bb6f","timestamp":"2026-08-02T10:56:35Z","description":"Imperial dynasty of China (1368–1644)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ming_dynasty"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ming_dynasty","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ming_dynasty"}},"extract":"The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng, numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family, collectively called the Southern Ming, survived until 1662.","extract_html":"The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng, numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family, collectively called the Southern Ming, survived until 1662.
","normalizedtitle":"Ming dynasty"}],"year":1368},{"text":"King Louis IX of France issued the Mise of Amiens, a settlement between King Henry III of England and barons led by Simon de Montfort heavily favouring the former, which later led to the Second Barons' War.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Louis_IX_of_France","displaytitle":"Louis IX of France","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q346","titles":{"canonical":"Louis_IX_of_France","normalized":"Louis IX of France","display":"Louis IX of France"},"pageid":18549,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Saintlouis_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Saintlouis_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":480},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Saintlouis_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":849,"height":1234},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374063461","tid":"0e7fded9-ac69-11f1-884a-6ae33d2ee589","timestamp":"2026-09-09T16:11:04Z","description":"King of France from 1226 to 1270","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Louis_IX_of_France"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Louis_IX_of_France","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Louis_IX_of_France"}},"extract":"Louis IX, also known as Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death in 1270. He is widely recognized as the most distinguished of the Direct Capetians, is the sole king of France to be canonised as a saint of the Catholic Church, and is also the direct ancestor of all subsequent French kings. Following the death of his father, Louis VIII, he was crowned in Reims at the age of 12. His mother, Blanche of Castile, effectively ruled the kingdom as regent until he came of age, and continued to serve as his trusted adviser until her death.","extract_html":"Louis IX, also known as Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death in 1270. He is widely recognized as the most distinguished of the Direct Capetians, is the sole king of France to be canonised as a saint of the Catholic Church, and is also the direct ancestor of all subsequent French kings. Following the death of his father, Louis VIII, he was crowned in Reims at the age of 12. His mother, Blanche of Castile, effectively ruled the kingdom as regent until he came of age, and continued to serve as his trusted adviser until her death.
","normalizedtitle":"Louis IX of France"},{"type":"standard","title":"Mise_of_Amiens","displaytitle":"Mise of Amiens","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1285054","titles":{"canonical":"Mise_of_Amiens","normalized":"Mise of Amiens","display":"Mise of Amiens"},"pageid":24068910,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Rouget_-_Saint_Louis_m%C3%A9diateur_entre_le_roi_d%27Angleterre_et_ses_barons_%2823_janvier_1264%29.jpg/330px-Rouget_-_Saint_Louis_m%C3%A9diateur_entre_le_roi_d%27Angleterre_et_ses_barons_%2823_janvier_1264%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":210},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Rouget_-_Saint_Louis_m%C3%A9diateur_entre_le_roi_d%27Angleterre_et_ses_barons_%2823_janvier_1264%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":745,"height":475},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1323078775","tid":"151858f3-c55e-11f0-95c2-aa7227b207de","timestamp":"2025-11-19T15:40:32Z","description":"1264 English political settlement","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_of_Amiens","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_of_Amiens?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_of_Amiens?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mise_of_Amiens"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_of_Amiens","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Mise_of_Amiens","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_of_Amiens?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mise_of_Amiens"}},"extract":"The Mise of Amiens was a settlement given by King Louis IX of France on 23 January 1264 in the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons, led by Simon de Montfort. Louis' one-sided decision for King Henry led directly to the hostilities of the Second Barons' War.","extract_html":"The Mise of Amiens was a settlement given by King Louis IX of France on 23 January 1264 in the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons, led by Simon de Montfort. Louis' one-sided decision for King Henry led directly to the hostilities of the Second Barons' War.
","normalizedtitle":"Mise of Amiens"},{"type":"standard","title":"Henry_III_of_England","displaytitle":"Henry III of England","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q160311","titles":{"canonical":"Henry_III_of_England","normalized":"Henry III of England","display":"Henry III of England"},"pageid":46591,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/HenryIII.jpg/330px-HenryIII.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":372},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/HenryIII.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":710,"height":800},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1362988767","tid":"60eb1894-79fa-11f1-b874-55f65d440277","timestamp":"2026-07-07T11:52:50Z","description":"King of England from 1216 to 1272","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Henry_III_of_England"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Henry_III_of_England","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Henry_III_of_England"}},"extract":"Henry III, also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272.","extract_html":"Henry III, also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272.
","normalizedtitle":"Henry III of England"},{"type":"standard","title":"Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester","displaytitle":"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q310092","titles":{"canonical":"Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester","normalized":"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester","display":"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester"},"pageid":48925,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Simon_Leicester.jpg/330px-Simon_Leicester.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":403},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Simon_Leicester.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1124,"height":1373},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373684169","tid":"1d636650-aa98-11f1-857d-ab52e7db8309","timestamp":"2026-09-07T08:42:53Z","description":"English nobleman and rebel (c.1208 – 1265)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester"}},"extract":"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, 1st Earl of Chester, also known as Simon V de Montfort, was an English nobleman of French origin and a member of the English peerage, who led the baronial opposition to the rule of King Henry III, culminating in the Second Barons' War. Following his initial victories over royal forces, he became de facto ruler of England, and played a major role in the constitutional development of England.","extract_html":"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, 1st Earl of Chester, also known as Simon V de Montfort, was an English nobleman of French origin and a member of the English peerage, who led the baronial opposition to the rule of King Henry III, culminating in the Second Barons' War. Following his initial victories over royal forces, he became de facto ruler of England, and played a major role in the constitutional development of England.
","normalizedtitle":"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester"},{"type":"standard","title":"Second_Barons'_War","displaytitle":"Second Barons' War","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q657967","titles":{"canonical":"Second_Barons'_War","normalized":"Second Barons' War","display":"Second Barons' War"},"pageid":990923,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Civil_War_in_England.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":263,"height":279},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Civil_War_in_England.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":263,"height":279},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370735837","tid":"b5dbd1ae-9e6a-11f1-acc8-546d11775005","timestamp":"2026-08-22T20:47:38Z","description":"1264–67 civil war in England","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Barons'_War","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Barons'_War?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Barons'_War?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Second_Barons'_War"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Barons'_War","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Second_Barons'_War","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Barons'_War?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Second_Barons'_War"}},"extract":"The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of barons led by Simon de Montfort against the royalist forces of King Henry III, led initially by the king himself and later by his son, the future King Edward I. The barons sought to force the king to rule with a council of barons, rather than through his favourites. To bolster the initial success of his baronial regime, de Montfort sought to broaden the social foundations of parliament by extending the franchise to the commons for the first time. However, after a rule of just over a year, de Montfort was killed by forces loyal to the king at the Battle of Evesham. The war also involved a series of massacres of Jews by some of de Montfort's supporters in attacks aimed at seizing and destroying evidence of baronial debts.","extract_html":"The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of barons led by Simon de Montfort against the royalist forces of King Henry III, led initially by the king himself and later by his son, the future King Edward I. The barons sought to force the king to rule with a council of barons, rather than through his favourites. To bolster the initial success of his baronial regime, de Montfort sought to broaden the social foundations of parliament by extending the franchise to the commons for the first time. However, after a rule of just over a year, de Montfort was killed by forces loyal to the king at the Battle of Evesham. The war also involved a series of massacres of Jews by some of de Montfort's supporters in attacks aimed at seizing and destroying evidence of baronial debts.
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","normalizedtitle":"Ruben Loftus-Cheek"}],"year":1996},{"text":"Addison Russell, American baseball player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Addison_Russell","displaytitle":"Addison Russell","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4681280","titles":{"canonical":"Addison_Russell","normalized":"Addison Russell","display":"Addison Russell"},"pageid":37795439,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Addison_Russell_2017.jpg/330px-Addison_Russell_2017.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":468},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Addison_Russell_2017.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2228,"height":3158},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371511250","tid":"57c92bb8-a19b-11f1-8d2a-0eed61d8a5e7","timestamp":"2026-08-26T22:13:19Z","description":"American baseball player (born 1994)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison_Russell","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison_Russell?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison_Russell?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Addison_Russell"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison_Russell","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Addison_Russell","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addison_Russell?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Addison_Russell"}},"extract":"Addison Wayne Russell is an American professional baseball shortstop for the Leones de Yucatán of the Mexican League. Russell was drafted 11th overall by the Oakland Athletics in the 2012 Major League Baseball draft. He was traded to the Chicago Cubs in 2014. In 2015, Baseball America listed Russell as the third-best prospect in professional baseball. He made his MLB debut with the Cubs in April 2015 and was an All-Star in 2016. That same year, Russell won the World Series with the Cubs. He has previously played in the KBO League for the Kiwoom Heroes.","extract_html":"Addison Wayne Russell is an American professional baseball shortstop for the Leones de Yucatán of the Mexican League. Russell was drafted 11th overall by the Oakland Athletics in the 2012 Major League Baseball draft. He was traded to the Chicago Cubs in 2014. In 2015, Baseball America listed Russell as the third-best prospect in professional baseball. He made his MLB debut with the Cubs in April 2015 and was an All-Star in 2016. That same year, Russell won the World Series with the Cubs. He has previously played in the KBO League for the Kiwoom Heroes.
","normalizedtitle":"Addison Russell"}],"year":1994},{"text":"Reina Triendl, Japanese model and actress","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Reina_Triendl","displaytitle":"Reina Triendl","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q9049948","titles":{"canonical":"Reina_Triendl","normalized":"Reina Triendl","display":"Reina Triendl"},"pageid":41306566,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372659467","tid":"3d74ceff-a62d-11f1-bd03-f882eae3f696","timestamp":"2026-09-01T17:47:46Z","description":"Austrian-Japanese model, tarento, and actress","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reina_Triendl","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reina_Triendl?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reina_Triendl?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Reina_Triendl"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reina_Triendl","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Reina_Triendl","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reina_Triendl?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Reina_Triendl"}},"extract":"Reina Triendl is an Austrian-Japanese model, tarento, and actress.","extract_html":"Reina Triendl is an Austrian-Japanese model, tarento, and actress.
","normalizedtitle":"Reina Triendl"}],"year":1992},{"text":"Steve Birnbaum, American soccer player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Steve_Birnbaum","displaytitle":"Steve Birnbaum","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q16157893","titles":{"canonical":"Steve_Birnbaum","normalized":"Steve Birnbaum","display":"Steve Birnbaum"},"pageid":42413592,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Steve_Birnbaum_DC_United.JPG/330px-Steve_Birnbaum_DC_United.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":439},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Steve_Birnbaum_DC_United.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1745,"height":2321},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1358004205","tid":"34ae52d6-613b-11f1-90d2-fad6e05fcfbb","timestamp":"2026-06-06T00:03:54Z","description":"American soccer player (born 1991)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Birnbaum","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Birnbaum?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Birnbaum?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Steve_Birnbaum"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Birnbaum","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Steve_Birnbaum","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Birnbaum?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Steve_Birnbaum"}},"extract":"Steven Mitchell Birnbaum is an American former professional soccer player who is currently the sporting director for DC Power FC in the USL Super League. He was captain of and played as a center-back for D.C. United for the majority of his professional career.\nBirnbaum started every game for D.C. United in the 2018 season. In 2018 he played every minute in all 34 regular season games, and led Major League Soccer in total clearances, headed clearances, and aerials won, and in 2019 he again led the league in headed clearances and aerials won.","extract_html":"Steven Mitchell Birnbaum is an American former professional soccer player who is currently the sporting director for DC Power FC in the USL Super League. He was captain of and played as a center-back for D.C. United for the majority of his professional career.\nBirnbaum started every game for D.C. United in the 2018 season. In 2018 he played every minute in all 34 regular season games, and led Major League Soccer in total clearances, headed clearances, and aerials won, and in 2019 he again led the league in headed clearances and aerials won.
","normalizedtitle":"Steve Birnbaum"}],"year":1991},{"text":"Alex Silva, Canadian wrestler","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Alex_Silva_(wrestler)","displaytitle":"Alex Silva (wrestler)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q902667","titles":{"canonical":"Alex_Silva_(wrestler)","normalized":"Alex Silva (wrestler)","display":"Alex Silva (wrestler)"},"pageid":33759166,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366984510","tid":"05cedba0-8ca9-11f1-80e9-a8c7a78b7436","timestamp":"2026-07-31T06:28:20Z","description":"Canadian professional wrestler (born 1990)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Silva_(wrestler)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Silva_(wrestler)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Silva_(wrestler)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alex_Silva_(wrestler)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Silva_(wrestler)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Alex_Silva_(wrestler)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Silva_(wrestler)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alex_Silva_(wrestler)"}},"extract":"Alexander Freitas is a Canadian professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he is a former Impact Gut Check Winner under the ring name Alex Silva.","extract_html":"Alexander Freitas is a Canadian professional wrestler. He is best known for his time in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), where he is a former Impact Gut Check Winner under the ring name Alex Silva.
","normalizedtitle":"Alex Silva (wrestler)"}],"year":1990},{"text":"Leo Komarov, Estonian-Finnish ice hockey player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Leo_Komarov","displaytitle":"Leo Komarov","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q928815","titles":{"canonical":"Leo_Komarov","normalized":"Leo Komarov","display":"Leo Komarov"},"pageid":4662437,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Leo_Komarov_2012-12-21.jpg/330px-Leo_Komarov_2012-12-21.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":495},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Leo_Komarov_2012-12-21.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":667,"height":1000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366744785","tid":"30d00807-8ba5-11f1-ac16-fbf4dff2ab3a","timestamp":"2026-07-29T23:28:23Z","description":"Finnish ice hockey player (born 1987)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Komarov","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Komarov?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Komarov?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Leo_Komarov"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Komarov","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Leo_Komarov","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Komarov?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Leo_Komarov"}},"extract":"Leonid Aleksandrovich Komarov is an Estonian-born Finnish professional ice hockey player who is a forward for Kiekko-Espoo of the Liiga.","extract_html":"Leonid Aleksandrovich Komarov is an Estonian-born Finnish professional ice hockey player who is a forward for Kiekko-Espoo of the Liiga.
","normalizedtitle":"Leo Komarov"}],"year":1987},{"text":"Gelete Burka, Ethiopian runner","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Gelete_Burka","displaytitle":"Gelete Burka","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q270241","titles":{"canonical":"Gelete_Burka","normalized":"Gelete Burka","display":"Gelete Burka"},"pageid":2741446,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Gelete_Burka_Hengelo_2009.JPG/330px-Gelete_Burka_Hengelo_2009.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":258},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Gelete_Burka_Hengelo_2009.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":640,"height":500},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364563412","tid":"c384a580-81a6-11f1-9472-c8edef73bea9","timestamp":"2026-07-17T06:14:27Z","description":"Ethiopian runner (born 1986)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelete_Burka","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelete_Burka?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelete_Burka?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gelete_Burka"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelete_Burka","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Gelete_Burka","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelete_Burka?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gelete_Burka"}},"extract":"Gelete Burka Bati is an Ethiopian middle-distance and long-distance runner. She was born in Kofele in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, the same district as double Olympic champion Haile Gebrselassie.","extract_html":"Gelete Burka Bati is an Ethiopian middle-distance and long-distance runner. She was born in Kofele in the Arsi Zone of the Oromia Region, the same district as double Olympic champion Haile Gebrselassie.
","normalizedtitle":"Gelete Burka"}],"year":1986},{"text":"Marc Laird, Scottish footballer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Marc_Laird","displaytitle":"Marc Laird","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q6755682","titles":{"canonical":"Marc_Laird","normalized":"Marc Laird","display":"Marc Laird"},"pageid":6419346,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366489074","tid":"12acbed5-8a60-11f1-a106-754c2cce6041","timestamp":"2026-07-28T08:41:06Z","description":"Scottish footballer (born 1986)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Laird","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Laird?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Laird?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marc_Laird"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Laird","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Marc_Laird","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Laird?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marc_Laird"}},"extract":"Marc James Peter Laird is a Scottish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Lowland League East club Civil Service Strollers, where he is also assistant manager.","extract_html":"Marc James Peter Laird is a Scottish footballer who plays as a midfielder for Lowland League East club Civil Service Strollers, where he is also assistant manager.
","normalizedtitle":"Marc Laird"}],"year":1986},{"text":"José Enrique, Spanish footballer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"José_Enrique_(footballer,_born_1986)","displaytitle":"José Enrique (footballer, born 1986)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q248890","titles":{"canonical":"José_Enrique_(footballer,_born_1986)","normalized":"José Enrique (footballer, born 1986)","display":"José Enrique (footballer, born 1986)"},"pageid":12483269,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jos%C3%A9_Enrique.jpg/330px-Jos%C3%A9_Enrique.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":587},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Jos%C3%A9_Enrique.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1196,"height":2128},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1326066591","tid":"fcdf625b-d2ef-11f0-bd46-e466764b16df","timestamp":"2025-12-06T22:07:43Z","description":"Spanish footballer (born 1986)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Enrique_(footballer%2C_born_1986)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Enrique_(footballer%2C_born_1986)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Enrique_(footballer%2C_born_1986)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jos%C3%A9_Enrique_(footballer%2C_born_1986)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Enrique_(footballer%2C_born_1986)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jos%C3%A9_Enrique_(footballer%2C_born_1986)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Enrique_(footballer%2C_born_1986)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jos%C3%A9_Enrique_(footballer%2C_born_1986)"}},"extract":"José Enrique Sánchez Díaz, known as José Enrique, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a left-back.","extract_html":"José Enrique Sánchez Díaz, known as José Enrique, is a Spanish former professional footballer who played as a left-back.
","normalizedtitle":"José Enrique (footballer, born 1986)"}],"year":1986},{"text":"Steven Taylor, English footballer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Steven_Taylor_(footballer)","displaytitle":"Steven Taylor (footballer)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q311951","titles":{"canonical":"Steven_Taylor_(footballer)","normalized":"Steven Taylor (footballer)","display":"Steven Taylor (footballer)"},"pageid":1404167,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Steven_Taylor_2016.jpg/330px-Steven_Taylor_2016.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":506},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Steven_Taylor_2016.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1163,"height":1785},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374164397","tid":"e41b3844-acdb-11f1-911a-afc1564ef10f","timestamp":"2026-09-10T05:53:05Z","description":"English footballer (born 1986)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Taylor_(footballer)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Taylor_(footballer)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Taylor_(footballer)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Steven_Taylor_(footballer)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Taylor_(footballer)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Steven_Taylor_(footballer)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Taylor_(footballer)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Steven_Taylor_(footballer)"}},"extract":"Steven Vincent Taylor is an English professional football coach and former player who is the head coach of UAE Third Division League club Desert Falcon. As a defender, he played over 200 games in the Premier League with Newcastle United, in the span of 13 seasons.","extract_html":"Steven Vincent Taylor is an English professional football coach and former player who is the head coach of UAE Third Division League club Desert Falcon. As a defender, he played over 200 games in the Premier League with Newcastle United, in the span of 13 seasons.
","normalizedtitle":"Steven Taylor (footballer)"}],"year":1986},{"text":"Sandro Viletta, Swiss skier","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Sandro_Viletta","displaytitle":"Sandro Viletta","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q181284","titles":{"canonical":"Sandro_Viletta","normalized":"Sandro Viletta","display":"Sandro Viletta"},"pageid":26283893,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/2020-01-10_Men%27s_Super_G_%282020_Winter_Youth_Olympics%29_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%931471.jpg/330px-2020-01-10_Men%27s_Super_G_%282020_Winter_Youth_Olympics%29_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%931471.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":490},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/2020-01-10_Men%27s_Super_G_%282020_Winter_Youth_Olympics%29_by_Sandro_Halank%E2%80%931471.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1912,"height":2838},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365701652","tid":"28805222-86ef-11f1-9678-517f6fbaf199","timestamp":"2026-07-23T23:35:16Z","description":"Swiss alpine skier (born 1986)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandro_Viletta","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandro_Viletta?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandro_Viletta?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Sandro_Viletta"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandro_Viletta","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Sandro_Viletta","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandro_Viletta?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Sandro_Viletta"}},"extract":"Sandro Viletta is a Swiss former World Cup alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist.","extract_html":"Sandro Viletta is a Swiss former World Cup alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist.
","normalizedtitle":"Sandro Viletta"}],"year":1986},{"text":"San E, South Korean rapper","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"San_E","displaytitle":"San E","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7413792","titles":{"canonical":"San_E","normalized":"San E","display":"San E"},"pageid":35120417,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/171014_SAN_E.jpg/330px-171014_SAN_E.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":494},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/171014_SAN_E.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":581,"height":870},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1358781709","tid":"b927187b-651d-11f1-8152-e77ebc9f7d78","timestamp":"2026-06-10T22:42:56Z","description":"South Korean rapper (born 1985)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_E","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_E?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_E?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:San_E"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_E","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/San_E","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_E?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:San_E"}},"extract":"Jung San, more commonly known by his stage name San E (산이), is a South Korean rapper. He debuted in 2010 under JYP Entertainment, where he was the label's first solo rapper. He left the company in 2013 to sign with hip hop label Brand New Music. He left the company in 2018 and established hip hop label FameUs Entertainment in 2019.","extract_html":"Jung San, more commonly known by his stage name San E (산이), is a South Korean rapper. He debuted in 2010 under JYP Entertainment, where he was the label's first solo rapper. He left the company in 2013 to sign with hip hop label Brand New Music. He left the company in 2018 and established hip hop label FameUs Entertainment in 2019.
","normalizedtitle":"San E"}],"year":1985},{"text":"Dong Fangzhuo, Chinese footballer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Dong_Fangzhuo","displaytitle":"Dong Fangzhuo","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q315305","titles":{"canonical":"Dong_Fangzhuo","normalized":"Dong Fangzhuo","display":"Dong Fangzhuo"},"pageid":1906435,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Dong_Fangzhuo_In_Hunan_Billows_%28cropped%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":320,"height":427},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Dong_Fangzhuo_In_Hunan_Billows_%28cropped%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":320,"height":427},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371756676","tid":"9d2b4cec-a2b0-11f1-bb12-5abe6c6e842b","timestamp":"2026-08-28T07:18:06Z","description":"Chinese footballer (born 1985)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Fangzhuo","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Fangzhuo?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Fangzhuo?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Dong_Fangzhuo"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Fangzhuo","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Dong_Fangzhuo","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dong_Fangzhuo?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Dong_Fangzhuo"}},"extract":"Dong Fangzhuo is a Chinese former professional footballer who played as a forward.","extract_html":"Dong Fangzhuo is a Chinese former professional footballer who played as a forward.
","normalizedtitle":"Dong Fangzhuo"}],"year":1985},{"text":"Doutzen Kroes, Dutch model and actress","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Doutzen_Kroes","displaytitle":"Doutzen Kroes","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q108289","titles":{"canonical":"Doutzen_Kroes","normalized":"Doutzen Kroes","display":"Doutzen Kroes"},"pageid":3760457,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Doutzen_Kroes_2012_Shankbone_3_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Doutzen_Kroes_2012_Shankbone_3_%28cropped%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":438},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Doutzen_Kroes_2012_Shankbone_3_%28cropped%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1692,"height":2246},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370931266","tid":"3f080dab-9f2e-11f1-a1df-1e152d2930ad","timestamp":"2026-08-23T20:07:20Z","description":"Dutch fashion model (born 1985)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Doutzen_Kroes"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Doutzen_Kroes","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doutzen_Kroes?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Doutzen_Kroes"}},"extract":"Doutzen Kroes is a Dutch fashion model. She began her modelling career in 2003, in the Netherlands and was quickly sent by her agency to New York where she was cast by lingerie brand Victoria’s Secret. She was a Victoria's Secret Angel from 2008 until 2014, making her the second Dutch to earn the coveted title after Karen Mulder. She has been a brand ambassador for L'Oréal Paris since 2006. Kroes has been one of the highest-paid models, with an estimated income of more than $5 million per year, since 2008. In 2014, she came in second on the Forbes top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $8 million in one year. In 2013, she became the first model to land four different solo international covers of Vogue's September issue in a single year.","extract_html":"Doutzen Kroes is a Dutch fashion model. She began her modelling career in 2003, in the Netherlands and was quickly sent by her agency to New York where she was cast by lingerie brand Victoria’s Secret. She was a Victoria's Secret Angel from 2008 until 2014, making her the second Dutch to earn the coveted title after Karen Mulder. She has been a brand ambassador for L'Oréal Paris since 2006. Kroes has been one of the highest-paid models, with an estimated income of more than $5 million per year, since 2008. In 2014, she came in second on the Forbes top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $8 million in one year. In 2013, she became the first model to land four different solo international covers of Vogue's September issue in a single year.
","normalizedtitle":"Doutzen Kroes"}],"year":1985},{"text":"Yevgeny Lukyanenko, Russian pole vaulter","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Yevgeny_Lukyanenko","displaytitle":"Yevgeny Lukyanenko","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q350995","titles":{"canonical":"Yevgeny_Lukyanenko","normalized":"Yevgeny Lukyanenko","display":"Yevgeny Lukyanenko"},"pageid":18264165,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Yevgeny_Lukyanenko.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":227,"height":317},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Yevgeny_Lukyanenko.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":227,"height":317},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1361803377","tid":"8e57238a-7440-11f1-9846-c8b55debe90b","timestamp":"2026-06-30T05:00:04Z","description":"Russian pole vaulter (born 1985)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Lukyanenko","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Lukyanenko?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Lukyanenko?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Yevgeny_Lukyanenko"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Lukyanenko","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Yevgeny_Lukyanenko","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Lukyanenko?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Yevgeny_Lukyanenko"}},"extract":"Yevgeny Yuryevich Lukyanenko is a Russian pole vaulter.","extract_html":"Yevgeny Yuryevich Lukyanenko is a Russian pole vaulter.
","normalizedtitle":"Yevgeny Lukyanenko"}],"year":1985},{"text":"Aselefech Mergia, Ethiopian runner","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Aselefech_Mergia","displaytitle":"Aselefech Mergia","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q258564","titles":{"canonical":"Aselefech_Mergia","normalized":"Aselefech Mergia","display":"Aselefech Mergia"},"pageid":16682721,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Aselefech_Mergia_6618.jpg/330px-Aselefech_Mergia_6618.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":550},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Aselefech_Mergia_6618.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":600,"height":1000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371593623","tid":"0d23cf38-a1ec-11f1-8740-23cd4f5e5079","timestamp":"2026-08-27T07:51:03Z","description":"Ethiopian marathon runner (born 1985)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aselefech_Mergia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aselefech_Mergia?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aselefech_Mergia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Aselefech_Mergia"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aselefech_Mergia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Aselefech_Mergia","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aselefech_Mergia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Aselefech_Mergia"}},"extract":"Aselefech Mergia Medessa is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in the marathon. She was a bronze medallist in the event at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics. She is a two-time winner of the Dubai Marathon and has finished in the top three at the Paris and London Marathons. She was retrospectively confirmed as the winner of the 2010 London Marathon after the top two were disqualified. Her personal best of 2:19:31 hours is a former Ethiopian record for the distance and places her within the top ten of all time.","extract_html":"Aselefech Mergia Medessa is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who competes in the marathon. She was a bronze medallist in the event at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics. She is a two-time winner of the Dubai Marathon and has finished in the top three at the Paris and London Marathons. She was retrospectively confirmed as the winner of the 2010 London Marathon after the top two were disqualified. Her personal best of 2:19:31 hours is a former Ethiopian record for the distance and places her within the top ten of all time.
","normalizedtitle":"Aselefech Mergia"}],"year":1985},{"text":"Jeff Samardzija, American baseball and football player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Jeff_Samardzija","displaytitle":"Jeff Samardzija","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3176584","titles":{"canonical":"Jeff_Samardzija","normalized":"Jeff Samardzija","display":"Jeff Samardzija"},"pageid":3090127,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Jeff_Samardzija_2018.jpg/330px-Jeff_Samardzija_2018.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":392},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Jeff_Samardzija_2018.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2488,"height":2952},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1349999941","tid":"b5b895a4-3c32-11f1-9a7c-9055322445bb","timestamp":"2026-04-19T20:59:52Z","description":"American baseball player (born 1985)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Samardzija","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Samardzija?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Samardzija?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jeff_Samardzija"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Samardzija","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jeff_Samardzija","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Samardzija?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jeff_Samardzija"}},"extract":"Jeffrey Alan Samardzija, nicknamed \"Shark\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played college baseball and football for the University of Notre Dame, and was recognized as a two-time football All-American playing wide receiver and a two-time Baseball All-American as a pitcher. He was selected by the Chicago Cubs in the fifth round of the 2006 Major League Baseball draft, and made his major-league (MLB) debut in 2008. He played in MLB for the Chicago Cubs from 2008 to 2014, the Oakland Athletics in 2014, the Chicago White Sox in 2015, and the San Francisco Giants from 2016 to 2020. He was an All-Star in 2014.","extract_html":"Jeffrey Alan Samardzija, nicknamed \"Shark\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played college baseball and football for the University of Notre Dame, and was recognized as a two-time football All-American playing wide receiver and a two-time Baseball All-American as a pitcher. He was selected by the Chicago Cubs in the fifth round of the 2006 Major League Baseball draft, and made his major-league (MLB) debut in 2008. He played in MLB for the Chicago Cubs from 2008 to 2014, the Oakland Athletics in 2014, the Chicago White Sox in 2015, and the San Francisco Giants from 2016 to 2020. He was an All-Star in 2014.
","normalizedtitle":"Jeff Samardzija"}],"year":1985},{"text":"Arjen Robben, Dutch footballer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Arjen_Robben","displaytitle":"Arjen Robben","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q43913","titles":{"canonical":"Arjen_Robben","normalized":"Arjen Robben","display":"Arjen Robben"},"pageid":756433,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/2019147183036_2019-05-27_Fussball_1.FC_Kaiserslautern_vs_FC_Bayern_M%C3%BCnchen_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_0196_-_B70I8495_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-2019147183036_2019-05-27_Fussball_1.FC_Kaiserslautern_vs_FC_Bayern_M%C3%BCnchen_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_0196_-_B70I8495_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":391},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/2019147183036_2019-05-27_Fussball_1.FC_Kaiserslautern_vs_FC_Bayern_M%C3%BCnchen_-_Sven_-_1D_X_MK_II_-_0196_-_B70I8495_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3076,"height":3648},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371277700","tid":"549d4303-a0a0-11f1-8c04-176fc48f1061","timestamp":"2026-08-25T16:16:30Z","description":"Dutch association footballer (born 1984)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjen_Robben","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjen_Robben?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjen_Robben?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arjen_Robben"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjen_Robben","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Arjen_Robben","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arjen_Robben?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arjen_Robben"}},"extract":"Arjen Robben is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a winger. Known for his dribbling skills, speed, and long-range shots, he is regarded as one of the best players of his generation and one of the greatest wingers of all time. He ranks second for the all-time Dutch top goalscorers (32) in the UEFA Champions League and is the all-time Dutch top assist provider (19) in the competition.","extract_html":"Arjen Robben is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a winger. Known for his dribbling skills, speed, and long-range shots, he is regarded as one of the best players of his generation and one of the greatest wingers of all time. He ranks second for the all-time Dutch top goalscorers (32) in the UEFA Champions League and is the all-time Dutch top assist provider (19) in the competition.
","normalizedtitle":"Arjen Robben"}],"year":1984},{"text":"Irving Saladino, Panamanian long jumper","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Irving_Saladino","displaytitle":"Irving Saladino","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q310417","titles":{"canonical":"Irving_Saladino","normalized":"Irving Saladino","display":"Irving Saladino"},"pageid":5398957,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Irving_Saladino.jpg/330px-Irving_Saladino.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":558},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Irving_Saladino.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1344,"height":2271},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364199847","tid":"a8753169-7ffa-11f1-8716-60a9cfe76e2f","timestamp":"2026-07-15T03:09:57Z","description":"Panamanian long jumper","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Saladino","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Saladino?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Saladino?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Irving_Saladino"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Saladino","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Irving_Saladino","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Saladino?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Irving_Saladino"}},"extract":"Irving Jahir Saladino Aranda is a Panamanian former long jumper. He was Olympic champion, having won at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and remains Panama's first and only Olympic gold medalist. He was world champion in the long jump in 2007. He represented his country at three consecutive Olympics, from 2004 to 2012, and competed at four World Championships in Athletics from 2005 to 2011.","extract_html":"Irving Jahir Saladino Aranda is a Panamanian former long jumper. He was Olympic champion, having won at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and remains Panama's first and only Olympic gold medalist. He was world champion in the long jump in 2007. He represented his country at three consecutive Olympics, from 2004 to 2012, and competed at four World Championships in Athletics from 2005 to 2011.
","normalizedtitle":"Irving Saladino"}],"year":1983},{"text":"Oceana Mahlmann, German singer and songwriter","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Oceana_(singer)","displaytitle":"Oceana (singer)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q77041","titles":{"canonical":"Oceana_(singer)","normalized":"Oceana (singer)","display":"Oceana (singer)"},"pageid":25446504,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/NPP_Oceana_MC-214retu.JPG/330px-NPP_Oceana_MC-214retu.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":495},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/NPP_Oceana_MC-214retu.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3744,"height":5616},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371298808","tid":"5cb5b1c9-a0b9-11f1-93f6-f58899a4d421","timestamp":"2026-08-25T19:15:41Z","description":"German singer (born 1982)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceana_(singer)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceana_(singer)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceana_(singer)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Oceana_(singer)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceana_(singer)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Oceana_(singer)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceana_(singer)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Oceana_(singer)"}},"extract":"Oceana Mahlmann is a German singer. Her musical roots are embedded in soul, reggae, hip hop, and funk.","extract_html":"Oceana Mahlmann is a German singer. Her musical roots are embedded in soul, reggae, hip hop, and funk.
","normalizedtitle":"Oceana (singer)"}],"year":1982},{"text":"Wily Mo Peña, Dominican baseball player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Wily_Mo_Peña","displaytitle":"Wily Mo Peña","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1059455","titles":{"canonical":"Wily_Mo_Peña","normalized":"Wily Mo Peña","display":"Wily Mo Peña"},"pageid":1782694,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/W_pena20150524.jpg/330px-W_pena20150524.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/W_pena20150524.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1915,"height":2553},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368597508","tid":"a6668e94-9457-11f1-97dc-cd93d1004b49","timestamp":"2026-08-10T01:06:00Z","description":"Dominican baseball player (born 1982)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wily_Mo_Pe%C3%B1a","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wily_Mo_Pe%C3%B1a?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wily_Mo_Pe%C3%B1a?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wily_Mo_Pe%C3%B1a"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wily_Mo_Pe%C3%B1a","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Wily_Mo_Pe%C3%B1a","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wily_Mo_Pe%C3%B1a?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wily_Mo_Pe%C3%B1a"}},"extract":"Wily Modesto Peña Gutierrez is a Dominican former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cincinnati Reds, Boston Red Sox, Washington Nationals, Arizona Diamondbacks and Seattle Mariners, and in NPB for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks and Orix Buffaloes. At 6 feet, 3 inches in height and nearly 300 pounds, the right-handed batting and throwing Peña is considered a pure power hitter best known for his long-distance home runs and high strikeout rate.","extract_html":"Wily Modesto Peña Gutierrez is a Dominican former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Cincinnati Reds, Boston Red Sox, Washington Nationals, Arizona Diamondbacks and Seattle Mariners, and in NPB for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks and Orix Buffaloes. At 6 feet, 3 inches in height and nearly 300 pounds, the right-handed batting and throwing Peña is considered a pure power hitter best known for his long-distance home runs and high strikeout rate.
","normalizedtitle":"Wily Mo Peña"}],"year":1982},{"text":"Andrew Rock, American sprinter","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Andrew_Rock","displaytitle":"Andrew Rock","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q506999","titles":{"canonical":"Andrew_Rock","normalized":"Andrew Rock","display":"Andrew Rock"},"pageid":2589812,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370175548","tid":"0ccd764e-9bdf-11f1-b7e4-ba1fc7e39c4b","timestamp":"2026-08-19T15:02:52Z","description":"American sprinter (born 1982)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Rock","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Rock?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Rock?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Andrew_Rock"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Rock","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Andrew_Rock","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Rock?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Andrew_Rock"}},"extract":"Andrew Rock is an American sprinter who specializes in the 400 meter dash.","extract_html":"Andrew Rock is an American sprinter who specializes in the 400 meter dash.
","normalizedtitle":"Andrew Rock"}],"year":1982},{"text":"Rob Friend, Canadian soccer player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Rob_Friend","displaytitle":"Rob Friend","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q128870","titles":{"canonical":"Rob_Friend","normalized":"Rob Friend","display":"Rob Friend"},"pageid":2445669,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Rob_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Rob_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":438},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Rob_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1091,"height":1449},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1351858589","tid":"3fc3f238-44ae-11f1-943e-78efc49ee55b","timestamp":"2026-04-30T16:04:21Z","description":"Canadian Soccer Player (born 1981)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Friend","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Friend?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Friend?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rob_Friend"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Friend","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Rob_Friend","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Friend?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rob_Friend"}},"extract":"Robert Douglas Friend is a Canadian former professional soccer player, the president and co-founder of Vancouver FC, the CEO and co-founder of Pacific FC, the founder of Toca Football Canada, the co-founder of Canadian Premier League, the managing partner of SixFive Sport Fund also DRG Investment Group, and currently appointed as chief executive officer for Malaysia national team.","extract_html":"Robert Douglas Friend is a Canadian former professional soccer player, the president and co-founder of Vancouver FC, the CEO and co-founder of Pacific FC, the founder of Toca Football Canada, the co-founder of Canadian Premier League, the managing partner of SixFive Sport Fund also DRG Investment Group, and currently appointed as chief executive officer for Malaysia national team.
","normalizedtitle":"Rob Friend"}],"year":1981},{"text":"Julia Jones, American actress","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Julia_Jones","displaytitle":"Julia Jones","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q239240","titles":{"canonical":"Julia_Jones","normalized":"Julia Jones","display":"Julia Jones"},"pageid":25257774,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Julia_Jones_at_the_2024_Toronto_International_Film_Festival_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Julia_Jones_at_the_2024_Toronto_International_Film_Festival_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":429},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Julia_Jones_at_the_2024_Toronto_International_Film_Festival_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2000,"height":2600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374220391","tid":"8ebf44dd-ad34-11f1-91d7-503939ae1025","timestamp":"2026-09-10T16:27:47Z","description":"American actress (born 1981)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Jones","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Jones?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Jones?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Julia_Jones"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Jones","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Julia_Jones","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Jones?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Julia_Jones"}},"extract":"Julia Jones is an American actress. She is best known for playing Leah Clearwater in The Twilight Saga film series and Angela Bishop in the television series Dexter: New Blood, and for guest starring as Kohana in \"Kiksuya\", acclaimed as one of the best episodes in the four-year run of the series Westworld.","extract_html":"Julia Jones is an American actress. She is best known for playing Leah Clearwater in The Twilight Saga film series and Angela Bishop in the television series Dexter: New Blood, and for guest starring as Kohana in \"Kiksuya\", acclaimed as one of the best episodes in the four-year run of the series Westworld.
","normalizedtitle":"Julia Jones"}],"year":1981},{"text":"Scott Hannan, Canadian ice hockey player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Scott_Hannan","displaytitle":"Scott Hannan","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1342406","titles":{"canonical":"Scott_Hannan","normalized":"Scott Hannan","display":"Scott Hannan"},"pageid":2397597,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Scott_Hannan_face.jpg/330px-Scott_Hannan_face.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Scott_Hannan_face.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":448,"height":298},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366233316","tid":"6d54f7ae-894c-11f1-96ac-0c240ca6f8d9","timestamp":"2026-07-26T23:47:57Z","description":"Canadian ice hockey player (born 1979)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Hannan","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Hannan?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Hannan?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Scott_Hannan"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Hannan","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Scott_Hannan","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Hannan?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Scott_Hannan"}},"extract":"Kenneth Scott Hannan is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Hannan was born in Richmond, British Columbia, but grew up in Surrey, British Columbia.","extract_html":"Kenneth Scott Hannan is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player. Hannan was born in Richmond, British Columbia, but grew up in Surrey, British Columbia.
","normalizedtitle":"Scott Hannan"}],"year":1979},{"text":"Larry Hughes, American basketball player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Larry_Hughes","displaytitle":"Larry Hughes","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q725890","titles":{"canonical":"Larry_Hughes","normalized":"Larry Hughes","display":"Larry Hughes"},"pageid":1373516,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Larry_Hughes_Apr_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Larry_Hughes_Apr_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":386},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Larry_Hughes_Apr_2007_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":932,"height":1090},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366452672","tid":"0f4d102f-8a2f-11f1-9a78-c9ae411cc434","timestamp":"2026-07-28T02:50:15Z","description":"American basketball player (born 1979)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Hughes","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Hughes?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Hughes?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Larry_Hughes"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Hughes","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Larry_Hughes","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Hughes?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Larry_Hughes"}},"extract":"Larry Darnell Hughes Sr. is an American former professional basketball player. Hughes played for eight different teams during his 14-year career in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Hughes played collegiately for the Saint Louis Billikens for one season before being selected with the eighth overall pick in the 1998 NBA draft. Hughes is the founder of the Larry Hughes Basketball Academy.","extract_html":"Larry Darnell Hughes Sr. is an American former professional basketball player. Hughes played for eight different teams during his 14-year career in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Hughes played collegiately for the Saint Louis Billikens for one season before being selected with the eighth overall pick in the 1998 NBA draft. Hughes is the founder of the Larry Hughes Basketball Academy.
","normalizedtitle":"Larry Hughes"}],"year":1979},{"text":"Dawn O'Porter, Scottish-English fashion designer and journalist","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Dawn_O'Porter","displaytitle":"Dawn O'Porter","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1178794","titles":{"canonical":"Dawn_O'Porter","normalized":"Dawn O'Porter","display":"Dawn O'Porter"},"pageid":12294297,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372547798","tid":"2948b713-a5c4-11f1-bb0a-5bd307b92886","timestamp":"2026-09-01T05:15:35Z","description":"British writer, director, and television presenter (born 1979)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_O'Porter","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_O'Porter?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_O'Porter?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Dawn_O'Porter"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_O'Porter","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Dawn_O'Porter","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_O'Porter?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Dawn_O'Porter"}},"extract":"Dawn O'Porter is a British writer, director, and television presenter.","extract_html":"Dawn O'Porter is a British writer, director, and television presenter.
","normalizedtitle":"Dawn O'Porter"}],"year":1979},{"text":"Juan Rincón, Venezuelan baseball player and coach","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Juan_Rincón","displaytitle":"Juan Rincón","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3187779","titles":{"canonical":"Juan_Rincón","normalized":"Juan Rincón","display":"Juan Rincón"},"pageid":713815,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/686_Juan_Rinc%C3%B3n.jpg/330px-686_Juan_Rinc%C3%B3n.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":321},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/686_Juan_Rinc%C3%B3n.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1927,"height":1875},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1302499585","tid":"c7b32307-6993-11f0-9edc-b8ba8b5b5153","timestamp":"2025-07-25T20:13:08Z","description":"Venezuelan baseball player (born 1979)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Rinc%C3%B3n","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Rinc%C3%B3n?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Rinc%C3%B3n?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Juan_Rinc%C3%B3n"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Rinc%C3%B3n","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Juan_Rinc%C3%B3n","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Rinc%C3%B3n?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Juan_Rinc%C3%B3n"}},"extract":"Juan Manuel Rincón is a Venezuelan professional baseball coach and former relief pitcher. Rincón bats and throws right-handed. He throws a low 90s fastball and a mid to low 80s slider. In his career, Rincón posted a .208 BAA against left-handed hitters and a .248 BAA against right-handed hitters.","extract_html":"Juan Manuel Rincón is a Venezuelan professional baseball coach and former relief pitcher. Rincón bats and throws right-handed. He throws a low 90s fastball and a mid to low 80s slider. In his career, Rincón posted a .208 BAA against left-handed hitters and a .248 BAA against right-handed hitters.
","normalizedtitle":"Juan Rincón"}],"year":1979},{"text":"Maria Stepanova, Russian basketball player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Maria_Stepanova","displaytitle":"Maria Stepanova","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q294004","titles":{"canonical":"Maria_Stepanova","normalized":"Maria Stepanova","display":"Maria Stepanova"},"pageid":5664375,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Stepanova-Maria.jpg/330px-Stepanova-Maria.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":480},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Stepanova-Maria.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":828,"height":1204},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1357610318","tid":"d54e16da-5f6b-11f1-830f-2c9832d973cd","timestamp":"2026-06-03T16:46:57Z","description":"Russian basketball player (born 1979)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Stepanova","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Stepanova?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Stepanova?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Maria_Stepanova"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Stepanova","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Maria_Stepanova","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Stepanova?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Maria_Stepanova"}},"extract":"Maria Alexandrovna Stepanova is a Russian professional and Olympic basketball player. In the United States, she played for the Phoenix Mercury in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).","extract_html":"Maria Alexandrovna Stepanova is a Russian professional and Olympic basketball player. In the United States, she played for the Phoenix Mercury in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).
","normalizedtitle":"Maria Stepanova"}],"year":1979},{"text":"Brandon Duckworth, American baseball player and scout","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Brandon_Duckworth","displaytitle":"Brandon Duckworth","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2923756","titles":{"canonical":"Brandon_Duckworth","normalized":"Brandon Duckworth","display":"Brandon Duckworth"},"pageid":6173660,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/DSC01570_Brandon_Duckworth.jpg/330px-DSC01570_Brandon_Duckworth.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":534},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/DSC01570_Brandon_Duckworth.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2010,"height":3250},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366273758","tid":"2c1f0df4-8969-11f1-9b6c-6f7a6b80f48d","timestamp":"2026-07-27T03:13:43Z","description":"American baseball player and scout (born 1976)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon_Duckworth","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon_Duckworth?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon_Duckworth?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Brandon_Duckworth"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon_Duckworth","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Brandon_Duckworth","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon_Duckworth?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Brandon_Duckworth"}},"extract":"Brandon J. Duckworth is an American former professional baseball pitcher, who is currently a scout. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, Houston Astros, and Kansas City Royals, and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. Since 2014, Duckworth has worked for the New York Yankees professional scouting department.","extract_html":"Brandon J. Duckworth is an American former professional baseball pitcher, who is currently a scout. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies, Houston Astros, and Kansas City Royals, and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles. Since 2014, Duckworth has worked for the New York Yankees professional scouting department.
","normalizedtitle":"Brandon Duckworth"}],"year":1976},{"text":"Anne Margrethe Hausken, Norwegian orienteering competitor","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Anne_Margrethe_Hausken","displaytitle":"Anne Margrethe Hausken","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q543137","titles":{"canonical":"Anne_Margrethe_Hausken","normalized":"Anne Margrethe Hausken","display":"Anne Margrethe Hausken"},"pageid":14831486,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Anne_Margrethe_Hausken_2008.jpg/330px-Anne_Margrethe_Hausken_2008.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Anne_Margrethe_Hausken_2008.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":600,"height":800},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366346864","tid":"d592eed7-89c3-11f1-a572-07452145edc4","timestamp":"2026-07-27T14:02:42Z","description":"Norwegian orienteer (born 1976)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Margrethe_Hausken","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Margrethe_Hausken?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Margrethe_Hausken?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Anne_Margrethe_Hausken"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Margrethe_Hausken","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Anne_Margrethe_Hausken","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Margrethe_Hausken?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Anne_Margrethe_Hausken"}},"extract":"Anne Margrethe Hausken Nordberg is a Norwegian orienteering competitor, World champion and European champion. She took the overall victory in the 2008 World Cup.","extract_html":"Anne Margrethe Hausken Nordberg is a Norwegian orienteering competitor, World champion and European champion. She took the overall victory in the 2008 World Cup.
","normalizedtitle":"Anne Margrethe Hausken"}],"year":1976},{"text":"Alex Shaffer, American skier","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Alex_Wubbels","displaytitle":"Alex Wubbels","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4717780","titles":{"canonical":"Alex_Wubbels","normalized":"Alex Wubbels","display":"Alex Wubbels"},"pageid":35544254,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1359519631","tid":"db89b138-68ec-11f1-9cc4-72bb89d31d54","timestamp":"2026-06-15T19:03:13Z","description":"American nurse and former Olympian (born 1976)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Wubbels","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Wubbels?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Wubbels?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alex_Wubbels"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Wubbels","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Alex_Wubbels","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex_Wubbels?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alex_Wubbels"}},"extract":"Alexandra Luise Wubbels is an American nurse and former Olympian. As an alpine ski competitor, she was the national champion in both the slalom and giant slalom in 1999, and competed in the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics as Alex Shaffer.","extract_html":"Alexandra Luise Wubbels is an American nurse and former Olympian. As an alpine ski competitor, she was the national champion in both the slalom and giant slalom in 1999, and competed in the 1998 and 2002 Winter Olympics as Alex Shaffer.
","normalizedtitle":"Alex Wubbels"}],"year":1976},{"text":"Phil Dawson, American football player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Phil_Dawson","displaytitle":"Phil Dawson","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3378763","titles":{"canonical":"Phil_Dawson","normalized":"Phil Dawson","display":"Phil Dawson"},"pageid":2187566,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Phil_Dawson_%2848483831791%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Phil_Dawson_%2848483831791%29_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":404},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Phil_Dawson_%2848483831791%29_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2347,"height":2874},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368767230","tid":"35d57466-951c-11f1-ad01-4ec714673af1","timestamp":"2026-08-11T00:33:02Z","description":"American football player (born 1975)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Dawson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Dawson?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Dawson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Phil_Dawson"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Dawson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Phil_Dawson","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Dawson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Phil_Dawson"}},"extract":"Philip Drury Dawson is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker in the National Football League (NFL) for 20 years. Before that he was an All-American college football player for the Texas Longhorns. He signed with the Oakland Raiders as an undrafted free agent in 1998 and spent a season on the Patriots practice squad. He played most of his career with the Cleveland Browns from 1999 to 2012 where he was a Pro Bowler, and has the record for most field goals made for the franchise, passing Hall of Famer Lou Groza in 2010. He also played for the San Francisco 49ers and Arizona Cardinals.","extract_html":"Philip Drury Dawson is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker in the National Football League (NFL) for 20 years. Before that he was an All-American college football player for the Texas Longhorns. He signed with the Oakland Raiders as an undrafted free agent in 1998 and spent a season on the Patriots practice squad. He played most of his career with the Cleveland Browns from 1999 to 2012 where he was a Pro Bowler, and has the record for most field goals made for the franchise, passing Hall of Famer Lou Groza in 2010. He also played for the San Francisco 49ers and Arizona Cardinals.
","normalizedtitle":"Phil Dawson"}],"year":1975},{"text":"Tito Ortiz, American mixed martial artist","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Tito_Ortiz","displaytitle":"Tito Ortiz","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q459809","titles":{"canonical":"Tito_Ortiz","normalized":"Tito Ortiz","display":"Tito Ortiz"},"pageid":169662,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Tito_Ortiz.jpg/330px-Tito_Ortiz.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":413},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Tito_Ortiz.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":504,"height":630},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368890819","tid":"e4c090d6-95aa-11f1-9642-288cfb800980","timestamp":"2026-08-11T17:34:24Z","description":"American mixed martial arts fighter (born 1975)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Ortiz","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Ortiz?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Ortiz?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tito_Ortiz"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Ortiz","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tito_Ortiz","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tito_Ortiz?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tito_Ortiz"}},"extract":"Jacob Christopher \"Tito\" Ortiz is an American former mixed martial artist, politician, and professional boxer, of Mexican descent. He is best known for his career with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he is a former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion, having held the title from April 2000 to September 2003. Along with fighters like Randy Couture and Chuck Liddell, he was one of the sport's early stars. Ortiz ultimately became the biggest pay-per-view draw of 2006 for his fights with Liddell, Forrest Griffin, and Ken Shamrock. On July 7, 2012, Ortiz became the ninth inductee into the UFC Hall of Fame.","extract_html":"Jacob Christopher \"Tito\" Ortiz is an American former mixed martial artist, politician, and professional boxer, of Mexican descent. He is best known for his career with the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where he is a former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion, having held the title from April 2000 to September 2003. Along with fighters like Randy Couture and Chuck Liddell, he was one of the sport's early stars. Ortiz ultimately became the biggest pay-per-view draw of 2006 for his fights with Liddell, Forrest Griffin, and Ken Shamrock. On July 7, 2012, Ortiz became the ninth inductee into the UFC Hall of Fame.
","normalizedtitle":"Tito Ortiz"}],"year":1975},{"text":"Glen Chapple, English cricketer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Glen_Chapple","displaytitle":"Glen Chapple","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5567643","titles":{"canonical":"Glen_Chapple","normalized":"Glen Chapple","display":"Glen Chapple"},"pageid":3514395,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Glen_Chapple_2009.jpg/330px-Glen_Chapple_2009.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":219},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Glen_Chapple_2009.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":640,"height":425},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369519057","tid":"230dc78b-98af-11f1-a82e-9d90df039518","timestamp":"2026-08-15T13:42:20Z","description":"English cricketer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Chapple","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Chapple?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Chapple?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Glen_Chapple"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Chapple","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Glen_Chapple","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen_Chapple?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Glen_Chapple"}},"extract":"Glen Chapple is an English cricket coach and former cricketer. He is an all-rounder, and represented the national team in a One Day International, as well as performing well for Lancashire over many years. He bowled right-arm fast-medium, and is a right-handed batsman. With six first-class centuries to his name, Chapple shares with Mark Pettini the record for fastest first-class century, scored against declaration bowling by Glamorgan in 1993, coming off just 27 balls.","extract_html":"Glen Chapple is an English cricket coach and former cricketer. He is an all-rounder, and represented the national team in a One Day International, as well as performing well for Lancashire over many years. He bowled right-arm fast-medium, and is a right-handed batsman. With six first-class centuries to his name, Chapple shares with Mark Pettini the record for fastest first-class century, scored against declaration bowling by Glamorgan in 1993, coming off just 27 balls.
","normalizedtitle":"Glen Chapple"}],"year":1974},{"text":"Rebekah Elmaloglou, Australian actress","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Rebekah_Elmaloglou","displaytitle":"Rebekah Elmaloglou","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q596776","titles":{"canonical":"Rebekah_Elmaloglou","normalized":"Rebekah Elmaloglou","display":"Rebekah Elmaloglou"},"pageid":4493478,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Neighbours_cast_Meet_and_Greet_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Neighbours_cast_Meet_and_Greet_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":292},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Neighbours_cast_Meet_and_Greet_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Neighbours_cast_Meet_and_Greet_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":703,"height":623},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1361952593","tid":"5b6a6953-74ec-11f1-9961-04cbc28a7e7c","timestamp":"2026-07-01T01:29:52Z","description":"Australian actress (born 1974)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebekah_Elmaloglou","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebekah_Elmaloglou?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebekah_Elmaloglou?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rebekah_Elmaloglou"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebekah_Elmaloglou","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Rebekah_Elmaloglou","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebekah_Elmaloglou?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rebekah_Elmaloglou"}},"extract":"Rebekah Sophie Elmaloglou is an Australian actress, known for her roles as teenage tearaway Sophie Simpson on Home and Away and Terese Willis on Neighbours. She also made guest appearances in E Street, A Country Practice and Pacific Drive. Her film appearances include Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985), Princess Kate (1988) and The Sum of Us (1994).","extract_html":"Rebekah Sophie Elmaloglou is an Australian actress, known for her roles as teenage tearaway Sophie Simpson on Home and Away and Terese Willis on Neighbours. She also made guest appearances in E Street, A Country Practice and Pacific Drive. Her film appearances include Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985), Princess Kate (1988) and The Sum of Us (1994).
","normalizedtitle":"Rebekah Elmaloglou"}],"year":1974},{"text":"Richard T. Slone, English painter","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Richard_T._Slone","displaytitle":"Richard T. Slone","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7329370","titles":{"canonical":"Richard_T._Slone","normalized":"Richard T. Slone","display":"Richard T. Slone"},"pageid":2460196,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/%22Roaring_Lion%22_by_Richard_T._Slone.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":194,"height":270},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/%22Roaring_Lion%22_by_Richard_T._Slone.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":194,"height":270},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364692696","tid":"4443b23b-8240-11f1-98b4-0469f5d02f0d","timestamp":"2026-07-18T00:33:16Z","description":"English painter","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_T._Slone","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_T._Slone?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_T._Slone?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Richard_T._Slone"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_T._Slone","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Richard_T._Slone","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_T._Slone?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Richard_T._Slone"}},"extract":"Richard T. Slone is a British-born artist residing in the United States. He was born in 1974 in Newton-in-Furness, Lancashire, England.","extract_html":"Richard T. Slone is a British-born artist residing in the United States. He was born in 1974 in Newton-in-Furness, Lancashire, England.
","normalizedtitle":"Richard T. Slone"}],"year":1974},{"text":"Tiffani Thiessen, American actress","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Tiffani_Thiessen","displaytitle":"Tiffani Thiessen","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q230045","titles":{"canonical":"Tiffani_Thiessen","normalized":"Tiffani Thiessen","display":"Tiffani Thiessen"},"pageid":29774,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tiffani_Thiessen_%282018%29.jpg/330px-Tiffani_Thiessen_%282018%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":500},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Tiffani_Thiessen_%282018%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":899,"height":1362},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371795525","tid":"9ddfd502-a2e8-11f1-bd97-44ac2f8515ca","timestamp":"2026-08-28T13:58:59Z","description":"American actress (born 1974)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffani_Thiessen","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffani_Thiessen?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffani_Thiessen?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tiffani_Thiessen"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffani_Thiessen","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tiffani_Thiessen","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiffani_Thiessen?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tiffani_Thiessen"}},"extract":"Tiffani Amber Thiessen is an American actress. Her roles as Kelly Kapowski on NBC's Saved by the Bell (1989–1993) and its spin-off media, and as Valerie Malone on Fox's Beverly Hills, 90210 (1994–98) established her as a teen idol of the 1990s. As an adult, she has played Wilhemina 'Billie' Chambers in Fox's Fastlane (2002–2003), Natasha Drew in ABC's What About Brian (2007), Elizabeth Burke in USA Network's White Collar (2009–2014), and Lori Mendoza in Netflix's Alexa & Katie (2018–2020). For the latter, she earned a Daytime Emmy Award nomination.","extract_html":"Tiffani Amber Thiessen is an American actress. Her roles as Kelly Kapowski on NBC's Saved by the Bell (1989–1993) and its spin-off media, and as Valerie Malone on Fox's Beverly Hills, 90210 (1994–98) established her as a teen idol of the 1990s. As an adult, she has played Wilhemina 'Billie' Chambers in Fox's Fastlane (2002–2003), Natasha Drew in ABC's What About Brian (2007), Elizabeth Burke in USA Network's White Collar (2009–2014), and Lori Mendoza in Netflix's Alexa & Katie (2018–2020). For the latter, she earned a Daytime Emmy Award nomination.
","normalizedtitle":"Tiffani Thiessen"}],"year":1974},{"text":"Tomas Holmström, Swedish ice hockey player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Tomas_Holmström","displaytitle":"Tomas Holmström","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1344532","titles":{"canonical":"Tomas_Holmström","normalized":"Tomas Holmström","display":"Tomas Holmström"},"pageid":948312,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tomas_Holmstrom.jpg/330px-Tomas_Holmstrom.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Tomas_Holmstrom.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3264,"height":2448},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366329746","tid":"1e3fad60-89ae-11f1-8756-bd65aa9da85e","timestamp":"2026-07-27T11:27:15Z","description":"Swedish ice hockey player (born 1973)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tomas_Holmstr%C3%B6m"}},"extract":"Bengt Tomas Holmström is a Swedish former professional ice hockey left winger who played his entire National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Detroit Red Wings, with whom he won four Stanley Cup championships; in 1997, 1998, 2002 and 2008.","extract_html":"Bengt Tomas Holmström is a Swedish former professional ice hockey left winger who played his entire National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Detroit Red Wings, with whom he won four Stanley Cup championships; in 1997, 1998, 2002 and 2008.
","normalizedtitle":"Tomas Holmström"}],"year":1973},{"text":"Ewen Bremner, Scottish actor","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Ewen_Bremner","displaytitle":"Ewen Bremner","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q520651","titles":{"canonical":"Ewen_Bremner","normalized":"Ewen Bremner","display":"Ewen Bremner"},"pageid":2428266,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/MJK31286_Ewen_Bremner_%28T2_Trainspotting%2C_Berlinale_2017%29.jpg/330px-MJK31286_Ewen_Bremner_%28T2_Trainspotting%2C_Berlinale_2017%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/MJK31286_Ewen_Bremner_%28T2_Trainspotting%2C_Berlinale_2017%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3620,"height":4827},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372000508","tid":"90a8112b-a3e4-11f1-9e85-d05fc1a1aab1","timestamp":"2026-08-29T20:02:30Z","description":"Scottish actor","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewen_Bremner","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewen_Bremner?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewen_Bremner?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ewen_Bremner"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewen_Bremner","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ewen_Bremner","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewen_Bremner?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ewen_Bremner"}},"extract":"Ewen Bremner is a Scottish actor. His roles have included Shawn Nelson in Black Hawk Down, Julien in Julien Donkey-Boy and Daniel \"Spud\" Murphy in Trainspotting and its 2017 sequel T2 Trainspotting.","extract_html":"Ewen Bremner is a Scottish actor. His roles have included Shawn Nelson in Black Hawk Down, Julien in Julien Donkey-Boy and Daniel \"Spud\" Murphy in Trainspotting and its 2017 sequel T2 Trainspotting.
","normalizedtitle":"Ewen Bremner"}],"year":1972},{"text":"Kevin Mawae, American football player and coach","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Kevin_Mawae","displaytitle":"Kevin Mawae","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3195751","titles":{"canonical":"Kevin_Mawae","normalized":"Kevin Mawae","display":"Kevin Mawae"},"pageid":1278405,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kevin-Mawae-TitansvsPackers-Nov-2-08.jpg/330px-Kevin-Mawae-TitansvsPackers-Nov-2-08.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":421},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Kevin-Mawae-TitansvsPackers-Nov-2-08.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":451,"height":575},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1354133309","tid":"d1009502-4fa1-11f1-a1c4-0215556d8747","timestamp":"2026-05-14T14:33:04Z","description":"American football player and coach (born 1971)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Mawae","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Mawae?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Mawae?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kevin_Mawae"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Mawae","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Kevin_Mawae","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Mawae?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kevin_Mawae"}},"extract":"Kevin James Mawae is an American former professional football player who was a center in the National Football League (NFL) for 16 seasons. Mawae played college football for the LSU Tigers, earning first-team All-SEC honors. He was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the second round of the 1994 NFL draft. After joining the New York Jets in 1998, he received six consecutive Pro Bowl selections and five-first All-Pro honors during his eight seasons with the team. Mawae spent his final four seasons as a member of the Tennessee Titans, extending his Pro Bowl selections to eight and his first-team All-Pro honors to seven. Near the end of his career, he also served two terms as NFLPA president from 2008 to 2012.","extract_html":"Kevin James Mawae is an American former professional football player who was a center in the National Football League (NFL) for 16 seasons. Mawae played college football for the LSU Tigers, earning first-team All-SEC honors. He was selected by the Seattle Seahawks in the second round of the 1994 NFL draft. After joining the New York Jets in 1998, he received six consecutive Pro Bowl selections and five-first All-Pro honors during his eight seasons with the team. Mawae spent his final four seasons as a member of the Tennessee Titans, extending his Pro Bowl selections to eight and his first-team All-Pro honors to seven. Near the end of his career, he also served two terms as NFLPA president from 2008 to 2012.
","normalizedtitle":"Kevin Mawae"}],"year":1971},{"text":"Adam Parore, New Zealand cricketer and mountaineer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Adam_Parore","displaytitle":"Adam Parore","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4679585","titles":{"canonical":"Adam_Parore","normalized":"Adam Parore","display":"Adam Parore"},"pageid":1004272,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Adam_Parore_%28March%2C_2011%29.jpg/330px-Adam_Parore_%28March%2C_2011%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":361},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Adam_Parore_%28March%2C_2011%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1184,"height":1294},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369505330","tid":"cbfff89a-989e-11f1-8947-082a8ba6264e","timestamp":"2026-08-15T11:45:22Z","description":"New Zealand cricketer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Parore","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Parore?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Parore?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Adam_Parore"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Parore","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Adam_Parore","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Parore?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Adam_Parore"}},"extract":"Adam Craig Parore is a New Zealand former wicket-keeper and batsman. He played 78 Test cricket matches for New Zealand and 179 One Day International cricket matches. Parore has been the managing director of financial services firm Adam Parore Mortgages. CoinHQ was also founded by him. Parore was a member of the New Zealand team that won the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy.","extract_html":"Adam Craig Parore is a New Zealand former wicket-keeper and batsman. He played 78 Test cricket matches for New Zealand and 179 One Day International cricket matches. Parore has been the managing director of financial services firm Adam Parore Mortgages. CoinHQ was also founded by him. Parore was a member of the New Zealand team that won the 2000 ICC KnockOut Trophy.
","normalizedtitle":"Adam Parore"}],"year":1971},{"text":"Claire Rankin, Canadian actress","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Claire_Rankin","displaytitle":"Claire Rankin","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2975115","titles":{"canonical":"Claire_Rankin","normalized":"Claire Rankin","display":"Claire Rankin"},"pageid":3863877,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1316903245","tid":"1cef4896-a97b-11f0-9164-41353a87a7e2","timestamp":"2025-10-15T03:57:48Z","description":"Canadian actress (born 1974)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Rankin","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Rankin?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Rankin?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Claire_Rankin"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Rankin","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Claire_Rankin","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_Rankin?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Claire_Rankin"}},"extract":"Claire Rankin is a Canadian actress.","extract_html":"Claire Rankin is a Canadian actress.
","normalizedtitle":"Claire Rankin"}],"year":1971},{"text":"Richard Šmehlík, Czech ice hockey player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Richard_Šmehlík","displaytitle":"Richard Šmehlík","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1373846","titles":{"canonical":"Richard_Šmehlík","normalized":"Richard Šmehlík","display":"Richard Šmehlík"},"pageid":5863647,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364619139","tid":"b00129a9-81f6-11f1-ac15-61f16204a2d5","timestamp":"2026-07-17T15:46:34Z","description":"Czech ice hockey player","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_%C5%A0mehl%C3%ADk","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_%C5%A0mehl%C3%ADk?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_%C5%A0mehl%C3%ADk?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Richard_%C5%A0mehl%C3%ADk"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_%C5%A0mehl%C3%ADk","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Richard_%C5%A0mehl%C3%ADk","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_%C5%A0mehl%C3%ADk?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Richard_%C5%A0mehl%C3%ADk"}},"extract":"Richard Šmehlík is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted in the fifth round, 97th overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1990 NHL entry draft.","extract_html":"Richard Šmehlík is a Czech former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted in the fifth round, 97th overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1990 NHL entry draft.
","normalizedtitle":"Richard Šmehlík"}],"year":1970},{"text":"Spyridon Vasdekis, Greek long jumper","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Spyridon_Vasdekis","displaytitle":"Spyridon Vasdekis","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q119472","titles":{"canonical":"Spyridon_Vasdekis","normalized":"Spyridon Vasdekis","display":"Spyridon Vasdekis"},"pageid":9266732,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371388284","tid":"323f13fc-a108-11f1-9cc2-d540c30d2ba3","timestamp":"2026-08-26T04:40:00Z","description":"Greek long jumper (born 1970)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyridon_Vasdekis","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyridon_Vasdekis?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyridon_Vasdekis?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Spyridon_Vasdekis"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyridon_Vasdekis","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Spyridon_Vasdekis","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyridon_Vasdekis?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Spyridon_Vasdekis"}},"extract":"Spyridon \"Spyros\" Vasdekis is a retired Greek long jumper.","extract_html":"Spyridon \"Spyros\" Vasdekis is a retired Greek long jumper.
","normalizedtitle":"Spyridon Vasdekis"}],"year":1970},{"text":"Andrei Kanchelskis, Ukrainian-Russian footballer and manager","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Andrei_Kanchelskis","displaytitle":"Andrei Kanchelskis","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q312148","titles":{"canonical":"Andrei_Kanchelskis","normalized":"Andrei Kanchelskis","display":"Andrei Kanchelskis"},"pageid":1530110,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Kanchelskis_Andrei.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":300,"height":450},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Kanchelskis_Andrei.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":300,"height":450},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364833784","tid":"6e01e152-82e3-11f1-9b08-3efdc18eb963","timestamp":"2026-07-18T20:01:14Z","description":"Russian association football player and manager","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Kanchelskis","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Kanchelskis?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Kanchelskis?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Andrei_Kanchelskis"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Kanchelskis","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Andrei_Kanchelskis","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Kanchelskis?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Andrei_Kanchelskis"}},"extract":"Andrei Antanasovich Kanchelskis is a Russian professional football coach and former player who currently manages Russian Second League side Dynamo Bryansk. During his playing career, he won two Premier League titles, the FA Cup, the Football League Cup, two FA Charity Shields and the European Super Cup with Manchester United, before going on to win the Scottish Premier League, Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup twice each with Rangers.","extract_html":"Andrei Antanasovich Kanchelskis is a Russian professional football coach and former player who currently manages Russian Second League side Dynamo Bryansk. During his playing career, he won two Premier League titles, the FA Cup, the Football League Cup, two FA Charity Shields and the European Super Cup with Manchester United, before going on to win the Scottish Premier League, Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup twice each with Rangers.
","normalizedtitle":"Andrei Kanchelskis"}],"year":1969},{"text":"Brendan Shanahan, Canadian ice hockey player and actor","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Brendan_Shanahan","displaytitle":"Brendan Shanahan","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q739144","titles":{"canonical":"Brendan_Shanahan","normalized":"Brendan Shanahan","display":"Brendan Shanahan"},"pageid":768107,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/SHANAHAN.jpg/330px-SHANAHAN.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":495},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/SHANAHAN.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3456,"height":5184},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367601836","tid":"6ad84b40-8fa9-11f1-a830-325ccc3b409d","timestamp":"2026-08-04T02:08:43Z","description":"Canadian ice hockey player and executive (born 1969)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Shanahan","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Shanahan?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Shanahan?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Brendan_Shanahan"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Shanahan","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Brendan_Shanahan","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Shanahan?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Brendan_Shanahan"}},"extract":"Brendan Frederick Shanahan is a Canadian professional ice hockey executive and former player. Originally drafted by the New Jersey Devils second overall in the 1987 NHL entry draft, Shanahan played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the New Jersey Devils, St. Louis Blues, Hartford Whalers, Detroit Red Wings, and New York Rangers. Following his retirement, Shanahan served as the director of player safety for the NHL, as well as president and alternate governor of the Toronto Maple Leafs.","extract_html":"Brendan Frederick Shanahan is a Canadian professional ice hockey executive and former player. Originally drafted by the New Jersey Devils second overall in the 1987 NHL entry draft, Shanahan played in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the New Jersey Devils, St. Louis Blues, Hartford Whalers, Detroit Red Wings, and New York Rangers. Following his retirement, Shanahan served as the director of player safety for the NHL, as well as president and alternate governor of the Toronto Maple Leafs.
","normalizedtitle":"Brendan Shanahan"}],"year":1969},{"text":"Susen Tiedtke, German long jumper","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Susen_Tiedtke","displaytitle":"Susen Tiedtke","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q84839","titles":{"canonical":"Susen_Tiedtke","normalized":"Susen Tiedtke","display":"Susen Tiedtke"},"pageid":13721766,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1317999587","tid":"1e79ad05-ae5c-11f0-bea4-8d4db2089d0a","timestamp":"2025-10-21T08:58:32Z","description":"German long jumper","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susen_Tiedtke","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susen_Tiedtke?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susen_Tiedtke?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Susen_Tiedtke"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susen_Tiedtke","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Susen_Tiedtke","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susen_Tiedtke?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Susen_Tiedtke"}},"extract":"Susen Tiedtke is a German former long jumper, who took part in two editions of the Summer Olympics and won a silver and a bronze medal at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics in 1993 and 1995 respectively.","extract_html":"Susen Tiedtke is a German former long jumper, who took part in two editions of the Summer Olympics and won a silver and a bronze medal at the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics in 1993 and 1995 respectively.
","normalizedtitle":"Susen Tiedtke"}],"year":1969},{"text":"Taro Hakase, Japanese violinist and composer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Taro_Hakase","displaytitle":"Taro Hakase","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5357450","titles":{"canonical":"Taro_Hakase","normalized":"Taro Hakase","display":"Taro Hakase"},"pageid":803667,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373231199","tid":"f0923219-a892-11f1-a5a7-b6abf9efd76f","timestamp":"2026-09-04T19:00:48Z","description":"Japanese musician (born 1968)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro_Hakase","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro_Hakase?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro_Hakase?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Taro_Hakase"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro_Hakase","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Taro_Hakase","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro_Hakase?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Taro_Hakase"}},"extract":"Taro Hakase is a Japanese musician who specialises as a violinist and composer.","extract_html":"Taro Hakase is a Japanese musician who specialises as a violinist and composer.
","normalizedtitle":"Taro Hakase"}],"year":1968},{"text":"Petr Korda, Czech-Monégasque tennis player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Petr_Korda","displaytitle":"Petr Korda","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q312717","titles":{"canonical":"Petr_Korda","normalized":"Petr Korda","display":"Petr Korda"},"pageid":1439769,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Petr_Korda_%282024_US_Open%29_01.jpg/330px-Petr_Korda_%282024_US_Open%29_01.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":442},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Petr_Korda_%282024_US_Open%29_01.jpg/1920px-Petr_Korda_%282024_US_Open%29_01.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":2761,"height":3699},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367877838","tid":"e51ae1e2-90ff-11f1-9c13-2ba3d11fd6ad","timestamp":"2026-08-05T19:00:16Z","description":"Czech tennis player (born 1968)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Korda","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Korda?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Korda?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Petr_Korda"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Korda","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Petr_Korda","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Korda?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Petr_Korda"}},"extract":"Petr Korda is a Czech former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 2 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in February 1998. Korda won ten singles titles, including the 1998 Australian Open, and was the runner-up at the 1992 French Open. Korda tested positive for nandrolone in July 1998 at Wimbledon, and was banned from September 1999 for 12 months, retiring from the sport shortly before the ban. He is the father of professional golfers Jessica Korda and Nelly Korda, and of professional tennis player Sebastian Korda.","extract_html":"Petr Korda is a Czech former professional tennis player. He was ranked world No. 2 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) in February 1998. Korda won ten singles titles, including the 1998 Australian Open, and was the runner-up at the 1992 French Open. Korda tested positive for nandrolone in July 1998 at Wimbledon, and was banned from September 1999 for 12 months, retiring from the sport shortly before the ban. He is the father of professional golfers Jessica Korda and Nelly Korda, and of professional tennis player Sebastian Korda.
","normalizedtitle":"Petr Korda"}],"year":1968},{"text":"Owen Cunningham, Australian rugby league player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Owen_Cunningham","displaytitle":"Owen Cunningham","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7114442","titles":{"canonical":"Owen_Cunningham","normalized":"Owen Cunningham","display":"Owen Cunningham"},"pageid":22548140,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1359588836","tid":"c08c604f-692f-11f1-9408-1eb7f07d767c","timestamp":"2026-06-16T03:02:04Z","description":"Australian rugby league footballer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Cunningham","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Cunningham?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Cunningham?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Owen_Cunningham"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Cunningham","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Owen_Cunningham","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen_Cunningham?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Owen_Cunningham"}},"extract":"Owen Cunningham, nicknamed OJ, is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. A Queensland State of Origin representative forward, he played his club football for the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles, North Queensland Cowboys and the Northern Eagles.","extract_html":"Owen Cunningham, nicknamed OJ, is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. A Queensland State of Origin representative forward, he played his club football for the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles, North Queensland Cowboys and the Northern Eagles.
","normalizedtitle":"Owen Cunningham"}],"year":1967},{"text":"Damien Hardman, Australian surfer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Damien_Hardman","displaytitle":"Damien Hardman","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3012780","titles":{"canonical":"Damien_Hardman","normalized":"Damien Hardman","display":"Damien Hardman"},"pageid":49097034,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1302281560","tid":"62730a60-6889-11f0-9102-cb39000a181d","timestamp":"2025-07-24T12:26:12Z","description":"Australian surfer (born 1966)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damien_Hardman","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damien_Hardman?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damien_Hardman?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Damien_Hardman"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damien_Hardman","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Damien_Hardman","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damien_Hardman?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Damien_Hardman"}},"extract":"\n\nDamien Hardman, known as The Iceman, is an Australian former surfer from Sydney. He won the Rip Curl Pro twice in 1988 and 1993, and was runner-up three times in 1989, 1991 and 1997, and in 1987/88 and 1991 he won the ASP World Tour. In 1999, he was inducted into the Australian Surfing Hall of Fame in 1999.","extract_html":"\n\nDamien Hardman, known as The Iceman, is an Australian former surfer from Sydney. He won the Rip Curl Pro twice in 1988 and 1993, and was runner-up three times in 1989, 1991 and 1997, and in 1987/88 and 1991 he won the ASP World Tour. In 1999, he was inducted into the Australian Surfing Hall of Fame in 1999.
","normalizedtitle":"Damien Hardman"}],"year":1966},{"text":"Haywoode Workman, American basketball player and referee","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Haywoode_Workman","displaytitle":"Haywoode Workman","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q366607","titles":{"canonical":"Haywoode_Workman","normalized":"Haywoode Workman","display":"Haywoode Workman"},"pageid":4850899,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Haywoode_Workman_cropped.jpg/330px-Haywoode_Workman_cropped.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":456},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Haywoode_Workman_cropped.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":478,"height":660},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1352682445","tid":"7bdbc5aa-48a5-11f1-bea5-890044a4edbd","timestamp":"2026-05-05T17:11:41Z","description":"American basketball player and referee","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywoode_Workman","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywoode_Workman?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywoode_Workman?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Haywoode_Workman"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywoode_Workman","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Haywoode_Workman","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haywoode_Workman?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Haywoode_Workman"}},"extract":"Haywoode Wilvon Workman is an American former basketball player who is a referee in the National Basketball Association (NBA).","extract_html":"Haywoode Wilvon Workman is an American former basketball player who is a referee in the National Basketball Association (NBA).
","normalizedtitle":"Haywoode Workman"}],"year":1966},{"text":"Louie Clemente, American drummer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Louie_Clemente","displaytitle":"Louie Clemente","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2015449","titles":{"canonical":"Louie_Clemente","normalized":"Louie Clemente","display":"Louie Clemente"},"pageid":3278539,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1301056271","tid":"ff4b1b1d-6354-11f0-b873-885181dcfafb","timestamp":"2025-07-17T21:28:36Z","description":"American drummer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louie_Clemente","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louie_Clemente?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louie_Clemente?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Louie_Clemente"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louie_Clemente","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Louie_Clemente","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louie_Clemente?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Louie_Clemente"}},"extract":"Louie Clemente is a former drummer for the Bay Area thrash metal band Testament. He is known for being a part of Testament's original lineup.","extract_html":"Louie Clemente is a former drummer for the Bay Area thrash metal band Testament. He is known for being a part of Testament's original lineup.
","normalizedtitle":"Louie Clemente"}],"year":1965},{"text":"Jonatha Brooke, American singer-songwriter and guitarist","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Jonatha_Brooke","displaytitle":"Jonatha Brooke","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q437787","titles":{"canonical":"Jonatha_Brooke","normalized":"Jonatha Brooke","display":"Jonatha Brooke"},"pageid":187931,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jonatha14-109Square.jpg/330px-Jonatha14-109Square.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":323},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Jonatha14-109Square.jpg/3840px-Jonatha14-109Square.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4500,"height":4401},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372742298","tid":"d0385cdb-a673-11f1-8355-ffab15199071","timestamp":"2026-09-02T02:12:57Z","description":"American singer-songwriter and musician","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonatha_Brooke","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonatha_Brooke?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonatha_Brooke?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jonatha_Brooke"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonatha_Brooke","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jonatha_Brooke","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonatha_Brooke?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jonatha_Brooke"}},"extract":"Jonatha Brooke is an American folk rock singer-songwriter and guitarist from Massachusetts, United States. Her music merges elements of folk, rock and pop, often with poignant lyrics and complex harmonies. She has been a performer, writer, and artist since the late 1980s, and her songs have been used in television shows and movies.","extract_html":"Jonatha Brooke is an American folk rock singer-songwriter and guitarist from Massachusetts, United States. Her music merges elements of folk, rock and pop, often with poignant lyrics and complex harmonies. She has been a performer, writer, and artist since the late 1980s, and her songs have been used in television shows and movies.
","normalizedtitle":"Jonatha Brooke"}],"year":1964},{"text":"Mariska Hargitay, American actress and producer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Mariska_Hargitay","displaytitle":"Mariska Hargitay","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q275964","titles":{"canonical":"Mariska_Hargitay","normalized":"Mariska Hargitay","display":"Mariska Hargitay"},"pageid":429643,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Mariska_Hargitay_Woodstock_Film_Festival.jpg/330px-Mariska_Hargitay_Woodstock_Film_Festival.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":495},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Mariska_Hargitay_Woodstock_Film_Festival.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":885,"height":1328},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374285320","tid":"96a4d71f-ad80-11f1-8d48-f0ac1b17ce2d","timestamp":"2026-09-11T01:32:02Z","description":"American actress (born 1964)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariska_Hargitay","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariska_Hargitay?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariska_Hargitay?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mariska_Hargitay"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariska_Hargitay","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Mariska_Hargitay","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariska_Hargitay?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mariska_Hargitay"}},"extract":"Mariska Magdolna Hargitay is an American actress. She is best known for playing Olivia Benson on NBC's Law & Order: Special Victims Unit since 1999, the longest-running character of all time in an American primetime drama. Her accolades include three Primetime Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award.","extract_html":"Mariska Magdolna Hargitay is an American actress. She is best known for playing Olivia Benson on NBC's Law & Order: Special Victims Unit since 1999, the longest-running character of all time in an American primetime drama. Her accolades include three Primetime Emmy Awards and a Golden Globe Award.
","normalizedtitle":"Mariska Hargitay"}],"year":1964},{"text":"Bharrat Jagdeo, Guyanese economist and politician, 7th President of Guyana","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Bharrat_Jagdeo","displaytitle":"Bharrat Jagdeo","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q212760","titles":{"canonical":"Bharrat_Jagdeo","normalized":"Bharrat Jagdeo","display":"Bharrat Jagdeo"},"pageid":392422,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Jabdeo_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Jabdeo_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":384},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Jabdeo_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":512,"height":596},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369762252","tid":"1931b30c-99d4-11f1-a182-e9d247c1c9f0","timestamp":"2026-08-17T00:39:26Z","description":"President of Guyana from 1999 to 2011","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharrat_Jagdeo","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharrat_Jagdeo?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharrat_Jagdeo?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bharrat_Jagdeo"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharrat_Jagdeo","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Bharrat_Jagdeo","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharrat_Jagdeo?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bharrat_Jagdeo"}},"extract":"Bharrat Jagdeo is a Guyanese politician who has been serving as Vice President of Guyana since 2020, in the administration of President Irfaan Ali. He had previously also held the office from 1997 until 1999, during the presidency of Janet Jagan. Jagdeo subsequently served as the President of Guyana from 11 August 1999 to 3 December 2011. He also holds a number of global leadership positions in the areas of sustainable development, green growth and climate change.","extract_html":"Bharrat Jagdeo is a Guyanese politician who has been serving as Vice President of Guyana since 2020, in the administration of President Irfaan Ali. He had previously also held the office from 1997 until 1999, during the presidency of Janet Jagan. Jagdeo subsequently served as the President of Guyana from 11 August 1999 to 3 December 2011. He also holds a number of global leadership positions in the areas of sustainable development, green growth and climate change.
","normalizedtitle":"Bharrat Jagdeo"},{"type":"standard","title":"President_of_Guyana","displaytitle":"President of Guyana","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q685925","titles":{"canonical":"President_of_Guyana","normalized":"President of Guyana","display":"President of Guyana"},"pageid":489597,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Presidential_Standard_of_Guyana_-_President_Irfaan_Ali.svg/330px-Presidential_Standard_of_Guyana_-_President_Irfaan_Ali.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":198},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Presidential_Standard_of_Guyana_-_President_Irfaan_Ali.svg/500px-Presidential_Standard_of_Guyana_-_President_Irfaan_Ali.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":480,"height":288},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374094095","tid":"1271275e-ac8c-11f1-ba6f-8b6910862e13","timestamp":"2026-09-09T20:21:43Z","description":"Head of state and head of government of Guyana","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Guyana","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Guyana?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Guyana?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:President_of_Guyana"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Guyana","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/President_of_Guyana","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Guyana?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:President_of_Guyana"}},"extract":"The president of Guyana is the head of state and the head of government of Guyana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic, according to the Constitution of Guyana. The president is also the chancellor of the Orders of Guyana. Concurrent with his constitutional role as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, the president does not appoint a separate minister of defence. That portfolio is held by the president who fulfils all responsibilities designated to a minister of defence under the Defence Act.","extract_html":"The president of Guyana is the head of state and the head of government of Guyana, as well as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic, according to the Constitution of Guyana. The president is also the chancellor of the Orders of Guyana. Concurrent with his constitutional role as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, the president does not appoint a separate minister of defence. That portfolio is held by the president who fulfils all responsibilities designated to a minister of defence under the Defence Act.
","normalizedtitle":"President of Guyana"}],"year":1964},{"text":"Gail O'Grady, American actress","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Gail_O'Grady","displaytitle":"Gail O'Grady","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q270743","titles":{"canonical":"Gail_O'Grady","normalized":"Gail O'Grady","display":"Gail O'Grady"},"pageid":2285110,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Gail_O%27Grady_%281994%29.jpg/330px-Gail_O%27Grady_%281994%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":720},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Gail_O%27Grady_%281994%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":611,"height":1334},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364709591","tid":"91c717d2-824e-11f1-a03c-e46a2d0d7642","timestamp":"2026-07-18T02:15:39Z","description":"American actress (born 1963)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_O'Grady","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_O'Grady?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_O'Grady?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gail_O'Grady"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_O'Grady","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Gail_O'Grady","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_O'Grady?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gail_O'Grady"}},"extract":"Gail Ann O'Grady is an American actress and producer, best known for her roles on television. Her roles include Donna Abandando in the ABC police drama NYPD Blue, and Helen Pryor in the NBC drama series American Dreams. O'Grady is also well known for her lead roles in a number of television movies. She has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award three times.","extract_html":"Gail Ann O'Grady is an American actress and producer, best known for her roles on television. Her roles include Donna Abandando in the ABC police drama NYPD Blue, and Helen Pryor in the NBC drama series American Dreams. O'Grady is also well known for her lead roles in a number of television movies. She has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award three times.
","normalizedtitle":"Gail O'Grady"}],"year":1963},{"text":"David Arnold, English composer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"David_Arnold","displaytitle":"David Arnold","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q346285","titles":{"canonical":"David_Arnold","normalized":"David Arnold","display":"David Arnold"},"pageid":484364,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/David_Arnold_Composer.png/330px-David_Arnold_Composer.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/David_Arnold_Composer.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1000,"height":750},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373572209","tid":"9d4ce906-aa1e-11f1-aa77-04ba71579b32","timestamp":"2026-09-06T18:13:09Z","description":"British film composer (born 1962)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Arnold","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Arnold?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Arnold?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:David_Arnold"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Arnold","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/David_Arnold","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Arnold?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:David_Arnold"}},"extract":"David Arnold is an English film composer whose credits include scoring five James Bond films (1997–2008), as well as Stargate (1994), Independence Day (1996), Godzilla (1998), Shaft (2000), 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003), Four Brothers (2005), Hot Fuzz (2007), and the television series Little Britain and Sherlock. For Independence Day, he received a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television, and for Sherlock, he and co-composer Michael Price won a Creative Arts Emmy for the score of \"His Last Vow\", the final episode in the third series. Arnold scored the BBC / Amazon Prime series Good Omens (2019) adapted by Neil Gaiman from his book Good Omens, written with Terry Pratchett. Arnold is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors.","extract_html":"David Arnold is an English film composer whose credits include scoring five James Bond films (1997–2008), as well as Stargate (1994), Independence Day (1996), Godzilla (1998), Shaft (2000), 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003), Four Brothers (2005), Hot Fuzz (2007), and the television series Little Britain and Sherlock. For Independence Day, he received a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television, and for Sherlock, he and co-composer Michael Price won a Creative Arts Emmy for the score of \"His Last Vow\", the final episode in the third series. Arnold scored the BBC / Amazon Prime series Good Omens (2019) adapted by Neil Gaiman from his book Good Omens, written with Terry Pratchett. Arnold is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors.
","normalizedtitle":"David Arnold"}],"year":1962},{"text":"Aivar Lillevere, Estonian footballer and coach","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Aivar_Lillevere","displaytitle":"Aivar Lillevere","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4699365","titles":{"canonical":"Aivar_Lillevere","normalized":"Aivar Lillevere","display":"Aivar Lillevere"},"pageid":27952301,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1351339750","tid":"46d6cfe6-4222-11f1-9c2e-3d50802e9ac6","timestamp":"2026-04-27T10:17:21Z","description":"Estonian footballer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aivar_Lillevere","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aivar_Lillevere?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aivar_Lillevere?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Aivar_Lillevere"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aivar_Lillevere","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Aivar_Lillevere","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aivar_Lillevere?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Aivar_Lillevere"}},"extract":"Aivar Lillevere is an Estonian football manager and former football player.","extract_html":"Aivar Lillevere is an Estonian football manager and former football player.
","normalizedtitle":"Aivar Lillevere"}],"year":1962},{"text":"Elvira Lindo, Spanish journalist and author","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Elvira_Lindo","displaytitle":"Elvira Lindo","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q237058","titles":{"canonical":"Elvira_Lindo","normalized":"Elvira Lindo","display":"Elvira Lindo"},"pageid":4674017,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Elvira_Lindo_en_Sant_Jordi_2023_%28Barcelona%29.jpg/330px-Elvira_Lindo_en_Sant_Jordi_2023_%28Barcelona%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":495},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Elvira_Lindo_en_Sant_Jordi_2023_%28Barcelona%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1920,"height":2879},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371772323","tid":"8514f66d-a2cb-11f1-9690-d475ca06d81a","timestamp":"2026-08-28T10:30:42Z","description":"Spanish journalist and writer (born 1962)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvira_Lindo","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvira_Lindo?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvira_Lindo?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elvira_Lindo"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvira_Lindo","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Elvira_Lindo","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvira_Lindo?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elvira_Lindo"}},"extract":"Elvira Lindo Garrido is a Spanish journalist and writer.","extract_html":"Elvira Lindo Garrido is a Spanish journalist and writer.
","normalizedtitle":"Elvira Lindo"}],"year":1962},{"text":"Boris McGiver, American actor","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Boris_McGiver","displaytitle":"Boris McGiver","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4945331","titles":{"canonical":"Boris_McGiver","normalized":"Boris McGiver","display":"Boris McGiver"},"pageid":37767464,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Boris_McGiver_2014.jpg/330px-Boris_McGiver_2014.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":472},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Boris_McGiver_2014.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":496,"height":710},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374244891","tid":"136b8ea8-ad50-11f1-8877-91917c7787d9","timestamp":"2026-09-10T19:44:46Z","description":"American actor (born 1962)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_McGiver","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_McGiver?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_McGiver?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Boris_McGiver"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_McGiver","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Boris_McGiver","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_McGiver?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Boris_McGiver"}},"extract":"Boris McGiver is an American actor. He is known for his roles in projects such as Lincoln, House of Cards, The Wire, Killing Kennedy, and Person of Interest.","extract_html":"Boris McGiver is an American actor. He is known for his roles in projects such as Lincoln, House of Cards, The Wire, Killing Kennedy, and Person of Interest.
","normalizedtitle":"Boris McGiver"}],"year":1962},{"text":"Peter Mackenzie, American actor","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Peter_Mackenzie","displaytitle":"Peter Mackenzie","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q10348945","titles":{"canonical":"Peter_Mackenzie","normalized":"Peter Mackenzie","display":"Peter Mackenzie"},"pageid":48858982,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373737460","tid":"99819bd5-aae0-11f1-bfbf-c1683955bcf1","timestamp":"2026-09-07T17:21:45Z","description":"American actor (born 1961)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mackenzie","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mackenzie?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mackenzie?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Peter_Mackenzie"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mackenzie","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Peter_Mackenzie","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mackenzie?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Peter_Mackenzie"}},"extract":"Peter Mackenzie is an American actor.","extract_html":"Peter Mackenzie is an American actor.
","normalizedtitle":"Peter Mackenzie"}],"year":1961},{"text":"Yelena Sinchukova, Russian long jumper","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Yelena_Sinchukova","displaytitle":"Yelena Sinchukova","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q599616","titles":{"canonical":"Yelena_Sinchukova","normalized":"Yelena Sinchukova","display":"Yelena Sinchukova"},"pageid":44537099,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364566997","tid":"9935e508-81ac-11f1-8935-a498a98e86d4","timestamp":"2026-07-17T06:56:13Z","description":"Russian long and triple jumper","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelena_Sinchukova","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelena_Sinchukova?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelena_Sinchukova?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Yelena_Sinchukova"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelena_Sinchukova","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Yelena_Sinchukova","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelena_Sinchukova?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Yelena_Sinchukova"}},"extract":"Yelena Sinchukova is a retired Russian athlete who specialised in the long jump. She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, as well as two World Championships.","extract_html":"Yelena Sinchukova is a retired Russian athlete who specialised in the long jump. She competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics, as well as two World Championships.
","normalizedtitle":"Yelena Sinchukova"}],"year":1961},{"text":"Greg Ritchie, Australian cricketer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Greg_Ritchie","displaytitle":"Greg Ritchie","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5606194","titles":{"canonical":"Greg_Ritchie","normalized":"Greg Ritchie","display":"Greg Ritchie"},"pageid":2574373,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369519727","tid":"d971ac1a-98af-11f1-895b-14a50a33631d","timestamp":"2026-08-15T13:47:26Z","description":"Australian cricketer (born 1960)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Ritchie","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Ritchie?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Ritchie?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Greg_Ritchie"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Ritchie","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Greg_Ritchie","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Ritchie?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Greg_Ritchie"}},"extract":"Gregory Michael Ritchie is a former Australian international cricketer who played in 30 Tests matches and 44 One Day Internationals between 1982 and 1987.","extract_html":"Gregory Michael Ritchie is a former Australian international cricketer who played in 30 Tests matches and 44 One Day Internationals between 1982 and 1987.
","normalizedtitle":"Greg Ritchie"}],"year":1960},{"text":"Clive Bull, English radio host","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Clive_Bull","displaytitle":"Clive Bull","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5134513","titles":{"canonical":"Clive_Bull","normalized":"Clive Bull","display":"Clive Bull"},"pageid":704573,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365874352","tid":"e8d06eba-87b5-11f1-8e6b-7cbb17b830fe","timestamp":"2026-07-24T23:17:59Z","description":"English radio talk show host","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Bull","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Bull?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Bull?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Clive_Bull"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Bull","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Clive_Bull","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Bull?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Clive_Bull"}},"extract":"\n\nClive Bull is an English radio talk show host, best known for presenting a late-night show on LBC in London.","extract_html":"\n\nClive Bull is an English radio talk show host, best known for presenting a late-night show on LBC in London.
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","normalizedtitle":"Sergey Litvinov (athlete, born 1958)"}],"year":1958},{"text":"Caroline, Princess of Hanover","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Princess_Caroline_of_Monaco","displaytitle":"Princess Caroline of Monaco","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q233966","titles":{"canonical":"Princess_Caroline_of_Monaco","normalized":"Princess Caroline of Monaco","display":"Princess Caroline of Monaco"},"pageid":292511,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Princess_Caroline.jpg/330px-Princess_Caroline.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":381},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Princess_Caroline.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":362,"height":418},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368270680","tid":"1e557c98-92cf-11f1-bc52-a5166539fee6","timestamp":"2026-08-08T02:16:09Z","description":"Princess of Monaco (born 1957)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Caroline_of_Monaco","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Caroline_of_Monaco?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Caroline_of_Monaco?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Princess_Caroline_of_Monaco"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Caroline_of_Monaco","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Princess_Caroline_of_Monaco","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Caroline_of_Monaco?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Princess_Caroline_of_Monaco"}},"extract":"Princess Caroline of Monaco, Princess of Hanover is Princess of Hanover by marriage to Prince Ernst August. As the eldest child of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and Grace Kelly, she is the elder sister of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Princess Stéphanie.","extract_html":"Princess Caroline of Monaco, Princess of Hanover is Princess of Hanover by marriage to Prince Ernst August. As the eldest child of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and Grace Kelly, she is the elder sister of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Princess Stéphanie.
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","normalizedtitle":"Trevor Hohns"}],"year":1954},{"text":"John Luther Adams, American composer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"John_Luther_Adams","displaytitle":"John Luther Adams","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q788469","titles":{"canonical":"John_Luther_Adams","normalized":"John Luther Adams","display":"John Luther Adams"},"pageid":637104,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Jla.Baseball.jpg/330px-Jla.Baseball.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Jla.Baseball.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":564,"height":423},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1350822247","tid":"2270bd6a-3faa-11f1-ad22-95c31a98d78d","timestamp":"2026-04-24T06:52:18Z","description":"American composer (born 1953)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Luther_Adams","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Luther_Adams?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Luther_Adams?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Luther_Adams"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Luther_Adams","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/John_Luther_Adams","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Luther_Adams?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Luther_Adams"}},"extract":"John Luther Adams is an American composer. His history of environmental activism informs his music. His orchestral work Become Ocean was awarded the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Music.","extract_html":"John Luther Adams is an American composer. His history of environmental activism informs his music. His orchestral work Become Ocean was awarded the 2014 Pulitzer Prize for Music.
","normalizedtitle":"John Luther Adams"}],"year":1953},{"text":"Alister McGrath, Irish priest, historian, and theologian","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Alister_McGrath","displaytitle":"Alister McGrath","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q451103","titles":{"canonical":"Alister_McGrath","normalized":"Alister McGrath","display":"Alister McGrath"},"pageid":1463438,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Alister_McGrath.jpg/330px-Alister_McGrath.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":458},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Alister_McGrath.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":468,"height":650},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372921707","tid":"46e56015-a72d-11f1-b193-8cab0b50733f","timestamp":"2026-09-03T00:20:33Z","description":"Irish Anglican priest, scientist, and academic (born 1953)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alister_McGrath","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alister_McGrath?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alister_McGrath?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alister_McGrath"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alister_McGrath","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Alister_McGrath","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alister_McGrath?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alister_McGrath"}},"extract":"Alister Edgar McGrath is an Irish theologian, Anglican priest, intellectual historian, scientist, Christian apologist, and public intellectual. He currently holds the Andreas Idreos Professorship in Science and Religion in the Faculty of Theology and Religion, and is a fellow of Harris Manchester College at the University of Oxford. He held the position of Professor of Divinity at Gresham College between 2015 and 2018. He was previously professor of theology, ministry, and education at King's College London and head of the Centre for Theology, Religion and Culture, professor of historical theology at the University of Oxford, and was principal of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford, until 2005.","extract_html":"Alister Edgar McGrath is an Irish theologian, Anglican priest, intellectual historian, scientist, Christian apologist, and public intellectual. He currently holds the Andreas Idreos Professorship in Science and Religion in the Faculty of Theology and Religion, and is a fellow of Harris Manchester College at the University of Oxford. He held the position of Professor of Divinity at Gresham College between 2015 and 2018. He was previously professor of theology, ministry, and education at King's College London and head of the Centre for Theology, Religion and Culture, professor of historical theology at the University of Oxford, and was principal of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford, until 2005.
","normalizedtitle":"Alister McGrath"}],"year":1953},{"text":"Antonio Villaraigosa, American politician, 41st Mayor of Los Angeles","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Antonio_Villaraigosa","displaytitle":"Antonio Villaraigosa","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q218511","titles":{"canonical":"Antonio_Villaraigosa","normalized":"Antonio Villaraigosa","display":"Antonio Villaraigosa"},"pageid":21347195,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/AntonioVillaraigosaHWOFMay2013.jpg/330px-AntonioVillaraigosaHWOFMay2013.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":384},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/AntonioVillaraigosaHWOFMay2013.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":654,"height":761},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370464062","tid":"62af354b-9d2b-11f1-8144-978d0aa6f11d","timestamp":"2026-08-21T06:41:49Z","description":"American attorney and politician (born 1953)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Villaraigosa","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Villaraigosa?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Villaraigosa?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Antonio_Villaraigosa"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Villaraigosa","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Antonio_Villaraigosa","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_Villaraigosa?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Antonio_Villaraigosa"}},"extract":"Antonio Ramón Villaraigosa is an American politician who served as the 41st Mayor of Los Angeles from 2005 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the Majority Leader from 1996 to 1998 and Speaker of the California State Assembly from 1998 to 2000.","extract_html":"Antonio Ramón Villaraigosa is an American politician who served as the 41st Mayor of Los Angeles from 2005 to 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the Majority Leader from 1996 to 1998 and Speaker of the California State Assembly from 1998 to 2000.
","normalizedtitle":"Antonio Villaraigosa"},{"type":"standard","title":"Mayor_of_Los_Angeles","displaytitle":"Mayor of Los Angeles","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1465319","titles":{"canonical":"Mayor_of_Los_Angeles","normalized":"Mayor of Los Angeles","display":"Mayor of Los Angeles"},"pageid":357012,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Los_Angeles%2C_California.svg/330px-Flag_of_Los_Angeles%2C_California.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Los_Angeles%2C_California.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Los_Angeles%2C_California.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1023,"height":682},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373763788","tid":"70b8d280-aaf7-11f1-b19d-e57f98e60088","timestamp":"2026-09-07T20:05:15Z","description":"Chief executive of Los Angeles","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Los_Angeles","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Los_Angeles?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Los_Angeles?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mayor_of_Los_Angeles"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Los_Angeles","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Mayor_of_Los_Angeles","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Los_Angeles?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mayor_of_Los_Angeles"}},"extract":"The Mayor of Los Angeles is the head of the executive branch of the government of Los Angeles and the chief executive of Los Angeles. The office is officially nonpartisan, a change made in the 1909 charter; previously, both the elections and the office were partisan.","extract_html":"The Mayor of Los Angeles is the head of the executive branch of the government of Los Angeles and the chief executive of Los Angeles. The office is officially nonpartisan, a change made in the 1909 charter; previously, both the elections and the office were partisan.
","normalizedtitle":"Mayor of Los Angeles"}],"year":1953},{"text":"Robin Zander, American singer-songwriter and guitarist","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Robin_Zander","displaytitle":"Robin Zander","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1171273","titles":{"canonical":"Robin_Zander","normalized":"Robin Zander","display":"Robin Zander"},"pageid":235300,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Robin_Zander_%28Cheap_Trick%29_2025.jpg/330px-Robin_Zander_%28Cheap_Trick%29_2025.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Robin_Zander_%28Cheap_Trick%29_2025.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1125,"height":1500},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371037973","tid":"2c6bf425-9f83-11f1-bf22-e67f2c0ad50c","timestamp":"2026-08-24T06:15:16Z","description":"American singer and guitarist (born 1953)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Zander","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Zander?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Zander?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Robin_Zander"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Zander","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Robin_Zander","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Zander?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Robin_Zander"}},"extract":"Robin Wayne Zander is an American musician who is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the rock band Cheap Trick. Zander joined Cheap Trick in 1974 and, as of 2026, remains a member of the band. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2016 as a member of Cheap Trick. Zander is also a solo artist.","extract_html":"Robin Wayne Zander is an American musician who is the lead singer and rhythm guitarist for the rock band Cheap Trick. Zander joined Cheap Trick in 1974 and, as of 2026, remains a member of the band. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2016 as a member of Cheap Trick. Zander is also a solo artist.
","normalizedtitle":"Robin Zander"}],"year":1953},{"text":"Omar Henry, South African cricketer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Omar_Henry","displaytitle":"Omar Henry","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3525452","titles":{"canonical":"Omar_Henry","normalized":"Omar Henry","display":"Omar Henry"},"pageid":3025129,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1311495310","tid":"fa112c35-9230-11f0-9f15-a982dfeffac9","timestamp":"2025-09-15T12:39:10Z","description":"South African cricketer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Henry","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Henry?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Henry?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Omar_Henry"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Henry","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Omar_Henry","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Henry?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Omar_Henry"}},"extract":"Omar Henry is a South African former cricketer who represented South Africa and Scotland at the international level. He played in three Tests and three One Day Internationals for South Africa. He is notable for being the first non-white player of the post-Apartheid era to play cricket for South Africa. Henry made both his Test and ODI debuts after turning 40 and was a member of the South African squad that reached the semi-finals of the 1992 Cricket World Cup. He played extensively in Scotland from 1982 to 1992. His son Riyaad Henry is also a professional cricketer who has played for Boland in domestic cricket in South Africa, and was called up to play for the Scotland A team in 2016.","extract_html":"Omar Henry is a South African former cricketer who represented South Africa and Scotland at the international level. He played in three Tests and three One Day Internationals for South Africa. He is notable for being the first non-white player of the post-Apartheid era to play cricket for South Africa. Henry made both his Test and ODI debuts after turning 40 and was a member of the South African squad that reached the semi-finals of the 1992 Cricket World Cup. He played extensively in Scotland from 1982 to 1992. His son Riyaad Henry is also a professional cricketer who has played for Boland in domestic cricket in South Africa, and was called up to play for the Scotland A team in 2016.
","normalizedtitle":"Omar Henry"}],"year":1952},{"text":"Jaroslav Pouzar, Czech ice hockey player","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Jaroslav_Pouzar","displaytitle":"Jaroslav Pouzar","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q569401","titles":{"canonical":"Jaroslav_Pouzar","normalized":"Jaroslav Pouzar","display":"Jaroslav Pouzar"},"pageid":12784307,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Jaroslav_Pouzar_Panini_1979.jpg/330px-Jaroslav_Pouzar_Panini_1979.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":464},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Jaroslav_Pouzar_Panini_1979.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":584,"height":822},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1360125162","tid":"ff8e0e30-6bd2-11f1-bab5-b4bbd2c7d306","timestamp":"2026-06-19T11:35:40Z","description":"Czech ice hockey player (born 1952)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Pouzar","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Pouzar?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Pouzar?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jaroslav_Pouzar"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Pouzar","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jaroslav_Pouzar","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav_Pouzar?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jaroslav_Pouzar"}},"extract":"Jaroslav Pouzar is a Czech former professional ice hockey forward. He was selected in the fourth round of the 1982 NHL entry draft, 83rd overall, by the Edmonton Oilers. He won two Stanley Cups with Edmonton in 1984, 1985. He left to play in Europe in the summer of 1985. He returned during 1987 season to win a third cup with Edmonton. Pouzar played parts of four NHL seasons with Edmonton, as well as seeing extensive playing time in Europe.","extract_html":"Jaroslav Pouzar is a Czech former professional ice hockey forward. He was selected in the fourth round of the 1982 NHL entry draft, 83rd overall, by the Edmonton Oilers. He won two Stanley Cups with Edmonton in 1984, 1985. He left to play in Europe in the summer of 1985. He returned during 1987 season to win a third cup with Edmonton. Pouzar played parts of four NHL seasons with Edmonton, as well as seeing extensive playing time in Europe.
","normalizedtitle":"Jaroslav Pouzar"}],"year":1952},{"text":"Chesley Sullenberger, American airline pilot and safety expert","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Sully_Sullenberger","displaytitle":"Sully Sullenberger","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q463124","titles":{"canonical":"Sully_Sullenberger","normalized":"Sully Sullenberger","display":"Sully Sullenberger"},"pageid":21143211,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/C.B._Sullenberger%2C_U.S._Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-C.B._Sullenberger%2C_U.S._Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":362},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/C.B._Sullenberger%2C_U.S._Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg/3840px-C.B._Sullenberger%2C_U.S._Representative_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":5754,"height":6308},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373044315","tid":"772d0e52-a7c6-11f1-b045-36f4edd1f49e","timestamp":"2026-09-03T18:37:07Z","description":"American pilot and diplomat (born 1951)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sully_Sullenberger","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sully_Sullenberger?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sully_Sullenberger?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Sully_Sullenberger"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sully_Sullenberger","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Sully_Sullenberger","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sully_Sullenberger?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Sully_Sullenberger"}},"extract":"Chesley Burnett \"Sully\" Sullenberger III is an American retired aircraft pilot, diplomat and aviation safety expert, who is best known for his actions as captain of US Airways Flight 1549 on January 15, 2009, when he ditched the plane on the Hudson River after both engines were disabled by a bird strike; all 155 people aboard survived. After the Hudson landing, Sullenberger became an outspoken advocate for aviation safety and helped develop new protocols for flight safety. He served as the co-chairman, along with his co-pilot on Flight 1549, Jeffrey Skiles, of the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA)'s Young Eagles youth introduction-to-aviation program from 2009 to 2013.","extract_html":"Chesley Burnett \"Sully\" Sullenberger III is an American retired aircraft pilot, diplomat and aviation safety expert, who is best known for his actions as captain of US Airways Flight 1549 on January 15, 2009, when he ditched the plane on the Hudson River after both engines were disabled by a bird strike; all 155 people aboard survived. After the Hudson landing, Sullenberger became an outspoken advocate for aviation safety and helped develop new protocols for flight safety. He served as the co-chairman, along with his co-pilot on Flight 1549, Jeffrey Skiles, of the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA)'s Young Eagles youth introduction-to-aviation program from 2009 to 2013.
","normalizedtitle":"Sully Sullenberger"}],"year":1951},{"text":"Richard Dean Anderson, American actor, producer, and composer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Richard_Dean_Anderson","displaytitle":"Richard Dean Anderson","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q203047","titles":{"canonical":"Richard_Dean_Anderson","normalized":"Richard Dean Anderson","display":"Richard Dean Anderson"},"pageid":262533,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Richard_Dean_Anderson_%2853632376009%29.jpg/330px-Richard_Dean_Anderson_%2853632376009%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":427},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Richard_Dean_Anderson_%2853632376009%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2478,"height":3206},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373702752","tid":"58c25b20-aab9-11f1-ab6d-9416d35311ab","timestamp":"2026-09-07T12:40:46Z","description":"American actor (born 1950)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dean_Anderson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dean_Anderson?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dean_Anderson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Richard_Dean_Anderson"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dean_Anderson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Richard_Dean_Anderson","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dean_Anderson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Richard_Dean_Anderson"}},"extract":"Richard Dean Anderson is an American actor. He began his television career in 1976, playing Jeff Webber in the American soap opera series General Hospital, and then rose to prominence as the lead actor in the television series MacGyver (1985–1992). He later appeared in films such as Through the Eyes of a Killer (1992), Pandora's Clock (1996), and Firehouse (1997).","extract_html":"Richard Dean Anderson is an American actor. He began his television career in 1976, playing Jeff Webber in the American soap opera series General Hospital, and then rose to prominence as the lead actor in the television series MacGyver (1985–1992). He later appeared in films such as Through the Eyes of a Killer (1992), Pandora's Clock (1996), and Firehouse (1997).
","normalizedtitle":"Richard Dean Anderson"}],"year":1950},{"text":"Guida Maria, Portuguese actress (died 2018)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Guida_Maria","displaytitle":"Guida Maria","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q10292705","titles":{"canonical":"Guida_Maria","normalized":"Guida Maria","display":"Guida Maria"},"pageid":56211491,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/92/GuidaMariaImg.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":247,"height":375},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/92/GuidaMariaImg.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":247,"height":375},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372483195","tid":"a0ffed75-a596-11f1-9bcc-a715281adea6","timestamp":"2026-08-31T23:49:39Z","description":"Portuguese actress (1950–2018)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guida_Maria","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guida_Maria?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guida_Maria?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Guida_Maria"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guida_Maria","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Guida_Maria","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guida_Maria?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Guida_Maria"}},"extract":"Guida Maria was a Portuguese actress. Her career spanned 60 years and included appearances on stage, in film and on television.","extract_html":"Guida Maria was a Portuguese actress. Her career spanned 60 years and included appearances on stage, in film and on television.
","normalizedtitle":"Guida Maria"}],"year":1950},{"text":"Suzanne Scotchmer, American economist and academic (died 2014)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Suzanne_Scotchmer","displaytitle":"Suzanne Scotchmer","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7650954","titles":{"canonical":"Suzanne_Scotchmer","normalized":"Suzanne Scotchmer","display":"Suzanne Scotchmer"},"pageid":38588469,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1235596161","tid":"f09d2cf7-464e-11ef-937c-bd52012d868b","timestamp":"2024-07-20T04:17:13Z","description":"American economist (1950–2014)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Scotchmer","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Scotchmer?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Scotchmer?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Suzanne_Scotchmer"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Scotchmer","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Suzanne_Scotchmer","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne_Scotchmer?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Suzanne_Scotchmer"}},"extract":"\nSuzanne Scotchmer was an American professor of law, economics and public policy at the University of California, Berkeley, and a noted author on many economic subjects. She earned her B.A. from University of Washington magna cum laude in 1970, her M.A. in statistics from UC Berkeley in 1979, and her PhD in economics from UC Berkeley in 1980.","extract_html":"\nSuzanne Scotchmer was an American professor of law, economics and public policy at the University of California, Berkeley, and a noted author on many economic subjects. She earned her B.A. from University of Washington magna cum laude in 1970, her M.A. in statistics from UC Berkeley in 1979, and her PhD in economics from UC Berkeley in 1980.
","normalizedtitle":"Suzanne Scotchmer"}],"year":1950},{"text":"Luis Alberto Spinetta, Argentinian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and poet (died 2012)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Luis_Alberto_Spinetta","displaytitle":"Luis Alberto Spinetta","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q957627","titles":{"canonical":"Luis_Alberto_Spinetta","normalized":"Luis Alberto Spinetta","display":"Luis Alberto Spinetta"},"pageid":879037,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Spinetta%2C_1969.jpg/330px-Spinetta%2C_1969.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":472},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Spinetta%2C_1969.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":638,"height":912},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368032979","tid":"b90e6709-91b6-11f1-baa0-1fc3739530f7","timestamp":"2026-08-06T16:49:00Z","description":"Argentine musician (1950–2012)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Alberto_Spinetta","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Alberto_Spinetta?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Alberto_Spinetta?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Luis_Alberto_Spinetta"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Alberto_Spinetta","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Luis_Alberto_Spinetta","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Alberto_Spinetta?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Luis_Alberto_Spinetta"}},"extract":"Luis Alberto Spinetta was an Argentine singer, guitarist, composer, writer and poet. One of the most influential rock musicians of Argentina, he is widely regarded as one of the founders of Argentine rock, which is considered one of the first incarnations of Spanish-language rock. Born in Buenos Aires, he was the founder of several iconic rock bands including Almendra, Pescado Rabioso, Invisible, Spinetta Jade, and Spinetta y Los Socios del Desierto. In Argentina, January 23rd is celebrated as \"Día Nacional del Músico\" in honor of Spinetta's birth.","extract_html":"Luis Alberto Spinetta was an Argentine singer, guitarist, composer, writer and poet. One of the most influential rock musicians of Argentina, he is widely regarded as one of the founders of Argentine rock, which is considered one of the first incarnations of Spanish-language rock. Born in Buenos Aires, he was the founder of several iconic rock bands including Almendra, Pescado Rabioso, Invisible, Spinetta Jade, and Spinetta y Los Socios del Desierto. In Argentina, January 23rd is celebrated as \"Día Nacional del Músico\" in honor of Spinetta's birth.
","normalizedtitle":"Luis Alberto Spinetta"}],"year":1950},{"text":"Charlie Papazian, American nuclear engineer, brewer and author.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Charlie_Papazian","displaytitle":"Charlie Papazian","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5085345","titles":{"canonical":"Charlie_Papazian","normalized":"Charlie Papazian","display":"Charlie Papazian"},"pageid":2557334,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1303141603","tid":"30cabcea-6c58-11f0-bd46-8884a7f10d78","timestamp":"2025-07-29T08:44:08Z","description":"American nuclear engineer, brewer and author","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Papazian","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Papazian?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Papazian?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Charlie_Papazian"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Papazian","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Charlie_Papazian","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Papazian?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Charlie_Papazian"}},"extract":"Charles N. Papazian is an American nuclear engineer, brewer and author. He founded the Association of Brewers and the Great American Beer Festival, and wrote The Complete Joy of Home Brewing (1984). He is the longtime former president (1979–2016) of the Brewers Association. He is also the creator of the National Pie Day, a celebration of pies which is celebrated on January 23, Papazian's birthday.","extract_html":"Charles N. Papazian is an American nuclear engineer, brewer and author. He founded the Association of Brewers and the Great American Beer Festival, and wrote The Complete Joy of Home Brewing (1984). He is the longtime former president (1979–2016) of the Brewers Association. He is also the creator of the National Pie Day, a celebration of pies which is celebrated on January 23, Papazian's birthday.
","normalizedtitle":"Charlie Papazian"}],"year":1949},{"text":"Anita Pointer, American singer-songwriter (died 2022)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Anita_Pointer","displaytitle":"Anita Pointer","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2745995","titles":{"canonical":"Anita_Pointer","normalized":"Anita Pointer","display":"Anita Pointer"},"pageid":5315178,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Anita_Pointer_1974.jpg/330px-Anita_Pointer_1974.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":481},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Anita_Pointer_1974.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":387,"height":564},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371015529","tid":"bfe6f873-9f6e-11f1-8e6b-1eb0fd927ef0","timestamp":"2026-08-24T03:49:04Z","description":"American singer and songwriter (1948–2022)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_Pointer","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_Pointer?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_Pointer?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Anita_Pointer"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_Pointer","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Anita_Pointer","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_Pointer?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Anita_Pointer"}},"extract":"Anita Marie Pointer was an American singer and songwriter, best known as a founding member of the vocal group the Pointer Sisters. She co-wrote and was the lead singer on their hit song \"Fairytale\", which garnered them their first Grammy Award in 1975. She was also the lead singer on many of their other hits, including \"Yes We Can Can\", \"Fire\", \"Slow Hand\", and \"I'm So Excited\".","extract_html":"Anita Marie Pointer was an American singer and songwriter, best known as a founding member of the vocal group the Pointer Sisters. She co-wrote and was the lead singer on their hit song \"Fairytale\", which garnered them their first Grammy Award in 1975. She was also the lead singer on many of their other hits, including \"Yes We Can Can\", \"Fire\", \"Slow Hand\", and \"I'm So Excited\".
","normalizedtitle":"Anita Pointer"}],"year":1948},{"text":"Tom Carper, American captain and politician, 71st Governor of Delaware","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Tom_Carper","displaytitle":"Tom Carper","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q457432","titles":{"canonical":"Tom_Carper","normalized":"Tom Carper","display":"Tom Carper"},"pageid":339186,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tom_Carper%2C_official_portrait%2C_112th_Congress.jpg/330px-Tom_Carper%2C_official_portrait%2C_112th_Congress.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":413},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Tom_Carper%2C_official_portrait%2C_112th_Congress.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2400,"height":3000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364546029","tid":"b363c9a7-8194-11f1-9741-7e926334e3c2","timestamp":"2026-07-17T04:05:09Z","description":"American politician (born 1947)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Carper","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Carper?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Carper?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tom_Carper"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Carper","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tom_Carper","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Carper?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tom_Carper"}},"extract":"Thomas Richard Carper is an American politician and former military officer who served from 2001 to 2025 as a United States senator from Delaware. A member of the Democratic Party, Carper served from 1983 to 1993 in the United States House of Representatives and from 1993 to 2001 as the 71st governor of Delaware.","extract_html":"Thomas Richard Carper is an American politician and former military officer who served from 2001 to 2025 as a United States senator from Delaware. A member of the Democratic Party, Carper served from 1983 to 1993 in the United States House of Representatives and from 1993 to 2001 as the 71st governor of Delaware.
","normalizedtitle":"Tom Carper"},{"type":"standard","title":"List_of_governors_of_Delaware","displaytitle":"List of governors of Delaware","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q887210","titles":{"canonical":"List_of_governors_of_Delaware","normalized":"List of governors of Delaware","display":"List of governors of Delaware"},"pageid":234136,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/%2802-19-2025%29_Matt_Meyer.jpg/330px-%2802-19-2025%29_Matt_Meyer.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/%2802-19-2025%29_Matt_Meyer.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1191,"height":1589},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372259876","tid":"b960014a-a4dd-11f1-b51a-340d1e425795","timestamp":"2026-08-31T01:46:03Z","description":"","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:List_of_governors_of_Delaware"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/List_of_governors_of_Delaware","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Delaware?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:List_of_governors_of_Delaware"}},"extract":"The Governor of Delaware is the head of government of Delaware and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Delaware Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment, and only with the recommendation of the Board of Pardons.","extract_html":"The Governor of Delaware is the head of government of Delaware and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Delaware Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of impeachment, and only with the recommendation of the Board of Pardons.
","normalizedtitle":"List of governors of Delaware"}],"year":1947},{"text":"Megawati Sukarnoputri, Indonesian politician, 5th president of Indonesia","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Megawati_Sukarnoputri","displaytitle":"Megawati Sukarnoputri","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q76179","titles":{"canonical":"Megawati_Sukarnoputri","normalized":"Megawati Sukarnoputri","display":"Megawati Sukarnoputri"},"pageid":237564,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/President_Megawati_Sukarnoputri_-_Indonesia.jpg/330px-President_Megawati_Sukarnoputri_-_Indonesia.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":366},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/President_Megawati_Sukarnoputri_-_Indonesia.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1200,"height":1331},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374145394","tid":"6ef0372c-acc4-11f1-8c63-1d1c9322d635","timestamp":"2026-09-10T03:05:10Z","description":"President of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawati_Sukarnoputri","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawati_Sukarnoputri?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawati_Sukarnoputri?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Megawati_Sukarnoputri"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawati_Sukarnoputri","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Megawati_Sukarnoputri","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megawati_Sukarnoputri?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Megawati_Sukarnoputri"}},"extract":"Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004 and the eighth vice president under President Abdurrahman Wahid from 1999 to 2001. She is Indonesia's first and only female president to date, and also the first president born in Indonesia after its independence.","extract_html":"Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri is an Indonesian politician who served as the fifth president of Indonesia from 2001 to 2004 and the eighth vice president under President Abdurrahman Wahid from 1999 to 2001. She is Indonesia's first and only female president to date, and also the first president born in Indonesia after its independence.
","normalizedtitle":"Megawati Sukarnoputri"},{"type":"standard","title":"President_of_Indonesia","displaytitle":"President of Indonesia","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q11755916","titles":{"canonical":"President_of_Indonesia","normalized":"President of Indonesia","display":"President of Indonesia"},"pageid":10011631,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Indonesian_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg/330px-Indonesian_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":332},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Indonesian_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg/960px-Indonesian_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":587,"height":591},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373759409","tid":"fe92bdbd-aaf3-11f1-96fe-7f63a0d5144b","timestamp":"2026-09-07T19:40:35Z","description":"Head of state and government","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indonesia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indonesia?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indonesia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:President_of_Indonesia"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indonesia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/President_of_Indonesia","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indonesia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:President_of_Indonesia"}},"extract":"The president of the Republic of Indonesia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president is the leader of the executive branch of the Indonesian government and the commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police. Since 2004, the president and vice president have been directly elected to a five-year term, once renewable, allowing for a maximum of ten years in office.","extract_html":"The president of the Republic of Indonesia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president is the leader of the executive branch of the Indonesian government and the commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces and the Indonesian National Police. Since 2004, the president and vice president have been directly elected to a five-year term, once renewable, allowing for a maximum of ten years in office.
","normalizedtitle":"President of Indonesia"}],"year":1947},{"text":"Arnoldo Alemán, Nicaraguan lawyer and politician, President of Nicaragua","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Arnoldo_Alemán","displaytitle":"Arnoldo Alemán","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q356647","titles":{"canonical":"Arnoldo_Alemán","normalized":"Arnoldo Alemán","display":"Arnoldo Alemán"},"pageid":403090,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/ArnoldoAleman1997.png/330px-ArnoldoAleman1997.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":404},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/ArnoldoAleman1997.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":350,"height":428},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373137090","tid":"a162e658-a827-11f1-8b42-889b13421ed5","timestamp":"2026-09-04T06:12:39Z","description":"President of Nicaragua from 1997 to 2002","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arnoldo_Alem%C3%A1n"}},"extract":"José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo is a Nicaraguan politician who served as the president of Nicaragua from 10 January 1997 to 10 January 2002. His tenure as president was marked by corruption and attempts to centralize power.","extract_html":"José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo is a Nicaraguan politician who served as the president of Nicaragua from 10 January 1997 to 10 January 2002. His tenure as president was marked by corruption and attempts to centralize power.
","normalizedtitle":"Arnoldo Alemán"},{"type":"standard","title":"Co-presidents_of_Nicaragua","displaytitle":"Co-presidents of Nicaragua","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q852448","titles":{"canonical":"Co-presidents_of_Nicaragua","normalized":"Co-presidents of Nicaragua","display":"Co-presidents of Nicaragua"},"pageid":302862,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg/960px-Coat_of_arms_of_Nicaragua.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":600,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366645714","tid":"d63f9715-8b1d-11f1-b322-700c2dafebd4","timestamp":"2026-07-29T07:19:29Z","description":"Heads of state and government","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-presidents_of_Nicaragua","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-presidents_of_Nicaragua?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-presidents_of_Nicaragua?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Co-presidents_of_Nicaragua"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-presidents_of_Nicaragua","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Co-presidents_of_Nicaragua","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-presidents_of_Nicaragua?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Co-presidents_of_Nicaragua"}},"extract":"The co-presidents of Nicaragua, officially known as the Presidency of the Republic of Nicaragua, are the dual heads of state and government of Nicaragua. The presidency was first created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1839, the head of state of Nicaragua was simply styled as Head of State, and from 1839 to 1854 as Supreme Director.","extract_html":"The co-presidents of Nicaragua, officially known as the Presidency of the Republic of Nicaragua, are the dual heads of state and government of Nicaragua. The presidency was first created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1839, the head of state of Nicaragua was simply styled as Head of State, and from 1839 to 1854 as Supreme Director.
","normalizedtitle":"Co-presidents of Nicaragua"}],"year":1946},{"text":"Boris Berezovsky, Russian-English businessman and mathematician (died 2013)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)","displaytitle":"Boris Berezovsky (businessman)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q311019","titles":{"canonical":"Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)","normalized":"Boris Berezovsky (businessman)","display":"Boris Berezovsky (businessman)"},"pageid":355478,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Boris_Berezovsky.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":130,"height":130},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Boris_Berezovsky.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":130,"height":130},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369239342","tid":"22f3b9d8-9749-11f1-b57c-603bdafb1869","timestamp":"2026-08-13T18:59:40Z","description":"Russian businessman (1946–2013)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)"}},"extract":"Boris Abramovich Berezovsky, also known as Platon Elenin, was a Russian business oligarch, government official, engineer and mathematician. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and held the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.","extract_html":"Boris Abramovich Berezovsky, also known as Platon Elenin, was a Russian business oligarch, government official, engineer and mathematician. He was a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and held the federal state civilian service rank of 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation.
","normalizedtitle":"Boris Berezovsky (businessman)"}],"year":1946},{"text":"Marie Charlotte Fayanga, Central African politician and diplomat (died 2021)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Marie_Charlotte_Fayanga","displaytitle":"Marie Charlotte Fayanga","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q125166043","titles":{"canonical":"Marie_Charlotte_Fayanga","normalized":"Marie Charlotte Fayanga","display":"Marie Charlotte Fayanga"},"pageid":76452958,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1313926469","tid":"76832118-9caf-11f0-93e5-211c35888daa","timestamp":"2025-09-28T21:09:47Z","description":"Central African politician","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Charlotte_Fayanga","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Charlotte_Fayanga?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Charlotte_Fayanga?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marie_Charlotte_Fayanga"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Charlotte_Fayanga","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Marie_Charlotte_Fayanga","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Charlotte_Fayanga?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marie_Charlotte_Fayanga"}},"extract":"Marie Charlotte Fayanga was a Central African diplomat and politician.","extract_html":"Marie Charlotte Fayanga was a Central African diplomat and politician.
","normalizedtitle":"Marie Charlotte Fayanga"}],"year":1946},{"text":"Silvia Monti, Italian actress (died 2026)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Silvia_Monti","displaytitle":"Silvia Monti","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q276361","titles":{"canonical":"Silvia_Monti","normalized":"Silvia Monti","display":"Silvia Monti"},"pageid":11400301,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Giornata_nera_017.jpg/330px-Giornata_nera_017.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":188},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Giornata_nera_017.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":464,"height":264},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369650011","tid":"18e9d7c4-9944-11f1-80ca-0f318467aa50","timestamp":"2026-08-16T07:28:38Z","description":"Italian actress (1946–2026)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvia_Monti","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvia_Monti?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvia_Monti?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Silvia_Monti"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvia_Monti","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Silvia_Monti","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvia_Monti?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Silvia_Monti"}},"extract":"Silvia Monti was an Italian actress.","extract_html":"Silvia Monti was an Italian actress.
","normalizedtitle":"Silvia Monti"}],"year":1946},{"text":"Mike Harris, Canadian politician, 22nd Premier of Ontario","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Mike_Harris","displaytitle":"Mike Harris","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q598964","titles":{"canonical":"Mike_Harris","normalized":"Mike Harris","display":"Mike Harris"},"pageid":293593,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Mike_Harris_2014.jpg/330px-Mike_Harris_2014.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":412},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Mike_Harris_2014.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1590,"height":1986},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371733301","tid":"a6f286c7-a293-11f1-8229-8d576f4ccdba","timestamp":"2026-08-28T03:50:47Z","description":"22nd Premier of Ontario (born 1945)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Harris","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Harris?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Harris?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mike_Harris"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Harris","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Mike_Harris","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Harris?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mike_Harris"}},"extract":"Michael Deane Harris is a retired Canadian politician who served as the 22nd premier of Ontario from 1995 to 2002 and leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario from 1990 to 2002. Taking the PC Party to the right, he is noted for the \"Common Sense Revolution\", his government's program of fiscally conservative policies.","extract_html":"Michael Deane Harris is a retired Canadian politician who served as the 22nd premier of Ontario from 1995 to 2002 and leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario from 1990 to 2002. Taking the PC Party to the right, he is noted for the \"Common Sense Revolution\", his government's program of fiscally conservative policies.
","normalizedtitle":"Mike Harris"},{"type":"standard","title":"Premier_of_Ontario","displaytitle":"Premier of Ontario","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2560704","titles":{"canonical":"Premier_of_Ontario","normalized":"Premier of Ontario","display":"Premier of Ontario"},"pageid":333479,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Coat_of_arms_of_Ontario.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ontario.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":261},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Coat_of_arms_of_Ontario.svg/960px-Coat_of_arms_of_Ontario.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":502,"height":397},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373758408","tid":"46fda9fb-aaf3-11f1-98a8-9d22d990f075","timestamp":"2026-09-07T19:35:27Z","description":"Head of government of Ontario","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Premier_of_Ontario"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Premier_of_Ontario","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_Ontario?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Premier_of_Ontario"}},"extract":"The premier of Ontario is the head of government of Ontario. Under the Westminster system, the premier governs with the confidence of a majority of the elected Legislative Assembly; as such, the premier typically sits as a member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. As first minister, the premier selects ministers to form the Executive Council, and serves as its chair. Constitutionally, the Crown exercises executive power on the advice of the Executive Council, which is collectively responsible to the legislature.","extract_html":"The premier of Ontario is the head of government of Ontario. Under the Westminster system, the premier governs with the confidence of a majority of the elected Legislative Assembly; as such, the premier typically sits as a member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. As first minister, the premier selects ministers to form the Executive Council, and serves as its chair. Constitutionally, the Crown exercises executive power on the advice of the Executive Council, which is collectively responsible to the legislature.
","normalizedtitle":"Premier of Ontario"}],"year":1945},{"text":"Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor, director, and producer (died 2019)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Rutger_Hauer","displaytitle":"Rutger Hauer","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q213574","titles":{"canonical":"Rutger_Hauer","normalized":"Rutger Hauer","display":"Rutger Hauer"},"pageid":37500,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Rutger_Hauer_%282018%29.jpg/330px-Rutger_Hauer_%282018%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Rutger_Hauer_%282018%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":810,"height":1080},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364918085","tid":"0d0af89f-8345-11f1-b5f1-78e1061bd7d8","timestamp":"2026-07-19T07:40:02Z","description":"Dutch actor (1944–2019)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutger_Hauer","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutger_Hauer?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutger_Hauer?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rutger_Hauer"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutger_Hauer","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Rutger_Hauer","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutger_Hauer?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rutger_Hauer"}},"extract":"Rutger Oelsen Hauer was a Dutch actor, with a career that spanned over 170 roles across nearly 50 years, beginning in 1969. In 1999, he was named by the Dutch public as the Best Dutch Actor of the Century.","extract_html":"Rutger Oelsen Hauer was a Dutch actor, with a career that spanned over 170 roles across nearly 50 years, beginning in 1969. In 1999, he was named by the Dutch public as the Best Dutch Actor of the Century.
","normalizedtitle":"Rutger Hauer"}],"year":1944},{"text":"Gary Burton, American musician","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Gary_Burton","displaytitle":"Gary Burton","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q353096","titles":{"canonical":"Gary_Burton","normalized":"Gary Burton","display":"Gary Burton"},"pageid":588791,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Gary_Burton.jpg/330px-Gary_Burton.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Gary_Burton.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":800,"height":533},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370962259","tid":"5869827d-9f47-11f1-bcf9-7a7e231c5776","timestamp":"2026-08-23T23:07:00Z","description":"American jazz vibraphonist (born 1943)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Burton","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Burton?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Burton?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gary_Burton"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Burton","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Gary_Burton","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Burton?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gary_Burton"}},"extract":"Gary Burton is an American retired jazz vibraphonist, composer, and educator. He developed a pianistic style of four-mallet technique as an alternative to the prevailing two-mallet technique. This approach caused him to be heralded as an innovator, and his sound and technique are widely imitated. He is also known for pioneering jazz fusion and popularizing the duet format in jazz, as well as being a major figure in music education from his 30 years teaching at the Berklee College of Music.","extract_html":"Gary Burton is an American retired jazz vibraphonist, composer, and educator. He developed a pianistic style of four-mallet technique as an alternative to the prevailing two-mallet technique. This approach caused him to be heralded as an innovator, and his sound and technique are widely imitated. He is also known for pioneering jazz fusion and popularizing the duet format in jazz, as well as being a major figure in music education from his 30 years teaching at the Berklee College of Music.
","normalizedtitle":"Gary Burton"}],"year":1943},{"text":"Gil Gerard, American actor (died 2025)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Gil_Gerard","displaytitle":"Gil Gerard","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1350588","titles":{"canonical":"Gil_Gerard","normalized":"Gil Gerard","display":"Gil Gerard"},"pageid":496767,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/10.17.09GilGerardByLuigiNovi.jpg/330px-10.17.09GilGerardByLuigiNovi.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":397},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/10.17.09GilGerardByLuigiNovi.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1126,"height":1354},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372347820","tid":"aa04a51b-a525-11f1-8528-c2ec2fea871a","timestamp":"2026-08-31T10:21:01Z","description":"American actor (1943–2025)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Gerard","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Gerard?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Gerard?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gil_Gerard"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Gerard","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Gil_Gerard","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil_Gerard?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gil_Gerard"}},"extract":"Gilbert Cyril Gerard was an American actor, whose roles include that of Captain William \"Buck\" Rogers in the 1979–1981 television series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century.","extract_html":"Gilbert Cyril Gerard was an American actor, whose roles include that of Captain William \"Buck\" Rogers in the 1979–1981 television series Buck Rogers in the 25th Century.
","normalizedtitle":"Gil Gerard"}],"year":1943},{"text":"Özhan Canaydın, Turkish basketball player and businessman (died 2010)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Özhan_Canaydın","displaytitle":"Özhan Canaydın","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q247111","titles":{"canonical":"Özhan_Canaydın","normalized":"Özhan Canaydın","display":"Özhan Canaydın"},"pageid":2912016,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1357049736","tid":"db38c43a-5cf1-11f1-a51c-59172d60420c","timestamp":"2026-05-31T13:08:46Z","description":"Turkish basketball player (1943–2010)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zhan_Canayd%C4%B1n","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zhan_Canayd%C4%B1n?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zhan_Canayd%C4%B1n?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:%C3%96zhan_Canayd%C4%B1n"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zhan_Canayd%C4%B1n","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/%C3%96zhan_Canayd%C4%B1n","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zhan_Canayd%C4%B1n?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:%C3%96zhan_Canayd%C4%B1n"}},"extract":"Özhan Canaydın was a businessman, basketballer and former chairman of the Turkish sports club Galatasaray.","extract_html":"Özhan Canaydın was a businessman, basketballer and former chairman of the Turkish sports club Galatasaray.
","normalizedtitle":"Özhan Canaydın"}],"year":1943},{"text":"Laurie Mayne, Australian cricketer","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Laurie_Mayne","displaytitle":"Laurie Mayne","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q6501663","titles":{"canonical":"Laurie_Mayne","normalized":"Laurie Mayne","display":"Laurie Mayne"},"pageid":3613375,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369528168","tid":"a1229b8b-98b8-11f1-baf9-2db913e0e370","timestamp":"2026-08-15T14:50:17Z","description":"Australian cricketer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_Mayne","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_Mayne?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_Mayne?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Laurie_Mayne"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_Mayne","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Laurie_Mayne","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie_Mayne?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Laurie_Mayne"}},"extract":"Lawrence Charles Mayne is a former Australian cricketer who played in six Test matches between 1965 and 1970.","extract_html":"Lawrence Charles Mayne is a former Australian cricketer who played in six Test matches between 1965 and 1970.
","normalizedtitle":"Laurie Mayne"}],"year":1942},{"text":"Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, Mongolian politician, 1st President of Mongolia (died 2025)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Punsalmaagiin_Ochirbat","displaytitle":"Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q887753","titles":{"canonical":"Punsalmaagiin_Ochirbat","normalized":"Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat","display":"Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat"},"pageid":756544,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Punsalmaagiyn_Ochirbat_1995.png/330px-Punsalmaagiyn_Ochirbat_1995.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":377},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Punsalmaagiyn_Ochirbat_1995.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":634,"height":724},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368746691","tid":"ca7fa888-9503-11f1-a510-30b3cf408d90","timestamp":"2026-08-10T21:38:14Z","description":"1st President of Mongolia from 1990 to 1997","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punsalmaagiin_Ochirbat","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punsalmaagiin_Ochirbat?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punsalmaagiin_Ochirbat?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Punsalmaagiin_Ochirbat"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punsalmaagiin_Ochirbat","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Punsalmaagiin_Ochirbat","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punsalmaagiin_Ochirbat?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Punsalmaagiin_Ochirbat"}},"extract":"Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat was a Mongolian politician and geologist who served as the first president of Mongolia from 1990 to 1997. A member of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party since 1965, he served multiple ministerial positions between 1972 and 1990. In the aftermath of the 1990 Democratic Revolution, he briefly served as Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural from March to September 1990.","extract_html":"Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat was a Mongolian politician and geologist who served as the first president of Mongolia from 1990 to 1997. A member of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party since 1965, he served multiple ministerial positions between 1972 and 1990. In the aftermath of the 1990 Democratic Revolution, he briefly served as Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural from March to September 1990.
","normalizedtitle":"Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat"},{"type":"standard","title":"President_of_Mongolia","displaytitle":"President of Mongolia","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q756265","titles":{"canonical":"President_of_Mongolia","normalized":"President of Mongolia","display":"President of Mongolia"},"pageid":1701871,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Official_presidential_portrait_of_Ukhnaagiin_Khurelsukh.jpg/330px-Official_presidential_portrait_of_Ukhnaagiin_Khurelsukh.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Official_presidential_portrait_of_Ukhnaagiin_Khurelsukh.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1920,"height":2560},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373759673","tid":"339f0e8b-aaf4-11f1-80ad-fd1fb5fe8ee6","timestamp":"2026-09-07T19:42:04Z","description":"Head of state","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Mongolia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Mongolia?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Mongolia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:President_of_Mongolia"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Mongolia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/President_of_Mongolia","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Mongolia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:President_of_Mongolia"}},"extract":"The president of Mongolia is the executive head of state of Mongolia and commander-in-chief of the Mongolian Armed Forces. The president also chairs the National Security Council, a consultative body to the president on the matters of national security.","extract_html":"The president of Mongolia is the executive head of state of Mongolia and commander-in-chief of the Mongolian Armed Forces. The president also chairs the National Security Council, a consultative body to the president on the matters of national security.
","normalizedtitle":"President of Mongolia"}],"year":1942},{"text":"Herman Tjeenk Willink, Dutch judge and politician","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Herman_Tjeenk_Willink","displaytitle":"Herman Tjeenk Willink","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1950583","titles":{"canonical":"Herman_Tjeenk_Willink","normalized":"Herman Tjeenk Willink","display":"Herman Tjeenk Willink"},"pageid":20607968,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Opdracht_Financieel_Dagblad_%2C_heer_Tjeenk_Willink_%2C_close_en_kop_-_NL-HaNA_Anefo_933-3139_WM556_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Opdracht_Financieel_Dagblad_%2C_heer_Tjeenk_Willink_%2C_close_en_kop_-_NL-HaNA_Anefo_933-3139_WM556_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Opdracht_Financieel_Dagblad_%2C_heer_Tjeenk_Willink_%2C_close_en_kop_-_NL-HaNA_Anefo_933-3139_WM556_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":873,"height":1163},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364104347","tid":"ed18b1aa-7f91-11f1-a9ee-2607a88d6e97","timestamp":"2026-07-14T14:40:15Z","description":"Dutch politician (born 1942)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Tjeenk_Willink","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Tjeenk_Willink?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Tjeenk_Willink?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Herman_Tjeenk_Willink"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Tjeenk_Willink","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Herman_Tjeenk_Willink","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Tjeenk_Willink?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Herman_Tjeenk_Willink"}},"extract":"Herman Diederik Tjeenk Willink is a retired Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and jurist. He was granted the honorary title of Minister of State on 21 December 2012.","extract_html":"Herman Diederik Tjeenk Willink is a retired Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA) and jurist. He was granted the honorary title of Minister of State on 21 December 2012.
","normalizedtitle":"Herman Tjeenk Willink"}],"year":1942},{"text":"Jock R. Anderson, Australian economist and academic","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Jock_R._Anderson","displaytitle":"Jock R. Anderson","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q6207433","titles":{"canonical":"Jock_R._Anderson","normalized":"Jock R. Anderson","display":"Jock R. Anderson"},"pageid":26623321,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369925903","tid":"24edaa42-9aa6-11f1-acf8-25f4ea69bef4","timestamp":"2026-08-18T01:43:00Z","description":"Agricultural economist","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jock_R._Anderson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jock_R._Anderson?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jock_R._Anderson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jock_R._Anderson"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jock_R._Anderson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jock_R._Anderson","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jock_R._Anderson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jock_R._Anderson"}},"extract":"Jock Robert Anderson is an Australian agricultural economist, specialising in agricultural development economics, risk and decision theory, and international rural development policy. Born in Monto, Queensland, he studied at the University of Queensland, attaining bachelor's and master's degrees in agricultural science. After graduation, Anderson joined the Faculty of Agricultural Economics at the University of New England. At New England, he focused on research in farm management, risk, and uncertainty and received a doctor of philosophy in economics in 1970. In 1977, Anderson co-authored a book, Agricultural Decision Analysis, which has served as an influential source on risk and decision analysis for agricultural economics researchers and the agricultural industry.","extract_html":"Jock Robert Anderson is an Australian agricultural economist, specialising in agricultural development economics, risk and decision theory, and international rural development policy. Born in Monto, Queensland, he studied at the University of Queensland, attaining bachelor's and master's degrees in agricultural science. After graduation, Anderson joined the Faculty of Agricultural Economics at the University of New England. At New England, he focused on research in farm management, risk, and uncertainty and received a doctor of philosophy in economics in 1970. In 1977, Anderson co-authored a book, Agricultural Decision Analysis, which has served as an influential source on risk and decision analysis for agricultural economics researchers and the agricultural industry.
","normalizedtitle":"Jock R. Anderson"}],"year":1941},{"text":"João Ubaldo Ribeiro, Brazilian journalist, author, and academic (died 2014)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"João_Ubaldo_Ribeiro","displaytitle":"João Ubaldo Ribeiro","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1140743","titles":{"canonical":"João_Ubaldo_Ribeiro","normalized":"João Ubaldo Ribeiro","display":"João Ubaldo Ribeiro"},"pageid":3771386,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Joao_Ubaldo_Ribeiro.jpg/330px-Joao_Ubaldo_Ribeiro.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":495},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Joao_Ubaldo_Ribeiro.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":683,"height":1024},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364894003","tid":"0074a695-8321-11f1-a603-4f0be36d343b","timestamp":"2026-07-19T03:21:59Z","description":"Brazilian writer, journalist, screenwriter and professor (1941–2014","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Ubaldo_Ribeiro","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Ubaldo_Ribeiro?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Ubaldo_Ribeiro?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jo%C3%A3o_Ubaldo_Ribeiro"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Ubaldo_Ribeiro","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jo%C3%A3o_Ubaldo_Ribeiro","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Ubaldo_Ribeiro?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jo%C3%A3o_Ubaldo_Ribeiro"}},"extract":"João Ubaldo Ribeiro was a Brazilian writer, journalist, screenwriter and professor. Several of his books and short stories have been turned into movies and TV series in Brazil. Ribeiro was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, being elected in 1994. At the time of his death many considered him to be Brazil's greatest contemporary novelist.","extract_html":"João Ubaldo Ribeiro was a Brazilian writer, journalist, screenwriter and professor. Several of his books and short stories have been turned into movies and TV series in Brazil. Ribeiro was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, being elected in 1994. At the time of his death many considered him to be Brazil's greatest contemporary novelist.
","normalizedtitle":"João Ubaldo Ribeiro"}],"year":1941},{"text":"Alan Cheuse, American writer and critic (died 2015)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Alan_Cheuse","displaytitle":"Alan Cheuse","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4706366","titles":{"canonical":"Alan_Cheuse","normalized":"Alan Cheuse","display":"Alan Cheuse"},"pageid":9746194,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Alan_cheuse_2007.jpg/330px-Alan_cheuse_2007.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":439},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Alan_cheuse_2007.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":423,"height":563},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371789046","tid":"1b9fe23b-a2e1-11f1-998e-799378074798","timestamp":"2026-08-28T13:05:14Z","description":"Novelist, short story writer, critic","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Cheuse","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Cheuse?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Cheuse?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alan_Cheuse"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Cheuse","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Alan_Cheuse","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Cheuse?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alan_Cheuse"}},"extract":"Alan Stuart Cheuse was an American writer, editor, professor of literature, and radio commentator. A longtime NPR book commentator, he was also the author of five novels, five collections of short stories and novellas, a memoir and a collection of travel essays. In addition, Cheuse was a regular contributor to All Things Considered. His short fiction appeared in respected publications like The New Yorker, Ploughshares, The Antioch Review, Prairie Schooner, among other places. He taught in the Writing Program at George Mason University and the Community of Writers.","extract_html":"Alan Stuart Cheuse was an American writer, editor, professor of literature, and radio commentator. A longtime NPR book commentator, he was also the author of five novels, five collections of short stories and novellas, a memoir and a collection of travel essays. In addition, Cheuse was a regular contributor to All Things Considered. His short fiction appeared in respected publications like The New Yorker, Ploughshares, The Antioch Review, Prairie Schooner, among other places. He taught in the Writing Program at George Mason University and the Community of Writers.
","normalizedtitle":"Alan Cheuse"}],"year":1940},{"text":"Joe Dowell, American singer (died 2016)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Joe_Dowell","displaytitle":"Joe Dowell","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1691397","titles":{"canonical":"Joe_Dowell","normalized":"Joe Dowell","display":"Joe Dowell"},"pageid":13819898,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Joe_Dowell.png/330px-Joe_Dowell.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":279},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Joe_Dowell.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":825,"height":697},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1363481086","tid":"2e902236-7c63-11f1-9d52-2650c61810bf","timestamp":"2026-07-10T13:28:05Z","description":"American pop singer (1940–2016)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Dowell","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Dowell?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Dowell?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Joe_Dowell"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Dowell","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Joe_Dowell","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Dowell?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Joe_Dowell"}},"extract":"Joe Dowell was an American pop singer.","extract_html":"Joe Dowell was an American pop singer.
","normalizedtitle":"Joe Dowell"}],"year":1940},{"text":"Ed Roberts, American activist (died 1995)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Ed_Roberts_(activist)","displaytitle":"Ed Roberts (activist)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q537832","titles":{"canonical":"Ed_Roberts_(activist)","normalized":"Ed Roberts (activist)","display":"Ed Roberts (activist)"},"pageid":2806144,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Edward_V_Roberts_%281981%29_%282%29.jpg/330px-Edward_V_Roberts_%281981%29_%282%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":354},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Edward_V_Roberts_%281981%29_%282%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1704,"height":1829},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374347909","tid":"5118f47e-ade2-11f1-88d2-8852673e0232","timestamp":"2026-09-11T13:11:36Z","description":"American activist","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Roberts_(activist)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Roberts_(activist)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Roberts_(activist)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ed_Roberts_(activist)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Roberts_(activist)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ed_Roberts_(activist)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Roberts_(activist)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ed_Roberts_(activist)"}},"extract":"Edward Verne Roberts was an American activist. He was the first wheelchair user to attend the University of California, Berkeley. He was a pioneering leader of the disability rights movement.","extract_html":"Edward Verne Roberts was an American activist. He was the first wheelchair user to attend the University of California, Berkeley. He was a pioneering leader of the disability rights movement.
","normalizedtitle":"Ed Roberts (activist)"}],"year":1939},{"text":"Giant Baba, Japanese wrestler and promoter, founded All Japan Pro Wrestling (died 1999)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Giant_Baba","displaytitle":"Giant Baba","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1387241","titles":{"canonical":"Giant_Baba","normalized":"Giant Baba","display":"Giant Baba"},"pageid":1665301,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Wrestling_-_Sikeston%2C_MO_1938_-_1.jpg/330px-Wrestling_-_Sikeston%2C_MO_1938_-_1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":228},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Wrestling_-_Sikeston%2C_MO_1938_-_1.jpg/3840px-Wrestling_-_Sikeston%2C_MO_1938_-_1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4229,"height":2923},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366194145","tid":"2ad1ef22-8931-11f1-bfe8-036f845a92ae","timestamp":"2026-07-26T20:32:49Z","description":"Japanese professional wrestler (1938–1999)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Baba","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Baba?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Baba?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Giant_Baba"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Baba","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Giant_Baba","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Baba?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Giant_Baba"}},"extract":"Shohei Baba , best known by his ring name Giant Baba , was a Japanese professional wrestler, promoter, and professional baseball player. He is best known as a co-founder of All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), a promotion he founded in 1972 along with Mitsuo Momota and Yoshihiro Momota, the sons of his mentor Rikidōzan. For the first 10 years of its existence, Baba was the top star of All Japan, while also serving as the booker, promoter, head trainer and president of the promotion from its inception in 1972 till his death in 1999. Baba was also responsible for recruiting much of the talent for All Japan, and was the public face of the promotion for much of his lifetime.","extract_html":"Shohei Baba , best known by his ring name Giant Baba , was a Japanese professional wrestler, promoter, and professional baseball player. He is best known as a co-founder of All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), a promotion he founded in 1972 along with Mitsuo Momota and Yoshihiro Momota, the sons of his mentor Rikidōzan. For the first 10 years of its existence, Baba was the top star of All Japan, while also serving as the booker, promoter, head trainer and president of the promotion from its inception in 1972 till his death in 1999. Baba was also responsible for recruiting much of the talent for All Japan, and was the public face of the promotion for much of his lifetime.
","normalizedtitle":"Giant Baba"},{"type":"standard","title":"All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling","displaytitle":"All Japan Pro Wrestling","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1359107","titles":{"canonical":"All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling","normalized":"All Japan Pro Wrestling","display":"All Japan Pro Wrestling"},"pageid":811141,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c9/All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling_Logo.png/330px-All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling_Logo.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":252},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c9/All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling_Logo.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":362,"height":276},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372023590","tid":"6d855dca-a3f4-11f1-a3f4-68b7bec85392","timestamp":"2026-08-29T21:56:03Z","description":"Japanese professional wrestling promotion","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling"}},"extract":"All Japan Pro-Wrestling is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion.","extract_html":"All Japan Pro-Wrestling is a Japanese professional wrestling promotion.
","normalizedtitle":"All Japan Pro Wrestling"}],"year":1938},{"text":"Georg Baselitz, German painter and sculptor (died 2026)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Georg_Baselitz","displaytitle":"Georg Baselitz","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q164775","titles":{"canonical":"Georg_Baselitz","normalized":"Georg Baselitz","display":"Georg Baselitz"},"pageid":501485,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Georg_Baselitz_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":300,"height":225},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Georg_Baselitz_by_Erling_Mandelmann.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":300,"height":225},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365234160","tid":"4a41c67e-84b4-11f1-aeb1-3e1f6336656f","timestamp":"2026-07-21T03:28:50Z","description":"German artist (1938–2026)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Baselitz","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Baselitz?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Baselitz?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Georg_Baselitz"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Baselitz","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Georg_Baselitz","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Baselitz?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Georg_Baselitz"}},"extract":"Georg Baselitz was a German-Austrian painter, sculptor and graphic artist. In the 1960s he became well known for his figurative, expressive paintings. In 1969 he began painting his subjects upside down in an effort to overcome the representational, content-driven character of his earlier work and stress the artifice of painting, which would become a defining feature of his later work. Drawing from myriad influences, including Socialist Realism, Mannerism, and African sculpture, he developed his own, distinct artistic language.","extract_html":"Georg Baselitz was a German-Austrian painter, sculptor and graphic artist. In the 1960s he became well known for his figurative, expressive paintings. In 1969 he began painting his subjects upside down in an effort to overcome the representational, content-driven character of his earlier work and stress the artifice of painting, which would become a defining feature of his later work. Drawing from myriad influences, including Socialist Realism, Mannerism, and African sculpture, he developed his own, distinct artistic language.
","normalizedtitle":"Georg Baselitz"}],"year":1938},{"text":"Jerry Kramer, American football player and sportscaster","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Jerry_Kramer","displaytitle":"Jerry Kramer","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q547622","titles":{"canonical":"Jerry_Kramer","normalized":"Jerry Kramer","display":"Jerry Kramer"},"pageid":1439741,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Jerry_Kramer_Topps_1959.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":240,"height":347},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Jerry_Kramer_Topps_1959.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":240,"height":347},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368939821","tid":"01c48917-95e2-11f1-acc0-b7deb170a337","timestamp":"2026-08-12T00:08:55Z","description":"American football player (born 1936)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Kramer","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Kramer?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Kramer?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jerry_Kramer"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Kramer","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jerry_Kramer","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Kramer?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jerry_Kramer"}},"extract":"Gerald Louis Kramer is an American former professional football player, author and sports commentator. He played 11 years as a guard and kicker with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2018.","extract_html":"Gerald Louis Kramer is an American former professional football player, author and sports commentator. He played 11 years as a guard and kicker with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2018.
","normalizedtitle":"Jerry Kramer"}],"year":1936},{"text":"Cécile Ousset, French pianist","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Cécile_Ousset","displaytitle":"Cécile Ousset","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3009784","titles":{"canonical":"Cécile_Ousset","normalized":"Cécile Ousset","display":"Cécile Ousset"},"pageid":1987584,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1334442003","tid":"c941a421-f871-11f0-bc33-2d700f90d889","timestamp":"2026-01-23T15:40:04Z","description":"French pianist","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Ousset","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Ousset?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Ousset?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:C%C3%A9cile_Ousset"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Ousset","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/C%C3%A9cile_Ousset","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Ousset?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:C%C3%A9cile_Ousset"}},"extract":"Cécile Ousset is a French pianist.","extract_html":"Cécile Ousset is a French pianist.
","normalizedtitle":"Cécile Ousset"}],"year":1936},{"text":"Mike Agostini, Trinidadian sprinter (died 2016)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Mike_Agostini","displaytitle":"Mike Agostini","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1933032","titles":{"canonical":"Mike_Agostini","normalized":"Mike Agostini","display":"Mike Agostini"},"pageid":11676489,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Mike_Agostini_1956b.jpg/330px-Mike_Agostini_1956b.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":519},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Mike_Agostini_1956b.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":486,"height":765},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370222828","tid":"c3971eb2-9c12-11f1-98fd-d69123fd3fe6","timestamp":"2026-08-19T21:13:03Z","description":"Trinidad and Tobago sprinter (1935–2016)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Agostini","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Agostini?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Agostini?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mike_Agostini"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Agostini","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Mike_Agostini","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Agostini?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mike_Agostini"}},"extract":"Michael George Raymond Agostini was a Trinidadian track and field athlete. He was the first athlete from his country to win a gold medal at what is now known as the Commonwealth Games, when he won the 100 yards final in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on 31 July 1954.","extract_html":"Michael George Raymond Agostini was a Trinidadian track and field athlete. He was the first athlete from his country to win a gold medal at what is now known as the Commonwealth Games, when he won the 100 yards final in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, on 31 July 1954.
","normalizedtitle":"Mike Agostini"}],"year":1935},{"text":"Tom Reamy, American author (died 1977)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Tom_Reamy","displaytitle":"Tom Reamy","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q328550","titles":{"canonical":"Tom_Reamy","normalized":"Tom Reamy","display":"Tom Reamy"},"pageid":334999,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/25/Tom_Reamy_%28by_Gil_Gaier%29.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":205,"height":204},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/25/Tom_Reamy_%28by_Gil_Gaier%29.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":205,"height":204},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371551022","tid":"f23b67ab-a1bf-11f1-ad23-d836f0b93c6d","timestamp":"2026-08-27T02:35:20Z","description":"American writer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Reamy","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Reamy?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Reamy?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tom_Reamy"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Reamy","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tom_Reamy","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Reamy?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tom_Reamy"}},"extract":"Tom Reamy was an American science fiction and fantasy author, and a key figure in 1960s and 1970s science fiction fandom. He died at age 42 prior to the publication of his first novel; his work is primarily dark fantasy.","extract_html":"Tom Reamy was an American science fiction and fantasy author, and a key figure in 1960s and 1970s science fiction fandom. He died at age 42 prior to the publication of his first novel; his work is primarily dark fantasy.
","normalizedtitle":"Tom Reamy"}],"year":1935},{"text":"Lou Antonio, American actor and director","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Lou_Antonio","displaytitle":"Lou Antonio","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3260112","titles":{"canonical":"Lou_Antonio","normalized":"Lou Antonio","display":"Lou Antonio"},"pageid":1460154,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Lou_Antonio_1973.JPG/330px-Lou_Antonio_1973.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":434},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Lou_Antonio_1973.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":704,"height":926},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372049571","tid":"3f63484b-a413-11f1-985e-1cf9b6cfaaad","timestamp":"2026-08-30T01:36:40Z","description":"American actor and TV director (born 1934)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Antonio","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Antonio?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Antonio?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Lou_Antonio"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Antonio","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Lou_Antonio","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou_Antonio?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Lou_Antonio"}},"extract":"Louis Antonio is an American actor and TV director best known for performing in the films Cool Hand Luke and America America. He also starred in two short-lived TV series, Dog and Cat, and Makin' It.","extract_html":"Louis Antonio is an American actor and TV director best known for performing in the films Cool Hand Luke and America America. He also starred in two short-lived TV series, Dog and Cat, and Makin' It.
","normalizedtitle":"Lou Antonio"}],"year":1934},{"text":"Pierre Bourgault, Canadian journalist and politician (died 2003)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Pierre_Bourgault","displaytitle":"Pierre Bourgault","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3384148","titles":{"canonical":"Pierre_Bourgault","normalized":"Pierre Bourgault","display":"Pierre Bourgault"},"pageid":525703,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372514077","tid":"2c8279b0-a5a9-11f1-a5a6-ac98d69b3156","timestamp":"2026-09-01T02:02:24Z","description":"Canadian politician (1934–2003)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bourgault","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bourgault?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bourgault?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pierre_Bourgault"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bourgault","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Pierre_Bourgault","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bourgault?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pierre_Bourgault"}},"extract":"Pierre Bourgault was a politician and essayist, as well as an actor and journalist, from Quebec, Canada. He is most famous as a public speaker who advocated sovereignty for Quebec from Canada.","extract_html":"Pierre Bourgault was a politician and essayist, as well as an actor and journalist, from Quebec, Canada. He is most famous as a public speaker who advocated sovereignty for Quebec from Canada.
","normalizedtitle":"Pierre Bourgault"}],"year":1934},{"text":"Bill Hayden, Australian politician, 21st Governor General of Australia (died 2023)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Bill_Hayden","displaytitle":"Bill Hayden","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q250087","titles":{"canonical":"Bill_Hayden","normalized":"Bill Hayden","display":"Bill Hayden"},"pageid":322642,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Bill_Hayden_1974_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Bill_Hayden_1974_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":462},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Bill_Hayden_1974_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":713,"height":998},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1352017821","tid":"80ce0b63-456b-11f1-bea7-fb7273011b13","timestamp":"2026-05-01T14:39:05Z","description":"Australian politician (1933–2023)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Hayden","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Hayden?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Hayden?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bill_Hayden"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Hayden","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Bill_Hayden","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Hayden?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bill_Hayden"}},"extract":"William George Hayden was an Australian politician who served as the 21st governor-general of Australia from 1989 to 1996. He was Leader of the Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition from 1977 to 1983, and served as Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade from 1983 to 1988 under Bob Hawke and as Treasurer of Australia in 1975 under Gough Whitlam.","extract_html":"William George Hayden was an Australian politician who served as the 21st governor-general of Australia from 1989 to 1996. He was Leader of the Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition from 1977 to 1983, and served as Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade from 1983 to 1988 under Bob Hawke and as Treasurer of Australia in 1975 under Gough Whitlam.
","normalizedtitle":"Bill Hayden"},{"type":"standard","title":"Governor-General_of_Australia","displaytitle":"Governor-General of Australia","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q610669","titles":{"canonical":"Governor-General_of_Australia","normalized":"Governor-General of Australia","display":"Governor-General of Australia"},"pageid":12601,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":165},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia.svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1200,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373668073","tid":"234b4ecd-aa7c-11f1-85b8-38445357fd96","timestamp":"2026-09-07T05:22:37Z","description":"Federal representative of the monarch","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Governor-General_of_Australia"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Governor-General_of_Australia","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Governor-General_of_Australia"}},"extract":"The governor-general of the Commonwealth of Australia is the federal representative of the monarch of Australia, currently Charles III. The governor-general has many constitutional and ceremonial functions in the Australian political system, in which they have independent agency. However, they are generally bound by convention to act on the advice of the prime minister and the Federal Executive Council. They also have a significant community role, through recognising meritorious groups and individuals, bestowing honours and awards, attending public events, serving as a patron of local organisations, and representing the country as a whole. The current governor-general is Sam Mostyn, who has served in the role since 1 July 2024.","extract_html":"The governor-general of the Commonwealth of Australia is the federal representative of the monarch of Australia, currently Charles III. The governor-general has many constitutional and ceremonial functions in the Australian political system, in which they have independent agency. However, they are generally bound by convention to act on the advice of the prime minister and the Federal Executive Council. They also have a significant community role, through recognising meritorious groups and individuals, bestowing honours and awards, attending public events, serving as a patron of local organisations, and representing the country as a whole. The current governor-general is Sam Mostyn, who has served in the role since 1 July 2024.
","normalizedtitle":"Governor-General of Australia"}],"year":1933},{"text":"Chita Rivera, American actress, singer, and dancer (died 2024)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Chita_Rivera","displaytitle":"Chita Rivera","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q450918","titles":{"canonical":"Chita_Rivera","normalized":"Chita Rivera","display":"Chita Rivera"},"pageid":901511,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Chita_Rivera_1.jpg/330px-Chita_Rivera_1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":448},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Chita_Rivera_1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1443,"height":1961},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365942781","tid":"a0906b35-880c-11f1-877e-ea34c7f55c5d","timestamp":"2026-07-25T09:38:44Z","description":"American actress, dancer and singer (1933–2024)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chita_Rivera","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chita_Rivera?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chita_Rivera?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Chita_Rivera"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chita_Rivera","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Chita_Rivera","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chita_Rivera?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Chita_Rivera"}},"extract":"Dolores Conchita Figueroa del Rivero, known professionally as Chita Rivera, was an American actress, singer, and dancer. Rivera received numerous accolades including two Tony Awards, two Drama Desk Awards, and a Drama League Award. She was the first Latina and the first Latino American to receive a Kennedy Center Honor in 2002, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009. She won the Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2018.","extract_html":"Dolores Conchita Figueroa del Rivero, known professionally as Chita Rivera, was an American actress, singer, and dancer. Rivera received numerous accolades including two Tony Awards, two Drama Desk Awards, and a Drama League Award. She was the first Latina and the first Latino American to receive a Kennedy Center Honor in 2002, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009. She won the Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2018.
","normalizedtitle":"Chita Rivera"}],"year":1933},{"text":"George Allen, English footballer (died 2016)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"George_Allen_(footballer,_born_1932)","displaytitle":"George Allen (footballer, born 1932)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5536193","titles":{"canonical":"George_Allen_(footballer,_born_1932)","normalized":"George Allen (footballer, born 1932)","display":"George Allen (footballer, born 1932)"},"pageid":5545362,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1352780886","tid":"b0d23101-4912-11f1-a1fd-94f16fe7836d","timestamp":"2026-05-06T06:13:25Z","description":"English footballer (1932–2016)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Allen_(footballer%2C_born_1932)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Allen_(footballer%2C_born_1932)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Allen_(footballer%2C_born_1932)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:George_Allen_(footballer%2C_born_1932)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Allen_(footballer%2C_born_1932)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/George_Allen_(footballer%2C_born_1932)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Allen_(footballer%2C_born_1932)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:George_Allen_(footballer%2C_born_1932)"}},"extract":"George Henry Allen was an English footballer who played more than 250 games in the Football League.","extract_html":"George Henry Allen was an English footballer who played more than 250 games in the Football League.
","normalizedtitle":"George Allen (footballer, born 1932)"}],"year":1932},{"text":"Larri Thomas, American actress and dancer (died 2013)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Larri_Thomas","displaytitle":"Larri Thomas","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q11837377","titles":{"canonical":"Larri_Thomas","normalized":"Larri Thomas","display":"Larri Thomas"},"pageid":11419228,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Larri_Thomas_1957.JPG/330px-Larri_Thomas_1957.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":436},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Larri_Thomas_1957.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1165,"height":1538},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371865838","tid":"584df633-a33e-11f1-9316-7cf7f1f01dbc","timestamp":"2026-08-29T00:12:39Z","description":"American actress","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larri_Thomas","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larri_Thomas?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larri_Thomas?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Larri_Thomas"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larri_Thomas","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Larri_Thomas","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larri_Thomas?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Larri_Thomas"}},"extract":"Larri Thomas was an American actress and dancer. She began her career by participating in a string of television commercials and eventually signed a contract with NBC. The network put on Thomas' shows, including Peter Gunn and The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour. She became one of the six Goldwyn Girls selected by Samuel Goldwyn to go on tour for the movie Guys and Dolls, in which she makes a brief appearance. Thomas was also in the movies Mary Poppins and Island of Love. She was the stand-in for Julie Andrews in some flying sequences in Mary Poppins and her stand-in in The Sound of Music. Thomas also appeared in movies and television with Dean Martin. In her later years, she appeared in Dynasty, Cheers, and Coach.","extract_html":"Larri Thomas was an American actress and dancer. She began her career by participating in a string of television commercials and eventually signed a contract with NBC. The network put on Thomas' shows, including Peter Gunn and The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour. She became one of the six Goldwyn Girls selected by Samuel Goldwyn to go on tour for the movie Guys and Dolls, in which she makes a brief appearance. Thomas was also in the movies Mary Poppins and Island of Love. She was the stand-in for Julie Andrews in some flying sequences in Mary Poppins and her stand-in in The Sound of Music. Thomas also appeared in movies and television with Dean Martin. In her later years, she appeared in Dynasty, Cheers, and Coach.
","normalizedtitle":"Larri Thomas"}],"year":1932},{"text":"Tanya Savicheva, Russian child diarist (died 1944)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Tanya_Savicheva","displaytitle":"Tanya Savicheva","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q48364","titles":{"canonical":"Tanya_Savicheva","normalized":"Tanya Savicheva","display":"Tanya Savicheva"},"pageid":337525,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tanya_Savicheva_2.jpg/330px-Tanya_Savicheva_2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":500},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Tanya_Savicheva_2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3298,"height":5000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1361821445","tid":"316a655a-745e-11f1-b7a5-de8a853004b3","timestamp":"2026-06-30T08:32:13Z","description":"Russian diarist and victim of the Siege of Leningrad","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Savicheva","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Savicheva?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Savicheva?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tanya_Savicheva"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Savicheva","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tanya_Savicheva","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya_Savicheva?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tanya_Savicheva"}},"extract":"Tatyana Nikolayevna Savicheva, commonly referred to as Tanya Savicheva, was a Soviet Russian teenage diarist who wrote a diary for several months, whilst enduring the siege of Leningrad during World War II. During the siege, Savicheva wrote the successive and unfortunate deaths of each member of her family from starvation and diseases such as dysentery and dystrophy over four and a half months in her diary, with the last family member to die being her mother, Mariya, on 13 May 1942. After her mother died, Tanya Savicheva wrote her final diary entry: The Savichevs are dead. Everyone is dead. Only Tanya is left. Savicheva was evacuated from the besieged Leningrad and sent to live in an orphanage, she eventually died from tuberculosis on 1 July 1944, at the age of 14, in Gorky Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.","extract_html":"Tatyana Nikolayevna Savicheva, commonly referred to as Tanya Savicheva, was a Soviet Russian teenage diarist who wrote a diary for several months, whilst enduring the siege of Leningrad during World War II. During the siege, Savicheva wrote the successive and unfortunate deaths of each member of her family from starvation and diseases such as dysentery and dystrophy over four and a half months in her diary, with the last family member to die being her mother, Mariya, on 13 May 1942. After her mother died, Tanya Savicheva wrote her final diary entry: The Savichevs are dead. Everyone is dead. Only Tanya is left. Savicheva was evacuated from the besieged Leningrad and sent to live in an orphanage, she eventually died from tuberculosis on 1 July 1944, at the age of 14, in Gorky Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union.
","normalizedtitle":"Tanya Savicheva"}],"year":1930},{"text":"Mervyn Rose, Australian tennis player (died 2017)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Mervyn_Rose","displaytitle":"Mervyn Rose","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q913948","titles":{"canonical":"Mervyn_Rose","normalized":"Mervyn Rose","display":"Mervyn Rose"},"pageid":2201690,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Mervyn_Rose.png/330px-Mervyn_Rose.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":505},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Mervyn_Rose.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":551,"height":843},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1298732551","tid":"87441751-58bb-11f0-97bb-345e29ab46bf","timestamp":"2025-07-04T09:44:50Z","description":"Australian tennis player","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mervyn_Rose","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mervyn_Rose?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mervyn_Rose?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mervyn_Rose"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mervyn_Rose","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Mervyn_Rose","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mervyn_Rose?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mervyn_Rose"}},"extract":"Mervyn Gordon Rose AM was an Australian male tennis player who won seven Grand Slam titles.","extract_html":"Mervyn Gordon Rose AM was an Australian male tennis player who won seven Grand Slam titles.
","normalizedtitle":"Mervyn Rose"}],"year":1930},{"text":"Derek Walcott, Saint Lucian poet and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2017)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Derek_Walcott","displaytitle":"Derek Walcott","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q132701","titles":{"canonical":"Derek_Walcott","normalized":"Derek Walcott","display":"Derek Walcott"},"pageid":8945,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Derek_Walcott.jpg/330px-Derek_Walcott.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":495},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Derek_Walcott.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2912,"height":4368},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371386812","tid":"ec357d19-a106-11f1-8cd1-9f9d5d9bb86e","timestamp":"2026-08-26T04:30:53Z","description":"Saint Lucian poet and playwright (1930–2017)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Walcott","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Walcott?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Walcott?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Derek_Walcott"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Walcott","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Derek_Walcott","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek_Walcott?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Derek_Walcott"}},"extract":"Sir Derek Alton Walcott was a Saint Lucian poet and playwright.","extract_html":"Sir Derek Alton Walcott was a Saint Lucian poet and playwright.
","normalizedtitle":"Derek Walcott"},{"type":"standard","title":"Nobel_Prize_in_Literature","displaytitle":"Nobel Prize in Literature","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q37922","titles":{"canonical":"Nobel_Prize_in_Literature","normalized":"Nobel Prize in Literature","display":"Nobel Prize in Literature"},"pageid":23385442,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/330px-Nobel_Prize.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":325},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":500,"height":492},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373578836","tid":"814c4849-aa24-11f1-a0dc-16ad0e2e63ca","timestamp":"2026-09-06T18:55:19Z","description":"Prize established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Literature"}},"extract":"The Nobel Prize in Literature, here meaning for Literature, is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of Alfred Nobel, \"in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction\". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize.","extract_html":"The Nobel Prize in Literature, here meaning for Literature, is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words of Alfred Nobel, \"in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction\". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize.
","normalizedtitle":"Nobel Prize in Literature"}],"year":1930},{"text":"Teresa Żylis-Gara, Polish operatic soprano (died 2021)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Teresa_Żylis-Gara","displaytitle":"Teresa Żylis-Gara","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q515798","titles":{"canonical":"Teresa_Żylis-Gara","normalized":"Teresa Żylis-Gara","display":"Teresa Żylis-Gara"},"pageid":6986696,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Teresa_Zylis_Gara_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Teresa_Zylis_Gara_%28cropped%29.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":309},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Teresa_Zylis_Gara_%28cropped%29.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":380,"height":356},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1344031589","tid":"6fdf6b64-224b-11f1-9e9a-c51803f49027","timestamp":"2026-03-17T21:51:22Z","description":"Polish operatic soprano (1930–2021)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_%C5%BBylis-Gara","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_%C5%BBylis-Gara?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_%C5%BBylis-Gara?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Teresa_%C5%BBylis-Gara"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_%C5%BBylis-Gara","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Teresa_%C5%BBylis-Gara","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teresa_%C5%BBylis-Gara?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Teresa_%C5%BBylis-Gara"}},"extract":"Teresa Żylis-Gara was a Polish operatic soprano who enjoyed a major international career from the 1950s through the 1990s.","extract_html":"Teresa Żylis-Gara was a Polish operatic soprano who enjoyed a major international career from the 1950s through the 1990s.
","normalizedtitle":"Teresa Żylis-Gara"}],"year":1930},{"text":"Myron Cope, American journalist and sportscaster (died 2008)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Myron_Cope","displaytitle":"Myron Cope","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q6948426","titles":{"canonical":"Myron_Cope","normalized":"Myron Cope","display":"Myron Cope"},"pageid":834425,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7c/Myron_Cope.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":330,"height":241},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7c/Myron_Cope.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":330,"height":241},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370864093","tid":"436504bb-9ef7-11f1-b247-b0d91777c6f5","timestamp":"2026-08-23T13:33:45Z","description":"American sports journalist (1929–2008)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_Cope","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_Cope?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_Cope?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Myron_Cope"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_Cope","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Myron_Cope","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_Cope?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Myron_Cope"}},"extract":"Myron Sidney Kopelman, known professionally as Myron Cope, was an American sports journalist, radio personality, and sportscaster. He is best known for being \"the voice of the Pittsburgh Steelers\".","extract_html":"Myron Sidney Kopelman, known professionally as Myron Cope, was an American sports journalist, radio personality, and sportscaster. He is best known for being \"the voice of the Pittsburgh Steelers\".
","normalizedtitle":"Myron Cope"}],"year":1929},{"text":"Filaret Denysenko, Ukrainian religious leader, Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate (died 2026)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Filaret_Denysenko","displaytitle":"Filaret Denysenko","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q695966","titles":{"canonical":"Filaret_Denysenko","normalized":"Filaret Denysenko","display":"Filaret Denysenko"},"pageid":1578186,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Philaret_%28Denysenko%29.jpg/330px-Philaret_%28Denysenko%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Philaret_%28Denysenko%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":485,"height":646},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370837542","tid":"56b3a844-9ed6-11f1-ae6b-2ce058d4749c","timestamp":"2026-08-23T09:38:04Z","description":"Ukrainian Orthodox religious leader (1929–2026)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filaret_Denysenko","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filaret_Denysenko?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filaret_Denysenko?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Filaret_Denysenko"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filaret_Denysenko","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Filaret_Denysenko","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filaret_Denysenko?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Filaret_Denysenko"}},"extract":"Patriarch Filaret was a Ukrainian religious leader, serving as the primate and Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church–Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC–KP). The Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), which he left in 2019, viewed him as the Honorary Patriarch emeritus, while the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople recognized him as a former Metropolitan of Kyiv.","extract_html":"Patriarch Filaret was a Ukrainian religious leader, serving as the primate and Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church–Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC–KP). The Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU), which he left in 2019, viewed him as the Honorary Patriarch emeritus, while the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople recognized him as a former Metropolitan of Kyiv.
","normalizedtitle":"Filaret Denysenko"},{"type":"standard","title":"Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_–_Kyiv_Patriarchate","displaytitle":"Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q389676","titles":{"canonical":"Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_–_Kyiv_Patriarchate","normalized":"Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate","display":"Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate"},"pageid":1578073,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_emblem.png/330px-Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_emblem.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":342},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_emblem.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":688,"height":714},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365985791","tid":"ef57fa5f-8840-11f1-bf83-58678538c862","timestamp":"2026-07-25T15:53:10Z","description":"Unrecognized Eastern Orthodox church","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_%E2%80%93_Kyiv_Patriarchate"}},"extract":"The Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate is an Eastern Orthodox church.","extract_html":"The Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate is an Eastern Orthodox church.
","normalizedtitle":"Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate"}],"year":1929},{"text":"Phillip Knightley, Australian journalist, author, and critic (died 2016)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Phillip_Knightley","displaytitle":"Phillip Knightley","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5915325","titles":{"canonical":"Phillip_Knightley","normalized":"Phillip Knightley","display":"Phillip Knightley"},"pageid":4142206,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1355356384","tid":"aebcc646-5505-11f1-9726-fabb67679d88","timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:10:32Z","description":"Australian journalist (1929–2016)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Knightley","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Knightley?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Knightley?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Phillip_Knightley"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Knightley","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Phillip_Knightley","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Knightley?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Phillip_Knightley"}},"extract":"Phillip George Knightley was an Australian journalist, critic, and non-fiction author. He became a visiting Professor of Journalism at the University of Lincoln, England, and was a media commentator on the intelligence services and propaganda.","extract_html":"Phillip George Knightley was an Australian journalist, critic, and non-fiction author. He became a visiting Professor of Journalism at the University of Lincoln, England, and was a media commentator on the intelligence services and propaganda.
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","normalizedtitle":"Lars-Eric Lindblad"}],"year":1927},{"text":"Fred Williams, Australian painter (died 1982)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Fred_Williams_(artist)","displaytitle":"Fred Williams (artist)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1565078","titles":{"canonical":"Fred_Williams_(artist)","normalized":"Fred Williams (artist)","display":"Fred Williams (artist)"},"pageid":2488232,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/52/Fred-Williams-1981.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":271,"height":367},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/52/Fred-Williams-1981.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":271,"height":367},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364911138","tid":"f90dc65e-8339-11f1-9c6e-fc646878ee24","timestamp":"2026-07-19T06:20:44Z","description":"Australian painter and printmaker","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Williams_(artist)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Williams_(artist)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Williams_(artist)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fred_Williams_(artist)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Williams_(artist)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Fred_Williams_(artist)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Williams_(artist)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fred_Williams_(artist)"}},"extract":"Frederick Ronald Williams was an Australian painter and printmaker. He was one of Australia's most important artists, and one of the twentieth century's major landscapists. He had more than seventy solo exhibitions during his career in Australian galleries, as well as the exhibition Fred Williams - Landscapes of a Continent at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1977.","extract_html":"Frederick Ronald Williams was an Australian painter and printmaker. He was one of Australia's most important artists, and one of the twentieth century's major landscapists. He had more than seventy solo exhibitions during his career in Australian galleries, as well as the exhibition Fred Williams - Landscapes of a Continent at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1977.
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","normalizedtitle":"Bal Thackeray"}],"year":1926},{"text":"Marty Paich, American pianist, composer, producer, and conductor (died 1995)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Marty_Paich","displaytitle":"Marty Paich","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q358879","titles":{"canonical":"Marty_Paich","normalized":"Marty Paich","display":"Marty Paich"},"pageid":5542106,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5d/Marty_Paich%2C_musician.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":222,"height":153},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5d/Marty_Paich%2C_musician.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":222,"height":153},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367446579","tid":"0906d969-8eee-11f1-9bc4-17f0428c40da","timestamp":"2026-08-03T03:47:23Z","description":"American pianist, composer and conductor (1925–1995)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marty_Paich","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marty_Paich?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marty_Paich?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marty_Paich"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marty_Paich","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Marty_Paich","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marty_Paich?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marty_Paich"}},"extract":"Martin Louis Paich was an American pianist, composer, arranger, record producer, music director, and conductor. As a musician and arranger he worked with jazz musicians Peggy Lee, Ella Fitzgerald, Stan Kenton, Al Hirt, Art Pepper, Buddy Rich, Ray Brown, Shorty Rogers, Pete Rugolo, Ray Charles, Barbra Streisand, and Mel Tormé. His long association with Tormé included one of the singer's earliest albums, Mel Tormé with the Marty Paich Dek-Tette. Over the next three decades he worked with pop singers such as Andy Williams and Jack Jones and for film and television. He is the father of David Paich, a founding member of the rock band Toto.","extract_html":"Martin Louis Paich was an American pianist, composer, arranger, record producer, music director, and conductor. As a musician and arranger he worked with jazz musicians Peggy Lee, Ella Fitzgerald, Stan Kenton, Al Hirt, Art Pepper, Buddy Rich, Ray Brown, Shorty Rogers, Pete Rugolo, Ray Charles, Barbra Streisand, and Mel Tormé. His long association with Tormé included one of the singer's earliest albums, Mel Tormé with the Marty Paich Dek-Tette. Over the next three decades he worked with pop singers such as Andy Williams and Jack Jones and for film and television. He is the father of David Paich, a founding member of the rock band Toto.
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","normalizedtitle":"Frank Lautenberg"}],"year":1924},{"text":"Horace Ashenfelter, American runner (died 2018)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Horace_Ashenfelter","displaytitle":"Horace Ashenfelter","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q957130","titles":{"canonical":"Horace_Ashenfelter","normalized":"Horace Ashenfelter","display":"Horace Ashenfelter"},"pageid":773783,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Ashenfelten_USA_3000m_Steeple_Chase%2C_Bestanddeelnr_905-2434.jpg/330px-Ashenfelten_USA_3000m_Steeple_Chase%2C_Bestanddeelnr_905-2434.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":448},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Ashenfelten_USA_3000m_Steeple_Chase%2C_Bestanddeelnr_905-2434.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2104,"height":2857},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364281654","tid":"823da9bc-806f-11f1-9933-a6ab94b4442f","timestamp":"2026-07-15T17:06:24Z","description":"American athlete (1923–2018)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Ashenfelter","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Ashenfelter?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Ashenfelter?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Horace_Ashenfelter"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Ashenfelter","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Horace_Ashenfelter","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Ashenfelter?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Horace_Ashenfelter"}},"extract":"Horace Ashenfelter III was an American athlete. He competed in international athletics from 1947 to 1956. He won fifteen AAU nationals titles and three collegiate national titles during his career.","extract_html":"Horace Ashenfelter III was an American athlete. He competed in international athletics from 1947 to 1956. He won fifteen AAU nationals titles and three collegiate national titles during his career.
","normalizedtitle":"Horace Ashenfelter"}],"year":1923},{"text":"Walter M. Miller, Jr., American soldier and author (died 1996)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Walter_M._Miller_Jr.","displaytitle":"Walter M. Miller Jr.","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q357839","titles":{"canonical":"Walter_M._Miller_Jr.","normalized":"Walter M. Miller Jr.","display":"Walter M. Miller Jr."},"pageid":206635,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/81/Walter-m-miller-1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":188,"height":250},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/81/Walter-m-miller-1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":188,"height":250},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371738002","tid":"ec658396-a298-11f1-a927-cbc340026eef","timestamp":"2026-08-28T04:28:31Z","description":"American writer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_M._Miller_Jr.","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_M._Miller_Jr.?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_M._Miller_Jr.?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Walter_M._Miller_Jr."},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_M._Miller_Jr.","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Walter_M._Miller_Jr.","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_M._Miller_Jr.?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Walter_M._Miller_Jr."}},"extract":"Walter Michael Miller Jr. was an American science fiction writer. He wrote short stories that became a celebrated fix-up novel, A Canticle for Leibowitz (1959). His only novel published in his lifetime, it won the 1961 Hugo Award for Best Novel.","extract_html":"Walter Michael Miller Jr. was an American science fiction writer. He wrote short stories that became a celebrated fix-up novel, A Canticle for Leibowitz (1959). His only novel published in his lifetime, it won the 1961 Hugo Award for Best Novel.
","normalizedtitle":"Walter M. Miller Jr."}],"year":1923},{"text":"Leon Golub, American painter and academic (died 2004)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Leon_Golub","displaytitle":"Leon Golub","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q475655","titles":{"canonical":"Leon_Golub","normalized":"Leon Golub","display":"Leon Golub"},"pageid":904847,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/06/Leon_Golub.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":330,"height":302},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/06/Leon_Golub.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":330,"height":302},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364551547","tid":"44d539ca-8199-11f1-a582-237b5037b388","timestamp":"2026-07-17T04:37:51Z","description":"American painter (1922–2004)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Golub","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Golub?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Golub?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Leon_Golub"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Golub","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Leon_Golub","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Golub?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Leon_Golub"}},"extract":"Leon Golub was an American painter. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, where he also studied, receiving his BA at the University of Chicago in 1942, and his BFA and MFA at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 1949 and 1950, respectively.","extract_html":"Leon Golub was an American painter. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, where he also studied, receiving his BA at the University of Chicago in 1942, and his BFA and MFA at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 1949 and 1950, respectively.
","normalizedtitle":"Leon Golub"}],"year":1922},{"text":"Tom Lewis, Australian politician, 33rd Premier of New South Wales (died 2016)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Tom_Lewis_(Australian_politician)","displaytitle":"Tom Lewis (Australian politician)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3525352","titles":{"canonical":"Tom_Lewis_(Australian_politician)","normalized":"Tom Lewis (Australian politician)","display":"Tom Lewis (Australian politician)"},"pageid":2702583,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Tom_Lewis_1975_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Tom_Lewis_1975_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":413},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Tom_Lewis_1975_%281%29_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":384,"height":480},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1350845334","tid":"1ea2631f-3fcd-11f1-ae69-2a93a09643d5","timestamp":"2026-04-24T11:02:44Z","description":"New South Wales Premier","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Lewis_(Australian_politician)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Lewis_(Australian_politician)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Lewis_(Australian_politician)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tom_Lewis_(Australian_politician)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Lewis_(Australian_politician)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tom_Lewis_(Australian_politician)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Lewis_(Australian_politician)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tom_Lewis_(Australian_politician)"}},"extract":"Thomas Lancelot Lewis was a New South Wales politician who served as the 33rd Premier of New South Wales from 1975 to 1976, and served as a minister in the cabinets of Sir Robert Askin and Sir Eric Willis. He became Premier following Askin's retirement from politics and held the position until he was replaced by Willis in a party vote. Lewis was first elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Electoral district of Wollondilly for the Liberal Party in 1957, and served until his resignation in 1978.","extract_html":"Thomas Lancelot Lewis was a New South Wales politician who served as the 33rd Premier of New South Wales from 1975 to 1976, and served as a minister in the cabinets of Sir Robert Askin and Sir Eric Willis. He became Premier following Askin's retirement from politics and held the position until he was replaced by Willis in a party vote. Lewis was first elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for the Electoral district of Wollondilly for the Liberal Party in 1957, and served until his resignation in 1978.
","normalizedtitle":"Tom Lewis (Australian politician)"},{"type":"standard","title":"Premier_of_New_South_Wales","displaytitle":"Premier of New South Wales","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q13527950","titles":{"canonical":"Premier_of_New_South_Wales","normalized":"Premier of New South Wales","display":"Premier of New South Wales"},"pageid":24654,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_Arms_of_New_South_Wales.svg/330px-Coat_of_Arms_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":229},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Coat_of_Arms_of_New_South_Wales.svg/1280px-Coat_of_Arms_of_New_South_Wales.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1000,"height":693},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373758340","tid":"3c4318f0-aaf3-11f1-8b29-81d80c84b148","timestamp":"2026-09-07T19:35:09Z","description":"Head of government of New South Wales","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Premier_of_New_South_Wales"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Premier_of_New_South_Wales","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Premier_of_New_South_Wales"}},"extract":"The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with the Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the Governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.","extract_html":"The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System, with the Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the Governor of New South Wales, and by modern convention holds office by their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly.
","normalizedtitle":"Premier of New South Wales"}],"year":1922},{"text":"Gottfried Böhm, German architect (died 2021)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Gottfried_Böhm","displaytitle":"Gottfried Böhm","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q76841","titles":{"canonical":"Gottfried_Böhm","normalized":"Gottfried Böhm","display":"Gottfried Böhm"},"pageid":2684597,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Gottfried_B%C3%B6hm_2015.jpg/330px-Gottfried_B%C3%B6hm_2015.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":393},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Gottfried_B%C3%B6hm_2015.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1171,"height":1396},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372226315","tid":"169c8887-a4c7-11f1-8290-43a9cec2a1be","timestamp":"2026-08-30T23:04:01Z","description":"German architect and sculptor (1920–2021)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_B%C3%B6hm","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_B%C3%B6hm?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_B%C3%B6hm?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gottfried_B%C3%B6hm"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_B%C3%B6hm","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Gottfried_B%C3%B6hm","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_B%C3%B6hm?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gottfried_B%C3%B6hm"}},"extract":"Gottfried Böhm was a German architect and sculptor. His reputation is based on creating highly sculptural buildings made of concrete, steel, and glass. Böhm's first independent building was the Cologne chapel \"Madonna in the Rubble\". The chapel was completed in 1949 where a medieval church once stood before it was destroyed during World War II. Böhm's most influential and recognized building is the Maria, Königin des Friedens pilgrimage church in Neviges.","extract_html":"Gottfried Böhm was a German architect and sculptor. His reputation is based on creating highly sculptural buildings made of concrete, steel, and glass. Böhm's first independent building was the Cologne chapel \"Madonna in the Rubble\". The chapel was completed in 1949 where a medieval church once stood before it was destroyed during World War II. Böhm's most influential and recognized building is the Maria, Königin des Friedens pilgrimage church in Neviges.
","normalizedtitle":"Gottfried Böhm"}],"year":1920},{"text":"Henry Eriksson, Swedish runner (died 2000)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Henry_Eriksson","displaytitle":"Henry Eriksson","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q958508","titles":{"canonical":"Henry_Eriksson","normalized":"Henry Eriksson","display":"Henry Eriksson"},"pageid":822324,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Henry_Eriksson_and_Lennart_Strand_1947.jpg/330px-Henry_Eriksson_and_Lennart_Strand_1947.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":333},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Henry_Eriksson_and_Lennart_Strand_1947.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1842,"height":1859},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364241250","tid":"235f3b5c-803d-11f1-bb90-256762ec3a06","timestamp":"2026-07-15T11:05:50Z","description":"Swedish middle-distance runner","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Eriksson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Eriksson?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Eriksson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Henry_Eriksson"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Eriksson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Henry_Eriksson","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Eriksson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Henry_Eriksson"}},"extract":"Knut Henry \"Krylbo\" Eriksson was a Swedish middle-distance runner who specialized in the 1500 m event. In 1946 he finished second behind Lennart Strand, both at the national and European Championships. On 15 July 1947, at the national championships at Malmö, Eriksson and Strand had a very close 1500 m race. Strand won, equaling the world record at 3:43.0, and Eriksson finished second, setting his all-time personal best at 3:44.4. Eriksson beat Strand at the 1948 Swedish Championships and at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He retired the same year and returned to his work as a fireman.","extract_html":"Knut Henry \"Krylbo\" Eriksson was a Swedish middle-distance runner who specialized in the 1500 m event. In 1946 he finished second behind Lennart Strand, both at the national and European Championships. On 15 July 1947, at the national championships at Malmö, Eriksson and Strand had a very close 1500 m race. Strand won, equaling the world record at 3:43.0, and Eriksson finished second, setting his all-time personal best at 3:44.4. Eriksson beat Strand at the 1948 Swedish Championships and at the 1948 Summer Olympics. He retired the same year and returned to his work as a fireman.
","normalizedtitle":"Henry Eriksson"}],"year":1920},{"text":"Walter Frederick Morrison, American businessman, invented the Frisbee (died 2010)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Walter_Frederick_Morrison","displaytitle":"Walter Frederick Morrison","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q522207","titles":{"canonical":"Walter_Frederick_Morrison","normalized":"Walter Frederick Morrison","display":"Walter Frederick Morrison"},"pageid":3078436,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Walter_Frederick_Morrison.jpg/330px-Walter_Frederick_Morrison.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":264},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Walter_Frederick_Morrison.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1263,"height":1010},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1340370664","tid":"c6e4b799-122a-11f1-99fa-d80f69c84df8","timestamp":"2026-02-25T09:17:16Z","description":"American inventor (1920-2010)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Walter_Frederick_Morrison"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Walter_Frederick_Morrison","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Walter_Frederick_Morrison"}},"extract":"Walter Frederick Morrison was an American inventor and entrepreneur, who invented the Frisbee.","extract_html":"Walter Frederick Morrison was an American inventor and entrepreneur, who invented the Frisbee.
","normalizedtitle":"Walter Frederick Morrison"},{"type":"standard","title":"Frisbee","displaytitle":"Frisbee","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q131689","titles":{"canonical":"Frisbee","normalized":"Frisbee","display":"Frisbee"},"pageid":10687,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Frisbee_090719.jpg/330px-Frisbee_090719.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Frisbee_090719.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1024,"height":768},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374050587","tid":"d5d907fc-ac5a-11f1-9a18-d60a36c148c4","timestamp":"2026-09-09T14:29:16Z","description":"Throwing toy","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frisbee"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Frisbee","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frisbee"}},"extract":"A frisbee, also called a flying disc or simply a disc, is a gliding toy or sporting item generally made of injection-molded plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimetres in diameter with a pronounced lip. It is used recreationally and competitively for throwing and catching, as in flying disc games. The shape of the disc is an airfoil in cross-section which allows it to fly by reducing the drag and increasing lift as it moves through the air, compared to a flat plate. Spinning the disc imparts a stabilizing gyroscopic force, allowing it to be both aimed with accuracy and thrown for distance.","extract_html":"A frisbee, also called a flying disc or simply a disc, is a gliding toy or sporting item generally made of injection-molded plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimetres in diameter with a pronounced lip. It is used recreationally and competitively for throwing and catching, as in flying disc games. The shape of the disc is an airfoil in cross-section which allows it to fly by reducing the drag and increasing lift as it moves through the air, compared to a flat plate. Spinning the disc imparts a stabilizing gyroscopic force, allowing it to be both aimed with accuracy and thrown for distance.
","normalizedtitle":"Frisbee"}],"year":1920},{"text":"Frances Bay, Canadian-American actress (died 2011)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Frances_Bay","displaytitle":"Frances Bay","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q292446","titles":{"canonical":"Frances_Bay","normalized":"Frances Bay","display":"Frances Bay"},"pageid":3434494,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3c/Frances_bay.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":278,"height":351},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3c/Frances_bay.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":278,"height":351},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370295729","tid":"da685ccd-9c68-11f1-9895-23d4b9531048","timestamp":"2026-08-20T07:29:18Z","description":"American actress (1919–2011)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Bay","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Bay?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Bay?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frances_Bay"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Bay","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Frances_Bay","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Bay?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frances_Bay"}},"extract":"Frances Evelyn Bay was a Canadian and American character actress and comedian. In a career that spanned 80 years, she acted in a variety of roles both in film and television. Bay was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in 2008.","extract_html":"Frances Evelyn Bay was a Canadian and American character actress and comedian. In a career that spanned 80 years, she acted in a variety of roles both in film and television. Bay was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame in 2008.
","normalizedtitle":"Frances Bay"}],"year":1919},{"text":"Hans Hass, Austrian biologist and diver (died 2013)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Hans_Hass","displaytitle":"Hans Hass","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q78828","titles":{"canonical":"Hans_Hass","normalized":"Hans Hass","display":"Hans Hass"},"pageid":619853,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Hans_Hass.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":268,"height":368},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Hans_Hass.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":268,"height":368},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1354909747","tid":"badb3396-5307-11f1-a862-1c050fce8429","timestamp":"2026-05-18T22:20:09Z","description":"Austrian biologist, film-maker, and underwater diving pioneer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Hass","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Hass?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Hass?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hans_Hass"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Hass","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Hans_Hass","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Hass?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hans_Hass"}},"extract":"Hans Hass was an Austrian biologist and underwater diving pioneer. He was known mainly for being among the first scientists to popularise coral reefs, stingrays, octopuses and sharks. He pioneered the making of documentaries filmed underwater and led the development of a type of rebreather. He is also known for his energon theory and his commitment to protecting the environment.","extract_html":"Hans Hass was an Austrian biologist and underwater diving pioneer. He was known mainly for being among the first scientists to popularise coral reefs, stingrays, octopuses and sharks. He pioneered the making of documentaries filmed underwater and led the development of a type of rebreather. He is also known for his energon theory and his commitment to protecting the environment.
","normalizedtitle":"Hans Hass"}],"year":1919},{"text":"Ernie Kovacs, American actor and game show host (died 1962)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Ernie_Kovacs","displaytitle":"Ernie Kovacs","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q990890","titles":{"canonical":"Ernie_Kovacs","normalized":"Ernie Kovacs","display":"Ernie Kovacs"},"pageid":99970,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Ernie_kovacs_1956.JPG/330px-Ernie_kovacs_1956.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":498},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Ernie_kovacs_1956.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":574,"height":866},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366127725","tid":"49fb5ef8-88ee-11f1-9c6e-327c17138a37","timestamp":"2026-07-26T12:34:05Z","description":"American comedian (1919–1962)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Kovacs","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Kovacs?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Kovacs?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ernie_Kovacs"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Kovacs","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ernie_Kovacs","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Kovacs?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ernie_Kovacs"}},"extract":"Ernest Edward Kovacs was an American comedian, actor, and writer.","extract_html":"Ernest Edward Kovacs was an American comedian, actor, and writer.
","normalizedtitle":"Ernie Kovacs"}],"year":1919},{"text":"Bob Paisley, English footballer and manager (died 1996)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Bob_Paisley","displaytitle":"Bob Paisley","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q314436","titles":{"canonical":"Bob_Paisley","normalized":"Bob Paisley","display":"Bob Paisley"},"pageid":1142554,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/47/Bob_Paisley.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":273,"height":364},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/47/Bob_Paisley.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":273,"height":364},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372828350","tid":"e5dd6cee-a6d3-11f1-98f6-8c7b63206e46","timestamp":"2026-09-02T13:40:45Z","description":"English footballer and manager (1919–1996)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Paisley","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Paisley?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Paisley?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bob_Paisley"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Paisley","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Bob_Paisley","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Paisley?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bob_Paisley"}},"extract":"Robert Paisley was an English professional football manager and player who played as a wing-half. He spent almost 50 years with Liverpool and is regarded as one of the greatest managers of all time. Reluctantly taking the job in 1974, he built on the foundations laid by his predecessor Bill Shankly and went on to become the most successful English manager in history. Paisley is the first of five managers to have won the European Cup three times. He is also one of five managers to have won the English top-flight championship as both a player and manager at the same club.","extract_html":"Robert Paisley was an English professional football manager and player who played as a wing-half. He spent almost 50 years with Liverpool and is regarded as one of the greatest managers of all time. Reluctantly taking the job in 1974, he built on the foundations laid by his predecessor Bill Shankly and went on to become the most successful English manager in history. Paisley is the first of five managers to have won the European Cup three times. He is also one of five managers to have won the English top-flight championship as both a player and manager at the same club.
","normalizedtitle":"Bob Paisley"}],"year":1919},{"text":"Gertrude B. Elion, American biochemist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1999)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Gertrude_B._Elion","displaytitle":"Gertrude B. Elion","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q35703","titles":{"canonical":"Gertrude_B._Elion","normalized":"Gertrude B. Elion","display":"Gertrude B. Elion"},"pageid":337411,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Gertrude_Elion.jpg/330px-Gertrude_Elion.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":398},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gertrude_Elion.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3320,"height":4000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366938893","tid":"4102e7d1-8c74-11f1-b265-54e9192a0917","timestamp":"2026-07-31T00:10:36Z","description":"American biochemist and pharmacologist (1918–1999)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gertrude_B._Elion"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Gertrude_B._Elion","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gertrude_B._Elion"}},"extract":"Gertrude \"Trudy\" Belle Elion was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black for their use of innovative methods of rational drug design for the development of new drugs. This new method focused on understanding the target of the drug rather than simply using trial-and-error. Her work led to the creation of the anti-retroviral drug AZT, which was the first drug widely used against AIDS. Her well known works also include the development of the first immunosuppressive drug, azathioprine, used to fight rejection in organ transplants, and the first successful antiviral drug, acyclovir (ACV), used in the treatment of herpes infection.","extract_html":"Gertrude \"Trudy\" Belle Elion was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, who shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with George H. Hitchings and Sir James Black for their use of innovative methods of rational drug design for the development of new drugs. This new method focused on understanding the target of the drug rather than simply using trial-and-error. Her work led to the creation of the anti-retroviral drug AZT, which was the first drug widely used against AIDS. Her well known works also include the development of the first immunosuppressive drug, azathioprine, used to fight rejection in organ transplants, and the first successful antiviral drug, acyclovir (ACV), used in the treatment of herpes infection.
","normalizedtitle":"Gertrude B. Elion"},{"type":"standard","title":"Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine","displaytitle":"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q80061","titles":{"canonical":"Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine","normalized":"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine","display":"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine"},"pageid":52502,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/330px-Nobel_Prize.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":325},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":500,"height":492},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368984991","tid":"f8eba827-9611-11f1-87d3-e1716406c29b","timestamp":"2026-08-12T05:52:16Z","description":"One of five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine"}},"extract":"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes prizes that, in accordance with Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded \"to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind\". Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Medicine or Physiology, Chemistry, Literature, and Peace. A sixth prize, for Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank in memory of Alfred Nobel.","extract_html":"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes prizes that, in accordance with Alfred Nobel's 1895 will, are awarded \"to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind\". Nobel Prizes are awarded in the fields of Physics, Medicine or Physiology, Chemistry, Literature, and Peace. A sixth prize, for Economic Sciences, was established in 1968 by Sveriges Riksbank in memory of Alfred Nobel.
","normalizedtitle":"Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine"}],"year":1918},{"text":"Charlie Kerins, Executed Irish Republican (died 1944)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Charlie_Kerins","displaytitle":"Charlie Kerins","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5085114","titles":{"canonical":"Charlie_Kerins","normalized":"Charlie Kerins","display":"Charlie Kerins"},"pageid":2135844,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Charlie_Kerins%2C_circa_1930s.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":289,"height":300},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Charlie_Kerins%2C_circa_1930s.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":289,"height":300},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1347325723","tid":"f525b22b-3157-11f1-9957-2f03d5d4b851","timestamp":"2026-04-06T01:28:47Z","description":"Irish Republican Army (1918-1944)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Kerins","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Kerins?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Kerins?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Charlie_Kerins"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Kerins","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Charlie_Kerins","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Kerins?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Charlie_Kerins"}},"extract":"Charlie Kerins was a physical force Irish Republican, and Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Kerins was one of six IRA men who were executed by the Irish State between September 1940 and December 1944. After spending two years on the run he was captured by the police in 1944. Following his subsequent trial and conviction for the 1942 murder of Garda Detective Sergeant Denis O'Brien, Kerins was hanged at Mountjoy Prison in Dublin.","extract_html":"Charlie Kerins was a physical force Irish Republican, and Chief of Staff of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Kerins was one of six IRA men who were executed by the Irish State between September 1940 and December 1944. After spending two years on the run he was captured by the police in 1944. Following his subsequent trial and conviction for the 1942 murder of Garda Detective Sergeant Denis O'Brien, Kerins was hanged at Mountjoy Prison in Dublin.
","normalizedtitle":"Charlie Kerins"},{"type":"standard","title":"Irish_republicanism","displaytitle":"Irish republicanism","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q517372","titles":{"canonical":"Irish_republicanism","normalized":"Irish republicanism","display":"Irish republicanism"},"pageid":772738,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373616207","tid":"77870a03-aa45-11f1-b726-5af3850c511b","timestamp":"2026-09-06T22:51:16Z","description":"Political movement seeking independence in Ireland","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_republicanism","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_republicanism?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_republicanism?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Irish_republicanism"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_republicanism","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Irish_republicanism","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_republicanism?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Irish_republicanism"}},"extract":"Irish republicanism is the political movement which advocates the establishment of an Irish republic, void of any British rule. Throughout its centuries of existence, it has encompassed various tactics and identities, simultaneously elective and militant, and has been both widely supported and marginalized. One of its founding figures was Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763–1798).","extract_html":"Irish republicanism is the political movement which advocates the establishment of an Irish republic, void of any British rule. Throughout its centuries of existence, it has encompassed various tactics and identities, simultaneously elective and militant, and has been both widely supported and marginalized. One of its founding figures was Theobald Wolfe Tone (1763–1798).
","normalizedtitle":"Irish republicanism"}],"year":1918},{"text":"Florence Rush, American social worker and theorist (died 2008)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Florence_Rush","displaytitle":"Florence Rush","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5460770","titles":{"canonical":"Florence_Rush","normalized":"Florence Rush","display":"Florence Rush"},"pageid":21012017,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371392656","tid":"f2c6f2dc-a10c-11f1-a3db-1d9710a6a3bb","timestamp":"2026-08-26T05:14:01Z","description":"American activist (1918–2008)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Rush","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Rush?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Rush?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Florence_Rush"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Rush","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Florence_Rush","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence_Rush?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Florence_Rush"}},"extract":"Florence Rush was an American certified social worker, feminist theorist and organizer best known for introducing The Freudian Coverup in her presentation \"The Sexual Abuse of Children: A Feminist Point of View\", about childhood sexual abuse and incest, at the April 1971 New York Radical Feminists (NYRF) Rape Conference. Rush's paper at the time was the first challenge to Freudian theories of children as the seducers of adults rather than the victims of adults' sexual/power exploitation.","extract_html":"Florence Rush was an American certified social worker, feminist theorist and organizer best known for introducing The Freudian Coverup in her presentation \"The Sexual Abuse of Children: A Feminist Point of View\", about childhood sexual abuse and incest, at the April 1971 New York Radical Feminists (NYRF) Rape Conference. Rush's paper at the time was the first challenge to Freudian theories of children as the seducers of adults rather than the victims of adults' sexual/power exploitation.
","normalizedtitle":"Florence Rush"}],"year":1918},{"text":"David Douglas Duncan, American photographer and journalist (died 2018)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"David_Douglas_Duncan","displaytitle":"David Douglas Duncan","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q934820","titles":{"canonical":"David_Douglas_Duncan","normalized":"David Douglas Duncan","display":"David Douglas Duncan"},"pageid":3779945,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/David_D_Duncan_cropped.jpg/330px-David_D_Duncan_cropped.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":629},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/David_D_Duncan_cropped.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1158,"height":2208},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364554490","tid":"ec536d05-819b-11f1-a27e-860274e2ac2b","timestamp":"2026-07-17T04:56:51Z","description":"American photojournalist (1916–2018)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Douglas_Duncan","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Douglas_Duncan?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Douglas_Duncan?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:David_Douglas_Duncan"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Douglas_Duncan","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/David_Douglas_Duncan","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Douglas_Duncan?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:David_Douglas_Duncan"}},"extract":"David Douglas Duncan was an American photojournalist, known for his dramatic combat photographs, as well as for his extensive domestic photography of Pablo Picasso and his wife Jacqueline.","extract_html":"David Douglas Duncan was an American photojournalist, known for his dramatic combat photographs, as well as for his extensive domestic photography of Pablo Picasso and his wife Jacqueline.
","normalizedtitle":"David Douglas Duncan"}],"year":1916},{"text":"Airey Neave, English colonel, lawyer, and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland (died 1979)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Airey_Neave","displaytitle":"Airey Neave","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q334302","titles":{"canonical":"Airey_Neave","normalized":"Airey Neave","display":"Airey Neave"},"pageid":100172,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/AireyNeave.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":200,"height":290},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/AireyNeave.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":200,"height":290},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372669837","tid":"884614b1-a634-11f1-88f1-1297f495226b","timestamp":"2026-09-01T18:39:58Z","description":"British politician, military officer and lawyer (1916–1979)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airey_Neave","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airey_Neave?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airey_Neave?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Airey_Neave"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airey_Neave","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Airey_Neave","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airey_Neave?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Airey_Neave"}},"extract":"Lieutenant Colonel Airey Middleton Sheffield Neave was a British soldier, lawyer and Member of Parliament (MP) from 1953 until his assassination in 1979.","extract_html":"Lieutenant Colonel Airey Middleton Sheffield Neave was a British soldier, lawyer and Member of Parliament (MP) from 1953 until his assassination in 1979.
","normalizedtitle":"Airey Neave"},{"type":"standard","title":"Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland","displaytitle":"Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7460599","titles":{"canonical":"Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland","normalized":"Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland","display":"Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland"},"pageid":5049309,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Official_portrait_of_Alex_Burghart.jpg/330px-Official_portrait_of_Alex_Burghart.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":462},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Official_portrait_of_Alex_Burghart.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3796,"height":5315},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373814271","tid":"b55f5dfe-ab2d-11f1-820e-d6b4d136b05a","timestamp":"2026-09-08T02:33:43Z","description":"Member of the British Shadow Cabinet","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Northern_Ireland"}},"extract":"The shadow secretary of state for Northern Ireland is a member of the British Shadow Cabinet responsible for the scrutiny of the secretary of state for Northern Ireland and their department, the Northern Ireland Office. The post is held by Alex Burghart.","extract_html":"The shadow secretary of state for Northern Ireland is a member of the British Shadow Cabinet responsible for the scrutiny of the secretary of state for Northern Ireland and their department, the Northern Ireland Office. The post is held by Alex Burghart.
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","normalizedtitle":"Herma Bauma"}],"year":1915},{"text":"W. Arthur Lewis, Saint Lucian-Barbadian economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1991)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"W._Arthur_Lewis","displaytitle":"W. Arthur Lewis","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q272519","titles":{"canonical":"W._Arthur_Lewis","normalized":"W. Arthur Lewis","display":"W. Arthur Lewis"},"pageid":563078,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/84/Arthur_Lewis_%28Nobel_photo%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":266,"height":375},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/84/Arthur_Lewis_%28Nobel_photo%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":266,"height":375},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372005954","tid":"72441474-a3e8-11f1-8405-c57cf734b69d","timestamp":"2026-08-29T20:30:17Z","description":"Saint Lucian economist and Nobel laureate (1915–1991)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:W._Arthur_Lewis"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/W._Arthur_Lewis","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Arthur_Lewis?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:W._Arthur_Lewis"}},"extract":"Sir William Arthur Lewis was a Saint Lucian economist and the James Madison Professor of Political Economy at Princeton University. Lewis remains the only black person to have won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.","extract_html":"Sir William Arthur Lewis was a Saint Lucian economist and the James Madison Professor of Political Economy at Princeton University. Lewis remains the only black person to have won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.
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","normalizedtitle":"Potter Stewart"}],"year":1915},{"text":"Jean-Michel Atlan, Algerian-French painter (died 1960)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Jean-Michel_Atlan","displaytitle":"Jean-Michel Atlan","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q689646","titles":{"canonical":"Jean-Michel_Atlan","normalized":"Jean-Michel Atlan","display":"Jean-Michel Atlan"},"pageid":256508,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364956484","tid":"ace27744-8379-11f1-a92f-c1d8d4bc3a39","timestamp":"2026-07-19T13:56:44Z","description":"French artist (1913–1960)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Atlan","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Atlan?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Atlan?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jean-Michel_Atlan"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Atlan","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jean-Michel_Atlan","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Atlan?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jean-Michel_Atlan"}},"extract":"Jean-Michel Atlan was a French artist.","extract_html":"Jean-Michel Atlan was a French artist.
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","normalizedtitle":"National Hot Rod Association"}],"year":1913},{"text":"Boris Pokrovsky, Russian director and manager (died 2009)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Boris_Pokrovsky","displaytitle":"Boris Pokrovsky","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2221431","titles":{"canonical":"Boris_Pokrovsky","normalized":"Boris Pokrovsky","display":"Boris Pokrovsky"},"pageid":23110501,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4f/Boris_Pokrovsky.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":325,"height":243},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4f/Boris_Pokrovsky.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":325,"height":243},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1354336138","tid":"1ce230c5-5099-11f1-b62a-8edb4a219b5e","timestamp":"2026-05-15T20:03:17Z","description":"Russian opera director","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Pokrovsky","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Pokrovsky?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Pokrovsky?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Boris_Pokrovsky"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Pokrovsky","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Boris_Pokrovsky","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Pokrovsky?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Boris_Pokrovsky"}},"extract":"Boris Aleksandrovich Pokrovsky was a Soviet and Russian opera director and pedagogue, best known as the stage director of the Bolshoi Theatre between 1943 and 1982.","extract_html":"Boris Aleksandrovich Pokrovsky was a Soviet and Russian opera director and pedagogue, best known as the stage director of the Bolshoi Theatre between 1943 and 1982.
","normalizedtitle":"Boris Pokrovsky"}],"year":1912},{"text":"Django Reinhardt, Belgian guitarist and composer (died 1953)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Django_Reinhardt","displaytitle":"Django Reinhardt","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q44122","titles":{"canonical":"Django_Reinhardt","normalized":"Django Reinhardt","display":"Django Reinhardt"},"pageid":9039,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Django_Reinhardt_%28Gottlieb_07301%29.jpg/330px-Django_Reinhardt_%28Gottlieb_07301%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":346},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Django_Reinhardt_%28Gottlieb_07301%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3584,"height":3762},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371410098","tid":"a71d46a7-a11e-11f1-8eb2-c330c5d9ab4d","timestamp":"2026-08-26T07:20:45Z","description":"French jazz musician (1910–1953)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Reinhardt","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Reinhardt?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Reinhardt?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Django_Reinhardt"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Reinhardt","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Django_Reinhardt","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Django_Reinhardt?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Django_Reinhardt"}},"extract":"Jean Reinhardt, known by his Romani nickname Django, was a Belgian jazz guitarist and composer. He was one of the first major jazz talents to emerge in Europe and has been hailed as one of its most significant exponents.","extract_html":"Jean Reinhardt, known by his Romani nickname Django, was a Belgian jazz guitarist and composer. He was one of the first major jazz talents to emerge in Europe and has been hailed as one of its most significant exponents.
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","normalizedtitle":"Dan Duryea"}],"year":1907},{"text":"Hideki Yukawa, Japanese physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1981)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Hideki_Yukawa","displaytitle":"Hideki Yukawa","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q155777","titles":{"canonical":"Hideki_Yukawa","normalized":"Hideki Yukawa","display":"Hideki Yukawa"},"pageid":187670,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Yukawa.jpg/330px-Yukawa.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":462},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Yukawa.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1919,"height":2687},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372007172","tid":"2e054233-a3e9-11f1-9861-b2759a5dc299","timestamp":"2026-08-29T20:35:32Z","description":"Japanese physicist (1907–1981)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hideki_Yukawa"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Hideki_Yukawa","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hideki_Yukawa"}},"extract":"Hideki Yukawa was a Japanese theoretical physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1949 \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces.\"","extract_html":"Hideki Yukawa was a Japanese theoretical physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1949 \"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces.\"
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","normalizedtitle":"Ministry of National Education (Colombia)"}],"year":1903},{"text":"Arthur Wirtz, American businessman (died 1983)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Arthur_Wirtz","displaytitle":"Arthur Wirtz","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2865382","titles":{"canonical":"Arthur_Wirtz","normalized":"Arthur Wirtz","display":"Arthur Wirtz"},"pageid":5425688,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1351232706","tid":"2ddd0ae1-41a7-11f1-a525-66ecf2b7b2d1","timestamp":"2026-04-26T19:36:11Z","description":"American sports businessman (1901–1983)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Wirtz","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Wirtz?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Wirtz?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arthur_Wirtz"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Wirtz","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Arthur_Wirtz","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Wirtz?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arthur_Wirtz"}},"extract":"Arthur Michael Wirtz was an American entrepreneur. He was the founder of Wirtz Corporation, a holding company that owned Chicago Stadium, the Bismarck Hotel in Chicago, the Chicago Black Hawks, and the Chicago Bulls. He was the father of the late Blackhawks owner Bill Wirtz, as well as the grandfather of the late Blackhawks owner Rocky Wirtz, who died on July 25, 2023.","extract_html":"Arthur Michael Wirtz was an American entrepreneur. He was the founder of Wirtz Corporation, a holding company that owned Chicago Stadium, the Bismarck Hotel in Chicago, the Chicago Black Hawks, and the Chicago Bulls. He was the father of the late Blackhawks owner Bill Wirtz, as well as the grandfather of the late Blackhawks owner Rocky Wirtz, who died on July 25, 2023.
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","normalizedtitle":"Glen Kidston"}],"year":1899},{"text":"Georg Kulenkampff, German violinist (died 1948)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Georg_Kulenkampff","displaytitle":"Georg Kulenkampff","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q470033","titles":{"canonical":"Georg_Kulenkampff","normalized":"Georg Kulenkampff","display":"Georg Kulenkampff"},"pageid":9656533,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Georg_Kulenkampf.jpg/330px-Georg_Kulenkampf.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":507},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Georg_Kulenkampf.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":730,"height":1121},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369815115","tid":"ec57bdd6-9a20-11f1-b0da-8dfe68c6a34b","timestamp":"2026-08-17T09:49:22Z","description":"German violinist (1898–1948)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Kulenkampff","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Kulenkampff?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Kulenkampff?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Georg_Kulenkampff"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Kulenkampff","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Georg_Kulenkampff","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg_Kulenkampff?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Georg_Kulenkampff"}},"extract":"Alwin Georg Kulenkampff-Post\t(23 January 1898 – 4 October 1948) was a German virtuoso violinist. One of the most popular German concert violinists of the 1930s and 1940s, he was considered one of the finest violinists of the 20th century.","extract_html":"Alwin Georg Kulenkampff-Post\t(23 January 1898 – 4 October 1948) was a German virtuoso violinist. One of the most popular German concert violinists of the 1930s and 1940s, he was considered one of the finest violinists of the 20th century.
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","normalizedtitle":"Randolph Scott"}],"year":1898},{"text":"Freda Utley, English scholar and author (died 1978)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Freda_Utley","displaytitle":"Freda Utley","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5496668","titles":{"canonical":"Freda_Utley","normalized":"Freda Utley","display":"Freda Utley"},"pageid":7101250,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6a/Freda_in_1943.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":324,"height":466},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6a/Freda_in_1943.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":324,"height":466},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372667435","tid":"9bf07aa8-a632-11f1-acd7-82a34ce2d74e","timestamp":"2026-09-01T18:26:12Z","description":"English scholar, political activist and author (1898–1978)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freda_Utley","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freda_Utley?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freda_Utley?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Freda_Utley"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freda_Utley","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Freda_Utley","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freda_Utley?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Freda_Utley"}},"extract":"Winifred Utley, commonly known as Freda Utley, was an English scholar, political activist and best-selling author. After visiting the Soviet Union in 1927 as a trade union activist, she joined the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1928. Later, married and living in Moscow, she quickly became disillusioned with communism. When her Russian husband, Arcadi Berdichevsky, was arrested in 1936, she escaped to England with her young son.","extract_html":"Winifred Utley, commonly known as Freda Utley, was an English scholar, political activist and best-selling author. After visiting the Soviet Union in 1927 as a trade union activist, she joined the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1928. Later, married and living in Moscow, she quickly became disillusioned with communism. When her Russian husband, Arcadi Berdichevsky, was arrested in 1936, she escaped to England with her young son.
","normalizedtitle":"Freda Utley"}],"year":1898},{"text":"Subhas Chandra Bose, Indian freedom fighter and politician (died 1945)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Subhas_Chandra_Bose","displaytitle":"Subhas Chandra Bose","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2153","titles":{"canonical":"Subhas_Chandra_Bose","normalized":"Subhas Chandra Bose","display":"Subhas Chandra Bose"},"pageid":204281,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Subhas_Chandra_Bose_NRB.jpg/330px-Subhas_Chandra_Bose_NRB.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Subhas_Chandra_Bose_NRB.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1135,"height":1513},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373784377","tid":"ce581a46-ab0d-11f1-88f4-85d55ea0e55f","timestamp":"2026-09-07T22:45:21Z","description":"Indian nationalist leader (1897–1945)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Subhas_Chandra_Bose"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Subhas_Chandra_Bose","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Subhas_Chandra_Bose"}},"extract":"Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist whose defiance of British authority in India made him a hero among many Indians, but his wartime alliances with Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan left a legacy vexed by authoritarianism, antisemitism, and military failure. The honorific Netaji was first applied to Bose in Germany in early 1942—by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin. It is now used throughout India.","extract_html":"Subhas Chandra Bose was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist whose defiance of British authority in India made him a hero among many Indians, but his wartime alliances with Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan left a legacy vexed by authoritarianism, antisemitism, and military failure. The honorific Netaji was first applied to Bose in Germany in early 1942—by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and by the German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin. It is now used throughout India.
","normalizedtitle":"Subhas Chandra Bose"}],"year":1897},{"text":"Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Austrian architect (died 2000)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Margarete_Schütte-Lihotzky","displaytitle":"Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q78858","titles":{"canonical":"Margarete_Schütte-Lihotzky","normalized":"Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky","display":"Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky"},"pageid":355407,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8a/Margarete_Sch%C3%BCtte-Lihotzky_Brandst%C3%A4tter_Verlag.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":274,"height":363},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8a/Margarete_Sch%C3%BCtte-Lihotzky_Brandst%C3%A4tter_Verlag.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":274,"height":363},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372601845","tid":"6893f825-a5fe-11f1-8b34-bd086f1da9ca","timestamp":"2026-09-01T12:12:32Z","description":"Austrian architect","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete_Sch%C3%BCtte-Lihotzky","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete_Sch%C3%BCtte-Lihotzky?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete_Sch%C3%BCtte-Lihotzky?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Margarete_Sch%C3%BCtte-Lihotzky"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete_Sch%C3%BCtte-Lihotzky","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Margarete_Sch%C3%BCtte-Lihotzky","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete_Sch%C3%BCtte-Lihotzky?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Margarete_Sch%C3%BCtte-Lihotzky"}},"extract":"Margarete \"Grete\" Schütte-Lihotzky was an Austrian architect and a communist activist in the Austrian resistance to Nazism. She is mostly remembered today for designing what is known as the Frankfurt kitchen.","extract_html":"Margarete \"Grete\" Schütte-Lihotzky was an Austrian architect and a communist activist in the Austrian resistance to Nazism. She is mostly remembered today for designing what is known as the Frankfurt kitchen.
","normalizedtitle":"Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky"}],"year":1897},{"text":"Ieva Simonaitytė, Lithuanian author (died 1978)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Ieva_Simonaitytė","displaytitle":"Ieva Simonaitytė","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q459271","titles":{"canonical":"Ieva_Simonaitytė","normalized":"Ieva Simonaitytė","display":"Ieva Simonaitytė"},"pageid":23015710,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1272463646","tid":"485ee1d7-ddae-11ef-9070-c20f5b91dee9","timestamp":"2025-01-28T19:30:08Z","description":"Lithuanian writer (1897–1978)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieva_Simonaityt%C4%97","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieva_Simonaityt%C4%97?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieva_Simonaityt%C4%97?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ieva_Simonaityt%C4%97"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieva_Simonaityt%C4%97","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ieva_Simonaityt%C4%97","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieva_Simonaityt%C4%97?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ieva_Simonaityt%C4%97"}},"extract":" Ieva Simonaitytė or Ewa Simoneit was a Lithuanian writer. She represented the culture of Lithuania Minor and Klaipėda Region, territories of German East Prussia with historically large, but dwindling, Lithuanian populations. She received critical acclaim for her novel Aukštujų Šimonių likimas.","extract_html":"Ieva Simonaitytė or Ewa Simoneit was a Lithuanian writer. She represented the culture of Lithuania Minor and Klaipėda Region, territories of German East Prussia with historically large, but dwindling, Lithuanian populations. She received critical acclaim for her novel Aukštujų Šimonių likimas.
","normalizedtitle":"Ieva Simonaitytė"}],"year":1897},{"text":"William Stephenson, Canadian captain and spy (died 1989)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"William_Stephenson","displaytitle":"William Stephenson","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q620577","titles":{"canonical":"William_Stephenson","normalized":"William Stephenson","display":"William Stephenson"},"pageid":589278,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Sir_William_Stephenson_from_1942_passport.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":315,"height":488},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Sir_William_Stephenson_from_1942_passport.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":315,"height":488},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364473118","tid":"f51d52c2-814d-11f1-8efe-58905fb73512","timestamp":"2026-07-16T19:38:45Z","description":"Canadian spymaster (1897–1989)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stephenson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stephenson?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stephenson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:William_Stephenson"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stephenson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/William_Stephenson","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stephenson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:William_Stephenson"}},"extract":"Sir William Samuel Stephenson was a Canadian soldier, fighter pilot, businessman and spymaster who served as the senior representative of British Security Coordination (BSC) for the Western Allies during World War II. He is best known by his wartime intelligence code name, Intrepid. Many people consider him to be one of the real-life inspirations for James Bond. Ian Fleming himself once wrote, \"James Bond is a highly romanticised version of a true spy. The real thing is... William Stephenson.\"","extract_html":"Sir William Samuel Stephenson was a Canadian soldier, fighter pilot, businessman and spymaster who served as the senior representative of British Security Coordination (BSC) for the Western Allies during World War II. He is best known by his wartime intelligence code name, Intrepid. Many people consider him to be one of the real-life inspirations for James Bond. Ian Fleming himself once wrote, \"James Bond is a highly romanticised version of a true spy. The real thing is... William Stephenson.\"
","normalizedtitle":"William Stephenson"}],"year":1897},{"text":"Alf Blair, Australian rugby league player and coach (died 1944)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Alf_Blair","displaytitle":"Alf Blair","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4721636","titles":{"canonical":"Alf_Blair","normalized":"Alf Blair","display":"Alf Blair"},"pageid":10812114,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1299602327","tid":"ec7a7e1e-5cae-11f0-a4ce-da18b40fa92e","timestamp":"2025-07-09T10:24:41Z","description":"Australian RL coach and former Australia international rugby league footballer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Blair","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Blair?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Blair?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alf_Blair"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Blair","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Alf_Blair","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Blair?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alf_Blair"}},"extract":"Alfred Lewis \"Smacker\" Blair was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach whose playing career ran from 1917 to 1930 with South Sydney. A skilled five-eighth, he made a single appearance for the Australian national team in 1924.","extract_html":"Alfred Lewis \"Smacker\" Blair was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach whose playing career ran from 1917 to 1930 with South Sydney. A skilled five-eighth, he made a single appearance for the Australian national team in 1924.
","normalizedtitle":"Alf Blair"}],"year":1896},{"text":"Alf Hall, English-South African cricketer (died 1964)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Alf_Hall","displaytitle":"Alf Hall","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4721690","titles":{"canonical":"Alf_Hall","normalized":"Alf Hall","display":"Alf Hall"},"pageid":3807697,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/AE_Hall_of_South_Africa.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":155,"height":217},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/AE_Hall_of_South_Africa.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":155,"height":217},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369506490","tid":"235298b2-98a0-11f1-8242-6d0aab64e21f","timestamp":"2026-08-15T11:54:58Z","description":"South African cricketer (1896–1964)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Hall","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Hall?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Hall?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alf_Hall"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Hall","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Alf_Hall","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alf_Hall?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alf_Hall"}},"extract":"Alfred Ewart Hall was a South African cricketer who played in seven Tests from 1923 to 1931.","extract_html":"Alfred Ewart Hall was a South African cricketer who played in seven Tests from 1923 to 1931.
","normalizedtitle":"Alf Hall"}],"year":1896},{"text":"Jyotirmoyee Devi, Indian author (died 1988)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Jyotirmoyee_Devi","displaytitle":"Jyotirmoyee Devi","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q12780095","titles":{"canonical":"Jyotirmoyee_Devi","normalized":"Jyotirmoyee Devi","display":"Jyotirmoyee Devi"},"pageid":11989712,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1342480990","tid":"22406edd-1b74-11f1-bf2c-653c21bb1c5c","timestamp":"2026-03-09T04:55:03Z","description":"Indian writer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotirmoyee_Devi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotirmoyee_Devi?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotirmoyee_Devi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jyotirmoyee_Devi"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotirmoyee_Devi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jyotirmoyee_Devi","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyotirmoyee_Devi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jyotirmoyee_Devi"}},"extract":"Jyotirmoyee Devi (1894–1988) was an Indian writer in the early twentieth century. She wrote predominantly about women in the Rajasthan of her childhood and in what is now West Bengal at the time of Partition.","extract_html":"Jyotirmoyee Devi (1894–1988) was an Indian writer in the early twentieth century. She wrote predominantly about women in the Rajasthan of her childhood and in what is now West Bengal at the time of Partition.
","normalizedtitle":"Jyotirmoyee Devi"}],"year":1894},{"text":"Claribel Kendall, American mathematician (died 1965)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Claribel_Kendall","displaytitle":"Claribel Kendall","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5126927","titles":{"canonical":"Claribel_Kendall","normalized":"Claribel Kendall","display":"Claribel Kendall"},"pageid":30836915,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372426023","tid":"b826e6e0-a566-11f1-a55d-2d9886c80cd5","timestamp":"2026-08-31T18:06:42Z","description":"American mathematician","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claribel_Kendall","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claribel_Kendall?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claribel_Kendall?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Claribel_Kendall"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claribel_Kendall","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Claribel_Kendall","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claribel_Kendall?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Claribel_Kendall"}},"extract":"Claribel Kendall was an American mathematician.","extract_html":"Claribel Kendall was an American mathematician.
","normalizedtitle":"Claribel Kendall"}],"year":1889},{"text":"Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama, Mexican politician (died 1967)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Antonio_Díaz_Soto_y_Gama","displaytitle":"Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q506713","titles":{"canonical":"Antonio_Díaz_Soto_y_Gama","normalized":"Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama","display":"Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama"},"pageid":26241003,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Antonio_Diaz_Soto_y_Gama.png/330px-Antonio_Diaz_Soto_y_Gama.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":482},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Antonio_Diaz_Soto_y_Gama.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":342,"height":500},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1357586279","tid":"6ca8701b-5f56-11f1-b848-5de6c65a2902","timestamp":"2026-06-03T14:13:42Z","description":"Mexican revolutionary (1880–1967)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_Soto_y_Gama","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_Soto_y_Gama?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_Soto_y_Gama?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_Soto_y_Gama"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_Soto_y_Gama","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_Soto_y_Gama","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_Soto_y_Gama?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Antonio_D%C3%ADaz_Soto_y_Gama"}},"extract":"Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama was a Mexican politician. He fought for Emiliano Zapata in the 1910–1917 Revolution and later served in Congress and in the cabinet of President Lázaro Cárdenas.","extract_html":"Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama was a Mexican politician. He fought for Emiliano Zapata in the 1910–1917 Revolution and later served in Congress and in the cabinet of President Lázaro Cárdenas.
","normalizedtitle":"Antonio Díaz Soto y Gama"}],"year":1880},{"text":"Rutland Boughton, English composer (died 1960)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Rutland_Boughton","displaytitle":"Rutland Boughton","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q673401","titles":{"canonical":"Rutland_Boughton","normalized":"Rutland Boughton","display":"Rutland Boughton"},"pageid":2086073,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1358986655","tid":"af4806d3-663c-11f1-a23a-05503e5f267d","timestamp":"2026-06-12T08:57:05Z","description":"British composer (1878–1960)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutland_Boughton","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutland_Boughton?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutland_Boughton?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rutland_Boughton"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutland_Boughton","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Rutland_Boughton","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutland_Boughton?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rutland_Boughton"}},"extract":"\n\n Rutland Boughton was an English composer who became well known in the early 20th century as a composer of opera and choral music. He was also an influential communist activist within the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).","extract_html":"\n\n Rutland Boughton was an English composer who became well known in the early 20th century as a composer of opera and choral music. He was also an influential communist activist within the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).
","normalizedtitle":"Rutland Boughton"}],"year":1878},{"text":"Otto Diels, German chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1954)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Otto_Diels","displaytitle":"Otto Diels","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q76616","titles":{"canonical":"Otto_Diels","normalized":"Otto Diels","display":"Otto Diels"},"pageid":780437,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Otto_Paul_Hermann_Diels.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":280,"height":396},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Otto_Paul_Hermann_Diels.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":280,"height":396},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371980955","tid":"782ff9e0-a3d4-11f1-be39-59d758b46a4d","timestamp":"2026-08-29T18:07:17Z","description":"German chemist (1876–1954)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Diels","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Diels?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Diels?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Otto_Diels"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Diels","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Otto_Diels","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Diels?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Otto_Diels"}},"extract":"Otto Paul Hermann Diels was a German chemist. His most notable work was done with Kurt Alder on the Diels–Alder reaction, a method for cyclohexene synthesis. The pair was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950 for their work. Their method of synthesizing cyclic organic compounds proved valuable for the manufacture of synthetic rubber and plastic. He completed his education at the University of Berlin, where he later worked. Diels was employed at the University of Kiel when he completed his Nobel Prize-winning work, and remained there until he retired in 1945. Diels was married, with five children.","extract_html":"Otto Paul Hermann Diels was a German chemist. His most notable work was done with Kurt Alder on the Diels–Alder reaction, a method for cyclohexene synthesis. The pair was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950 for their work. Their method of synthesizing cyclic organic compounds proved valuable for the manufacture of synthetic rubber and plastic. He completed his education at the University of Berlin, where he later worked. Diels was employed at the University of Kiel when he completed his Nobel Prize-winning work, and remained there until he retired in 1945. Diels was married, with five children.
","normalizedtitle":"Otto Diels"},{"type":"standard","title":"Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry","displaytitle":"Nobel Prize in Chemistry","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q44585","titles":{"canonical":"Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry","normalized":"Nobel Prize in Chemistry","display":"Nobel Prize in Chemistry"},"pageid":25416893,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/330px-Nobel_Prize.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":325},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":500,"height":492},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371842170","tid":"1b263da5-a31f-11f1-8f31-7f4055148f8e","timestamp":"2026-08-28T20:29:02Z","description":"One of the five Nobel Prizes established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry"}},"extract":"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, which consists of five members elected by the academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.","extract_html":"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895, awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on proposal of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, which consists of five members elected by the academy. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
","normalizedtitle":"Nobel Prize in Chemistry"}],"year":1876},{"text":"Paul Langevin, French physicist and academic (died 1946)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Paul_Langevin","displaytitle":"Paul Langevin","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q25320","titles":{"canonical":"Paul_Langevin","normalized":"Paul Langevin","display":"Paul Langevin"},"pageid":681413,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Paul_Langevin_Wellcome2.jpg/330px-Paul_Langevin_Wellcome2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":425},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Paul_Langevin_Wellcome2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":818,"height":1054},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373386907","tid":"614d543d-a954-11f1-bb65-2233767edd7e","timestamp":"2026-09-05T18:05:30Z","description":"French physicist (1872–1946)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Langevin","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Langevin?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Langevin?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Paul_Langevin"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Langevin","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Paul_Langevin","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Langevin?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Paul_Langevin"}},"extract":"Paul Langevin was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, an anti-fascist organization created after the 6 February 1934 far right riots. Being a public opponent of fascism in the 1930s resulted in his arrest and being held under house arrest by the Vichy government for most of World War II. Langevin was also president of the Human Rights League (LDH) from 1944 to 1946, having recently joined the French Communist Party.","extract_html":"Paul Langevin was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, an anti-fascist organization created after the 6 February 1934 far right riots. Being a public opponent of fascism in the 1930s resulted in his arrest and being held under house arrest by the Vichy government for most of World War II. Langevin was also president of the Human Rights League (LDH) from 1944 to 1946, having recently joined the French Communist Party.
","normalizedtitle":"Paul Langevin"}],"year":1872},{"text":"Jože Plečnik, Slovenian architect, designed Plečnik Parliament (died 1957)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Jože_Plečnik","displaytitle":"Jože Plečnik","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q314886","titles":{"canonical":"Jože_Plečnik","normalized":"Jože Plečnik","display":"Jože Plečnik"},"pageid":624882,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jo%C5%BEe_Ple%C4%8Dnik_%281943%29%2C_Zbirka_upodobitev_znanih_Slovencev_NUK.jpg/330px-Jo%C5%BEe_Ple%C4%8Dnik_%281943%29%2C_Zbirka_upodobitev_znanih_Slovencev_NUK.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":245},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Jo%C5%BEe_Ple%C4%8Dnik_%281943%29%2C_Zbirka_upodobitev_znanih_Slovencev_NUK.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":500,"height":371},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1352521268","tid":"de6b901e-47e1-11f1-b124-8714ac51bb1f","timestamp":"2026-05-04T17:51:25Z","description":"Slovenian architect (1872-1957)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Ple%C4%8Dnik","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Ple%C4%8Dnik?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Ple%C4%8Dnik?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jo%C5%BEe_Ple%C4%8Dnik"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Ple%C4%8Dnik","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jo%C5%BEe_Ple%C4%8Dnik","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C5%BEe_Ple%C4%8Dnik?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jo%C5%BEe_Ple%C4%8Dnik"}},"extract":"Jože Plečnik was a Slovenian architect who had a major impact on the modern architecture of Vienna, Prague and of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, most notably by designing the iconic Triple Bridge and the Slovenian National and University Library building, as well as the embankments along the Ljubljanica River, the Ljubljana Central Market buildings, the Ljubljana cemetery, parks, plazas. His architectural imprint on Ljubljana has been compared to the impact Antoni Gaudí had on Barcelona.","extract_html":"Jože Plečnik was a Slovenian architect who had a major impact on the modern architecture of Vienna, Prague and of Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, most notably by designing the iconic Triple Bridge and the Slovenian National and University Library building, as well as the embankments along the Ljubljanica River, the Ljubljana Central Market buildings, the Ljubljana cemetery, parks, plazas. His architectural imprint on Ljubljana has been compared to the impact Antoni Gaudí had on Barcelona.
","normalizedtitle":"Jože Plečnik"},{"type":"standard","title":"Plečnik_Parliament","displaytitle":"Plečnik Parliament","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7204921","titles":{"canonical":"Plečnik_Parliament","normalized":"Plečnik Parliament","display":"Plečnik Parliament"},"pageid":18440071,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/10_Cents%2C_Slovenia.jpg/330px-10_Cents%2C_Slovenia.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/10_Cents%2C_Slovenia.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":540,"height":540},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1330701066","tid":"a3434b44-e76e-11f0-9d6b-ee6b15ec2857","timestamp":"2026-01-02T00:04:42Z","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ple%C4%8Dnik_Parliament","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ple%C4%8Dnik_Parliament?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ple%C4%8Dnik_Parliament?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ple%C4%8Dnik_Parliament"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ple%C4%8Dnik_Parliament","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ple%C4%8Dnik_Parliament","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ple%C4%8Dnik_Parliament?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ple%C4%8Dnik_Parliament"}},"extract":"Plečnik Parliament is the colloquial name of two designs for a building intended to house the legislature of the People's Republic of Slovenia within the second Yugoslavia.","extract_html":"Plečnik Parliament is the colloquial name of two designs for a building intended to house the legislature of the People's Republic of Slovenia within the second Yugoslavia.
","normalizedtitle":"Plečnik Parliament"}],"year":1872},{"text":"David Hilbert, German mathematician and academic (died 1943)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"David_Hilbert","displaytitle":"David Hilbert","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q41585","titles":{"canonical":"David_Hilbert","normalized":"David Hilbert","display":"David Hilbert"},"pageid":8302,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Hilbert.jpg/330px-Hilbert.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":447},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Hilbert.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":437,"height":592},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371985063","tid":"c7c3f557-a3d7-11f1-aad5-81d8bb2b425e","timestamp":"2026-08-29T18:30:59Z","description":"German mathematician (1862–1943)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hilbert","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hilbert?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hilbert?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:David_Hilbert"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hilbert","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/David_Hilbert","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hilbert?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:David_Hilbert"}},"extract":"David Hilbert was a German mathematician and philosopher of mathematics and one of the most influential mathematicians of all time.","extract_html":"David Hilbert was a German mathematician and philosopher of mathematics and one of the most influential mathematicians of all time.
","normalizedtitle":"David Hilbert"}],"year":1862},{"text":"Frank Shuman, American inventor and engineer (died 1918)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Frank_Shuman","displaytitle":"Frank Shuman","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1444200","titles":{"canonical":"Frank_Shuman","normalized":"Frank Shuman","display":"Frank Shuman"},"pageid":32560735,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Frank_Shuman-portrait.jpg/330px-Frank_Shuman-portrait.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":414},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Frank_Shuman-portrait.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":816,"height":1023},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370808086","tid":"99fb1ef2-9eb0-11f1-aa6b-0ff0717460ee","timestamp":"2026-08-23T05:07:56Z","description":"American inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer (1862-1918)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Shuman","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Shuman?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Shuman?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frank_Shuman"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Shuman","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Frank_Shuman","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Shuman?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frank_Shuman"}},"extract":"Frank Shuman was an American inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer known for his work on solar engines, especially those that used solar energy to heat water that would produce steam.","extract_html":"Frank Shuman was an American inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer known for his work on solar engines, especially those that used solar energy to heat water that would produce steam.
","normalizedtitle":"Frank Shuman"}],"year":1862},{"text":"Andrija Mohorovičić, Croatian meteorologist and seismologist (died 1936)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Andrija_Mohorovičić","displaytitle":"Andrija Mohorovičić","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q243445","titles":{"canonical":"Andrija_Mohorovičić","normalized":"Andrija Mohorovičić","display":"Andrija Mohorovičić"},"pageid":437003,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Portrait_of_Andria_Mohorovicic.gif/330px-Portrait_of_Andria_Mohorovicic.gif?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":437},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Portrait_of_Andria_Mohorovicic.gif?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":331,"height":438},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372516361","tid":"c4cd2f14-a5aa-11f1-9170-970a90f9f090","timestamp":"2026-09-01T02:13:49Z","description":"Croatian seismologist and geophysicist","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrija_Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrija_Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrija_Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Andrija_Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrija_Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Andrija_Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrija_Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Andrija_Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87"}},"extract":"Andrija Mohorovičić was a Croatian geophysicist and academic. He is best known for the eponymous Mohorovičić discontinuity and is considered one of the founders of modern seismology. He is also considered among the greatest Croatian natural scientists.","extract_html":"Andrija Mohorovičić was a Croatian geophysicist and academic. He is best known for the eponymous Mohorovičić discontinuity and is considered one of the founders of modern seismology. He is also considered among the greatest Croatian natural scientists.
","normalizedtitle":"Andrija Mohorovičić"}],"year":1857},{"text":"John Browning, American weapons designer, founded the Browning Arms Company (died 1926)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"John_Browning","displaytitle":"John Browning","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q220520","titles":{"canonical":"John_Browning","normalized":"John Browning","display":"John Browning"},"pageid":148837,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/JOHN_M._BROWNING.jpg/330px-JOHN_M._BROWNING.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":469},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/JOHN_M._BROWNING.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":640,"height":909},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371964871","tid":"7dd314bc-a3c7-11f1-bd28-583799440159","timestamp":"2026-08-29T16:34:23Z","description":"American firearms designer (1855–1926)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Browning","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Browning?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Browning?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Browning"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Browning","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/John_Browning","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Browning?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Browning"}},"extract":"John Moses Browning was an American firearm designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms, many of which are still in use around the world. He made his first firearm at age 13 in his father's gun shop and was awarded the first of his 128 firearm patents on October 7, 1879, at the age of 24. He is regarded as one of the most successful firearms designers of the 19th and 20th centuries and a pioneer of modern repeating, semi-automatic, and automatic firearms.","extract_html":"John Moses Browning was an American firearm designer who developed many varieties of military and civilian firearms, cartridges, and gun mechanisms, many of which are still in use around the world. He made his first firearm at age 13 in his father's gun shop and was awarded the first of his 128 firearm patents on October 7, 1879, at the age of 24. He is regarded as one of the most successful firearms designers of the 19th and 20th centuries and a pioneer of modern repeating, semi-automatic, and automatic firearms.
","normalizedtitle":"John Browning"},{"type":"standard","title":"Browning_Arms_Company","displaytitle":"Browning Arms Company","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q991188","titles":{"canonical":"Browning_Arms_Company","normalized":"Browning Arms Company","display":"Browning Arms Company"},"pageid":732683,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/Browning.svg/330px-Browning.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/Browning.svg/250px-Browning.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":156,"height":104},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370698914","tid":"02141ca3-9e45-11f1-aae3-76721727355e","timestamp":"2026-08-22T16:17:45Z","description":"American marketer of firearms and fishing gear","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browning_Arms_Company","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browning_Arms_Company?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browning_Arms_Company?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Browning_Arms_Company"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browning_Arms_Company","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Browning_Arms_Company","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browning_Arms_Company?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Browning_Arms_Company"}},"extract":"Browning Arms Company is an American marketer of firearms and fishing gear. The company was founded in Ogden, Utah, in 1878 by brothers John Moses Browning (1855–1926) and Matthew Sandefur Browning (1859–1923). The company offers a wide variety of firearms, including shotguns, rifles, and pistols. Other products include fishing rods and reels, gun safes, sport bows, knives and bicycles.","extract_html":"Browning Arms Company is an American marketer of firearms and fishing gear. The company was founded in Ogden, Utah, in 1878 by brothers John Moses Browning (1855–1926) and Matthew Sandefur Browning (1859–1923). The company offers a wide variety of firearms, including shotguns, rifles, and pistols. Other products include fishing rods and reels, gun safes, sport bows, knives and bicycles.
","normalizedtitle":"Browning Arms Company"}],"year":1855},{"text":"John Marks Moore, American politician (died 1902)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"John_Marks_Moore","displaytitle":"John Marks Moore","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q123229914","titles":{"canonical":"John_Marks_Moore","normalized":"John Marks Moore","display":"John Marks Moore"},"pageid":75170055,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372519301","tid":"bed84beb-a5ac-11f1-b7d5-73dba7872109","timestamp":"2026-09-01T02:27:58Z","description":"American attorney and politician","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marks_Moore","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marks_Moore?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marks_Moore?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Marks_Moore"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marks_Moore","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/John_Marks_Moore","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marks_Moore?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Marks_Moore"}},"extract":"John Marks Moore was an American attorney, Democratic politician from Texas, a member of the Texas House of Representatives, and the Secretary of State of Texas during the term of Lawrence Sullivan Ross.","extract_html":"John Marks Moore was an American attorney, Democratic politician from Texas, a member of the Texas House of Representatives, and the Secretary of State of Texas during the term of Lawrence Sullivan Ross.
","normalizedtitle":"John Marks Moore"}],"year":1853},{"text":"Nikolay Umov, Russian physicist and mathematician (died 1915)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Nikolay_Umov","displaytitle":"Nikolay Umov","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2996992","titles":{"canonical":"Nikolay_Umov","normalized":"Nikolay Umov","display":"Nikolay Umov"},"pageid":3140570,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Umov.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":200,"height":258},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Umov.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":200,"height":258},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371979277","tid":"63069ceb-a3d3-11f1-bf84-a8f1503ea4a2","timestamp":"2026-08-29T17:59:32Z","description":"Russian physicist and mathematician (1846–1915)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Umov","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Umov?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Umov?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nikolay_Umov"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Umov","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Nikolay_Umov","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Umov?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nikolay_Umov"}},"extract":"Nikolay Alekseevich Umov was a Russian physicist and mathematician known for discovering the concept of Umov-Poynting vector and Umov effect.","extract_html":"Nikolay Alekseevich Umov was a Russian physicist and mathematician known for discovering the concept of Umov-Poynting vector and Umov effect.
","normalizedtitle":"Nikolay Umov"}],"year":1846},{"text":"Ernst Abbe, German physicist and engineer (died 1905)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Ernst_Abbe","displaytitle":"Ernst Abbe","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q76359","titles":{"canonical":"Ernst_Abbe","normalized":"Ernst Abbe","display":"Ernst Abbe"},"pageid":524981,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Ernst_Abbe_%28HeidICON_29803%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ernst_Abbe_%28HeidICON_29803%29_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":424},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Ernst_Abbe_%28HeidICON_29803%29_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":580,"height":745},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371991858","tid":"d0b7c48b-a3dd-11f1-b820-ceca444dd902","timestamp":"2026-08-29T19:14:11Z","description":"German physicist, entrepreneur, and social reformer (1840–1905)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Abbe","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Abbe?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Abbe?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ernst_Abbe"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Abbe","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ernst_Abbe","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Abbe?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ernst_Abbe"}},"extract":"Ernst Karl Abbe, was a German businessman, optical engineer, physicist, and social reformer. Together with Otto Schott and Carl Zeiss, he developed numerous optical instruments. He was also a co-owner of Carl Zeiss AG, a German manufacturer of scientific microscopes, astronomical telescopes, planetariums, and other advanced optical systems.","extract_html":"Ernst Karl Abbe, was a German businessman, optical engineer, physicist, and social reformer. Together with Otto Schott and Carl Zeiss, he developed numerous optical instruments. He was also a co-owner of Carl Zeiss AG, a German manufacturer of scientific microscopes, astronomical telescopes, planetariums, and other advanced optical systems.
","normalizedtitle":"Ernst Abbe"}],"year":1840},{"text":"Marianne Cope, German-American nun and saint (died 1918)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Marianne_Cope","displaytitle":"Marianne Cope","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q76680","titles":{"canonical":"Marianne_Cope","normalized":"Marianne Cope","display":"Marianne Cope"},"pageid":1671381,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Mother_Marianne_Cope_in_her_youth.jpg/330px-Mother_Marianne_Cope_in_her_youth.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":487},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Mother_Marianne_Cope_in_her_youth.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":520,"height":767},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373966289","tid":"53652e8e-abeb-11f1-887f-aab0ab69f569","timestamp":"2026-09-09T01:11:03Z","description":"German-born American Franciscan Sister, saint and missionary to Hawaii (1838–1918)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Cope","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Cope?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Cope?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marianne_Cope"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Cope","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Marianne_Cope","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Cope?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marianne_Cope"}},"extract":"Marianne Cope, OSF, also known as Marianne of Molokaʻi, was a German-born American member of the Sisters of St. Francis of Syracuse. She was founding director of St. Joseph's Hospital in the city, among the first general hospitals in the country. In 1883, she led a group of six other sisters to the Kingdom of Hawaii to care for lepers in Molokaʻi and aid in developing the kingdom's medical infrastructure. Despite direct contact with patients over many years, Cope did not contract the disease. In 2005, she was beatified by Pope Benedict XVI. She was canonized in 2012.","extract_html":"Marianne Cope, OSF, also known as Marianne of Molokaʻi, was a German-born American member of the Sisters of St. Francis of Syracuse. She was founding director of St. Joseph's Hospital in the city, among the first general hospitals in the country. In 1883, she led a group of six other sisters to the Kingdom of Hawaii to care for lepers in Molokaʻi and aid in developing the kingdom's medical infrastructure. Despite direct contact with patients over many years, Cope did not contract the disease. In 2005, she was beatified by Pope Benedict XVI. She was canonized in 2012.
","normalizedtitle":"Marianne Cope"}],"year":1838},{"text":"Muthu Coomaraswamy, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (died 1879)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Muthu_Coomaraswamy","displaytitle":"Muthu Coomaraswamy","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q6943867","titles":{"canonical":"Muthu_Coomaraswamy","normalized":"Muthu Coomaraswamy","display":"Muthu Coomaraswamy"},"pageid":17756317,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/91/Muthu_Coomaraswamy.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":279,"height":356},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/91/Muthu_Coomaraswamy.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":279,"height":356},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373185406","tid":"ece6b670-a862-11f1-bd2c-fc2f9ee6dcd3","timestamp":"2026-09-04T13:17:06Z","description":"Ceylon Tamil lawyer (1834–1879)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muthu_Coomaraswamy","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muthu_Coomaraswamy?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muthu_Coomaraswamy?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Muthu_Coomaraswamy"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muthu_Coomaraswamy","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Muthu_Coomaraswamy","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muthu_Coomaraswamy?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Muthu_Coomaraswamy"}},"extract":"Sir Muthu Coomaraswamy was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer, writer and member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon.","extract_html":"Sir Muthu Coomaraswamy was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer, writer and member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon.
","normalizedtitle":"Muthu Coomaraswamy"}],"year":1833},{"text":"Édouard Manet, French painter (died 1883)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Édouard_Manet","displaytitle":"Édouard Manet","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q40599","titles":{"canonical":"Édouard_Manet","normalized":"Édouard Manet","display":"Édouard Manet"},"pageid":9615,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/%C3%89douard_Manet%2C_en_buste%2C_de_face_-_Nadar.jpg/330px-%C3%89douard_Manet%2C_en_buste%2C_de_face_-_Nadar.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":439},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/%C3%89douard_Manet%2C_en_buste%2C_de_face_-_Nadar.jpg/3840px-%C3%89douard_Manet%2C_en_buste%2C_de_face_-_Nadar.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4701,"height":6253},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374144057","tid":"28e6a3cf-acc3-11f1-a400-84c6a3550aa0","timestamp":"2026-09-10T02:56:03Z","description":"French painter (1832–1883)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:%C3%89douard_Manet"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/%C3%89douard_Manet","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89douard_Manet?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:%C3%89douard_Manet"}},"extract":"Édouard Manet was a French modernist painter. He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, as well as a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.","extract_html":"Édouard Manet was a French modernist painter. He was one of the first 19th-century artists to paint modern life, as well as a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.
","normalizedtitle":"Édouard Manet"}],"year":1832},{"text":"Saigō Takamori, Japanese samurai (died 1877)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Saigō_Takamori","displaytitle":"Saigō Takamori","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q310462","titles":{"canonical":"Saigō_Takamori","normalized":"Saigō Takamori","display":"Saigō Takamori"},"pageid":316443,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Saigo_Takamori_%28b%29.jpg/330px-Saigo_Takamori_%28b%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":444},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Saigo_Takamori_%28b%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3612,"height":4855},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374214594","tid":"157025a2-ad2d-11f1-85a7-8ed27f4516ec","timestamp":"2026-09-10T15:34:17Z","description":"Japanese samurai and politician (1828–1877)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saig%C5%8D_Takamori","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saig%C5%8D_Takamori?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saig%C5%8D_Takamori?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Saig%C5%8D_Takamori"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saig%C5%8D_Takamori","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Saig%C5%8D_Takamori","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saig%C5%8D_Takamori?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Saig%C5%8D_Takamori"}},"extract":"Saigō Takamori was a Japanese samurai and politician who was one of the most influential figures in Japanese history. He played a key role in the Meiji Restoration, which overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868, and subsequently served in the new Meiji government. However, he later became disillusioned with the direction of the new regime and led the Satsuma Rebellion against it in 1877, in which he was killed.","extract_html":"Saigō Takamori was a Japanese samurai and politician who was one of the most influential figures in Japanese history. He played a key role in the Meiji Restoration, which overthrew the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868, and subsequently served in the new Meiji government. However, he later became disillusioned with the direction of the new regime and led the Satsuma Rebellion against it in 1877, in which he was killed.
","normalizedtitle":"Saigō Takamori"}],"year":1828},{"text":"Camilla Collett, Norwegian novelist and activist (died 1895)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Camilla_Collett","displaytitle":"Camilla Collett","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q243045","titles":{"canonical":"Camilla_Collett","normalized":"Camilla Collett","display":"Camilla Collett"},"pageid":287070,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Camilla_Collett_av_Johan_G%C3%B8rbitz_OB.00806.jpg/330px-Camilla_Collett_av_Johan_G%C3%B8rbitz_OB.00806.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":411},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/Camilla_Collett_av_Johan_G%C3%B8rbitz_OB.00806.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":643,"height":800},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1251932917","tid":"a89cbb82-8d9d-11ef-9182-9d5736739875","timestamp":"2024-10-18T22:09:35Z","description":"Norwegian writer (1813–1895)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla_Collett","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla_Collett?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla_Collett?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Camilla_Collett"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla_Collett","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Camilla_Collett","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilla_Collett?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Camilla_Collett"}},"extract":"Jacobine Camilla Collett was a Norwegian writer, often referred to as the first Norwegian feminist. She was also the younger sister of Norwegian poet Henrik Wergeland, and is recognized as being one of the first contributors to realism in Norwegian literature. Her younger brother was Major General Joseph Frantz Oscar Wergeland. She became an honorary member of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights when the association was founded in 1884.","extract_html":"Jacobine Camilla Collett was a Norwegian writer, often referred to as the first Norwegian feminist. She was also the younger sister of Norwegian poet Henrik Wergeland, and is recognized as being one of the first contributors to realism in Norwegian literature. Her younger brother was Major General Joseph Frantz Oscar Wergeland. She became an honorary member of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights when the association was founded in 1884.
","normalizedtitle":"Camilla Collett"}],"year":1813},{"text":"Surendra Sai, Indian activist (died 1884)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Veer_Surendra_Sai","displaytitle":"Veer Surendra Sai","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7918122","titles":{"canonical":"Veer_Surendra_Sai","normalized":"Veer Surendra Sai","display":"Veer Surendra Sai"},"pageid":12709767,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Surendra_Sai_1986_stamp_of_India.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":329,"height":490},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Surendra_Sai_1986_stamp_of_India.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":329,"height":490},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1358502244","tid":"7d6c4277-63ab-11f1-a187-48a228182be6","timestamp":"2026-06-09T02:32:42Z","description":"Freedom fighter and revolutionary from Odisha","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veer_Surendra_Sai","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veer_Surendra_Sai?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veer_Surendra_Sai?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Veer_Surendra_Sai"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veer_Surendra_Sai","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Veer_Surendra_Sai","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veer_Surendra_Sai?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Veer_Surendra_Sai"}},"extract":"Bira Surendra Sai was an Indian revolutionary and freedom fighter from what is now Odisha. He fought against the British rule in India after they dethroned the rulers of the Sambalpur State.","extract_html":"Bira Surendra Sai was an Indian revolutionary and freedom fighter from what is now Odisha. He fought against the British rule in India after they dethroned the rulers of the Sambalpur State.
","normalizedtitle":"Veer Surendra Sai"}],"year":1809},{"text":"Alois Negrelli, Tyrolean engineer and railroad pioneer active in the Austrian Empire (died 1858)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Alois_Negrelli","displaytitle":"Alois Negrelli","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q78836","titles":{"canonical":"Alois_Negrelli","normalized":"Alois Negrelli","display":"Alois Negrelli"},"pageid":508741,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Alois_Negrelli.jpg/330px-Alois_Negrelli.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":495},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Alois_Negrelli.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1514,"height":2270},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1360760184","tid":"9faea7b8-6efd-11f1-849b-b97c5710c450","timestamp":"2026-06-23T12:18:21Z","description":"Tyrolean civil engineer and railroad pioneer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Negrelli","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Negrelli?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Negrelli?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alois_Negrelli"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Negrelli","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Alois_Negrelli","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alois_Negrelli?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alois_Negrelli"}},"extract":"Nikolaus Alois Maria Vinzenz Negrelli, Ritter von Moldelbe was a Tyrolean civil engineer and railroad pioneer mostly active in parts of the Austrian Empire, Switzerland, Germany and Italy.","extract_html":"Nikolaus Alois Maria Vinzenz Negrelli, Ritter von Moldelbe was a Tyrolean civil engineer and railroad pioneer mostly active in parts of the Austrian Empire, Switzerland, Germany and Italy.
","normalizedtitle":"Alois Negrelli"}],"year":1799},{"text":"Auguste de Montferrand, French-Russian architect, designed Saint Isaac's Cathedral and Alexander Column (died 1858)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Auguste_de_Montferrand","displaytitle":"Auguste de Montferrand","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q767288","titles":{"canonical":"Auguste_de_Montferrand","normalized":"Auguste de Montferrand","display":"Auguste de Montferrand"},"pageid":147261,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Avgust_de_Monpherran.jpg/330px-Avgust_de_Monpherran.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":428},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Avgust_de_Monpherran.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1369,"height":1777},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372518333","tid":"0f9b75a9-a5ac-11f1-96c1-b4364367da38","timestamp":"2026-09-01T02:23:04Z","description":"French architect (1786–1858)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_de_Montferrand","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_de_Montferrand?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_de_Montferrand?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Auguste_de_Montferrand"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_de_Montferrand","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Auguste_de_Montferrand","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_de_Montferrand?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Auguste_de_Montferrand"}},"extract":"Auguste de Montferrand was a French classicist architect who worked primarily in Russia. His two best known works are the Saint Isaac's Cathedral and the Alexander Column in Saint Petersburg.","extract_html":"Auguste de Montferrand was a French classicist architect who worked primarily in Russia. His two best known works are the Saint Isaac's Cathedral and the Alexander Column in Saint Petersburg.
","normalizedtitle":"Auguste de Montferrand"},{"type":"standard","title":"Saint_Isaac's_Cathedral","displaytitle":"Saint Isaac's Cathedral","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q215423","titles":{"canonical":"Saint_Isaac's_Cathedral","normalized":"Saint Isaac's Cathedral","display":"Saint Isaac's Cathedral"},"pageid":798068,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Saint_Isaac%27s_Cathedral_in_SPB.jpeg/330px-Saint_Isaac%27s_Cathedral_in_SPB.jpeg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":219},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Saint_Isaac%27s_Cathedral_in_SPB.jpeg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3600,"height":2384},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371637639","tid":"77a830b3-a22b-11f1-ad9d-30876bc3b78b","timestamp":"2026-08-27T15:25:00Z","description":"Cathedral in Saint Petersburg, Russia","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":59.9341,"lon":30.3062},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Isaac's_Cathedral","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Isaac's_Cathedral?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Isaac's_Cathedral?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Saint_Isaac's_Cathedral"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Isaac's_Cathedral","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Saint_Isaac's_Cathedral","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Isaac's_Cathedral?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Saint_Isaac's_Cathedral"}},"extract":"Saint Isaac's Cathedral is a large architectural landmark cathedral that currently functions as a museum with occasional church services in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is dedicated to Saint Isaac of Dalmatia, a patron saint of Peter the Great, who had been born on the feast day of that saint. It was originally built as a cathedral but was turned into a museum by the Soviet government in 1931 and has remained a museum ever since, with church services held in a side chapel since the 1990s. In 2017, the governor of St. Petersburg offered to transfer the cathedral back to the Russian Orthodox Church, but this was not accomplished due to the protests of St. Petersburg citizens opposing the offer.","extract_html":"Saint Isaac's Cathedral is a large architectural landmark cathedral that currently functions as a museum with occasional church services in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is dedicated to Saint Isaac of Dalmatia, a patron saint of Peter the Great, who had been born on the feast day of that saint. It was originally built as a cathedral but was turned into a museum by the Soviet government in 1931 and has remained a museum ever since, with church services held in a side chapel since the 1990s. In 2017, the governor of St. Petersburg offered to transfer the cathedral back to the Russian Orthodox Church, but this was not accomplished due to the protests of St. Petersburg citizens opposing the offer.
","normalizedtitle":"Saint Isaac's Cathedral"},{"type":"standard","title":"Alexander_Column","displaytitle":"Alexander Column","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q907366","titles":{"canonical":"Alexander_Column","normalized":"Alexander Column","display":"Alexander Column"},"pageid":5438330,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/00_0047_Alexander_Column_on_Palace_Square_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/330px-00_0047_Alexander_Column_on_Palace_Square_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":495},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/00_0047_Alexander_Column_on_Palace_Square_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2133,"height":3200},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1322973429","tid":"e2735107-c4ce-11f0-b1a7-a87bacf445c5","timestamp":"2025-11-18T22:35:29Z","description":"1830s granite column in St. Petersburg","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":59.93916667,"lon":30.31583333},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Column","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Column?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Column?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alexander_Column"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Column","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Alexander_Column","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Column?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alexander_Column"}},"extract":"The Alexander Column, also known as Alexandrian Column, is the focal point of Palace Square in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The monument was raised after the Russian victory in the war with Napoleon's France. The column is named for Emperor Alexander I of Russia, who reigned from 1801 to 1825.","extract_html":"The Alexander Column, also known as Alexandrian Column, is the focal point of Palace Square in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The monument was raised after the Russian victory in the war with Napoleon's France. The column is named for Emperor Alexander I of Russia, who reigned from 1801 to 1825.
","normalizedtitle":"Alexander Column"}],"year":1786},{"text":"Stendhal, French novelist (died 1842)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Stendhal","displaytitle":"Stendhal","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q502","titles":{"canonical":"Stendhal","normalized":"Stendhal","display":"Stendhal"},"pageid":26773,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Stendhal.jpg/330px-Stendhal.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":423},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Stendhal.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2197,"height":2817},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372748547","tid":"26f465ec-a679-11f1-9147-38ce5da9ec51","timestamp":"2026-09-02T02:51:10Z","description":"French writer (1783–1842)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Stendhal"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Stendhal","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stendhal?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Stendhal"}},"extract":"Marie-Henri Beyle, better known by his pen name Stendhal, was a French writer. Best known for the novels Le Rouge et le Noir and La Chartreuse de Parme, he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters' psychology and considered one of the early and foremost practitioners of realism. Stendhal proclaimed himself an egotist; the neologism for the same characteristic in his characters was \"Beylism\".","extract_html":"Marie-Henri Beyle, better known by his pen name Stendhal, was a French writer. Best known for the novels Le Rouge et le Noir and La Chartreuse de Parme, he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters' psychology and considered one of the early and foremost practitioners of realism. Stendhal proclaimed himself an egotist; the neologism for the same characteristic in his characters was \"Beylism\".
","normalizedtitle":"Stendhal"}],"year":1783},{"text":"Georgios Karaiskakis, Greek general (died 1827)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Georgios_Karaiskakis","displaytitle":"Georgios Karaiskakis","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q734967","titles":{"canonical":"Georgios_Karaiskakis","normalized":"Georgios Karaiskakis","display":"Georgios Karaiskakis"},"pageid":2253633,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Georgios_Karaiskakis_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Georgios_Karaiskakis_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":377},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Georgios_Karaiskakis_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":455,"height":520},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1362642781","tid":"9526d091-7858-11f1-bc21-badba57a9646","timestamp":"2026-07-05T10:02:08Z","description":"Greek Revolutionary (1782–1827)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios_Karaiskakis","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios_Karaiskakis?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios_Karaiskakis?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Georgios_Karaiskakis"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios_Karaiskakis","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Georgios_Karaiskakis","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios_Karaiskakis?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Georgios_Karaiskakis"}},"extract":"Georgios Karaiskakis, born Georgios Karaiskos, was a Greek military commander and a leader of the Greek War of Independence.","extract_html":"Georgios Karaiskakis, born Georgios Karaiskos, was a Greek military commander and a leader of the Greek War of Independence.
","normalizedtitle":"Georgios Karaiskakis"}],"year":1780},{"text":"Muzio Clementi, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1832)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Muzio_Clementi","displaytitle":"Muzio Clementi","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q193673","titles":{"canonical":"Muzio_Clementi","normalized":"Muzio Clementi","display":"Muzio Clementi"},"pageid":54449,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Muzio_Clementi.jpeg/330px-Muzio_Clementi.jpeg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":396},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Muzio_Clementi.jpeg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1100,"height":1320},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370721310","tid":"cf751e4d-9e5a-11f1-949a-4eacf7916303","timestamp":"2026-08-22T18:53:49Z","description":"Italian composer and pianist (1752–1832)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzio_Clementi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzio_Clementi?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzio_Clementi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Muzio_Clementi"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzio_Clementi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Muzio_Clementi","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzio_Clementi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Muzio_Clementi"}},"extract":"Muzio Filippo Vincenzo Francesco Saverio Clementi was an Italian composer, virtuoso pianist, pedagogue, conductor, music publisher, editor, and piano manufacturer who was mostly active in England.","extract_html":"Muzio Filippo Vincenzo Francesco Saverio Clementi was an Italian composer, virtuoso pianist, pedagogue, conductor, music publisher, editor, and piano manufacturer who was mostly active in England.
","normalizedtitle":"Muzio Clementi"}],"year":1752},{"text":"William Jessop, English engineer, built the Cromford Canal (died 1814)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"William_Jessop","displaytitle":"William Jessop","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2094334","titles":{"canonical":"William_Jessop","normalized":"William Jessop","display":"William Jessop"},"pageid":462076,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/William_Jessop_Chief_Civil_Engineer.jpg/330px-William_Jessop_Chief_Civil_Engineer.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":466},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/William_Jessop_Chief_Civil_Engineer.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":428,"height":604},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1362680175","tid":"65dc8882-7889-11f1-b93b-358959e39a05","timestamp":"2026-07-05T15:51:34Z","description":"British civil engineer (1745-1814)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jessop","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jessop?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jessop?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:William_Jessop"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jessop","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/William_Jessop","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Jessop?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:William_Jessop"}},"extract":"William Jessop was an English civil engineer, best known for his work on canals, harbours and early railways in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.","extract_html":"William Jessop was an English civil engineer, best known for his work on canals, harbours and early railways in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
","normalizedtitle":"William Jessop"},{"type":"standard","title":"Cromford_Canal","displaytitle":"Cromford Canal","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5187616","titles":{"canonical":"Cromford_Canal","normalized":"Cromford Canal","display":"Cromford Canal"},"pageid":1034134,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cromford_Wharf_2008.jpg/330px-Cromford_Wharf_2008.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Cromford_Wharf_2008.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":800,"height":533},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372689523","tid":"62753b3c-a645-11f1-b927-ced660f3a809","timestamp":"2026-09-01T20:40:36Z","description":"Canal in Derbyshire, England","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":53.063952,"lon":-1.482618},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromford_Canal","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromford_Canal?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromford_Canal?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Cromford_Canal"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromford_Canal","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Cromford_Canal","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromford_Canal?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Cromford_Canal"}},"extract":"The Cromford Canal ran 14+1⁄2 miles from Cromford to the Erewash Canal in Derbyshire, England with a branch to Pinxton. Built by William Jessop with the assistance of Benjamin Outram, its alignment included four tunnels and 14 locks.","extract_html":"The Cromford Canal ran 14+1⁄2 miles from Cromford to the Erewash Canal in Derbyshire, England with a branch to Pinxton. Built by William Jessop with the assistance of Benjamin Outram, its alignment included four tunnels and 14 locks.
","normalizedtitle":"Cromford Canal"}],"year":1745},{"text":"John Hancock, American general and politician, first Governor of Massachusetts (died 1793)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"John_Hancock","displaytitle":"John Hancock","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q272774","titles":{"canonical":"John_Hancock","normalized":"John Hancock","display":"John Hancock"},"pageid":16324,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/John_Hancock_1770.jpg/330px-John_Hancock_1770.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":399},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/John_Hancock_1770.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":979,"height":1185},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373023970","tid":"d97a12b9-a7ae-11f1-8ee0-631432f84a64","timestamp":"2026-09-03T15:48:04Z","description":"American Founding Father (1737–1793)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Hancock"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/John_Hancock","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Hancock"}},"extract":"John Hancock was an American Founding Father, merchant, statesman, and prominent Patriot of the American Revolution. He was the longest-serving president of the Continental Congress, having served as the second president of the Second Continental Congress and the seventh president of the Congress of the Confederation. He was the first and third governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. His large and stylish signature on the United States Declaration of Independence led to John Hancock or Hancock becoming a colloquialism for a person's signature. He also signed the Articles of Confederation, and used his influence to ensure that Massachusetts ratified the United States Constitution in 1788.","extract_html":"John Hancock was an American Founding Father, merchant, statesman, and prominent Patriot of the American Revolution. He was the longest-serving president of the Continental Congress, having served as the second president of the Second Continental Congress and the seventh president of the Congress of the Confederation. He was the first and third governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. His large and stylish signature on the United States Declaration of Independence led to John Hancock or Hancock becoming a colloquialism for a person's signature. He also signed the Articles of Confederation, and used his influence to ensure that Massachusetts ratified the United States Constitution in 1788.
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","normalizedtitle":"Governor of Massachusetts"}],"year":1737},{"text":"John Landen, English mathematician and theorist (died 1790)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"John_Landen","displaytitle":"John Landen","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1398963","titles":{"canonical":"John_Landen","normalized":"John Landen","display":"John Landen"},"pageid":1400598,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Landen%2C_John_%E2%80%93_The_residual_analysis%2C_1764_%E2%80%93_BEIC_722288.jpg/330px-Landen%2C_John_%E2%80%93_The_residual_analysis%2C_1764_%E2%80%93_BEIC_722288.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":433},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Landen%2C_John_%E2%80%93_The_residual_analysis%2C_1764_%E2%80%93_BEIC_722288.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":805,"height":1056},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1332141005","tid":"94910f32-edd0-11f0-9e3b-3918a25c7f4f","timestamp":"2026-01-10T03:00:55Z","description":"English mathematician (1719–1790)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Landen","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Landen?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Landen?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Landen"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Landen","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/John_Landen","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Landen?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Landen"}},"extract":"\n\nJohn Landen was an English mathematician.","extract_html":"\n\nJohn Landen was an English mathematician.
","normalizedtitle":"John Landen"}],"year":1719},{"text":"Abraham Diepraam, Dutch painter (died 1670)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Abraham_Diepraam","displaytitle":"Abraham Diepraam","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q329945","titles":{"canonical":"Abraham_Diepraam","normalized":"Abraham Diepraam","display":"Abraham Diepraam"},"pageid":27237660,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Abraham_Diepraam_-_a_cobbler_at_work.jpg/330px-Abraham_Diepraam_-_a_cobbler_at_work.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":417},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Abraham_Diepraam_-_a_cobbler_at_work.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":512,"height":647},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366098015","tid":"f70ab18f-88bf-11f1-accb-2d1110577a3b","timestamp":"2026-07-26T07:02:29Z","description":"Dutch painter","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Diepraam","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Diepraam?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Diepraam?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Abraham_Diepraam"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Diepraam","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Abraham_Diepraam","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Diepraam?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Abraham_Diepraam"}},"extract":"Abraham Diepraam, or Diepraem, was a Dutch Golden Age painter.","extract_html":"Abraham Diepraam, or Diepraem, was a Dutch Golden Age painter.
","normalizedtitle":"Abraham Diepraam"}],"year":1622},{"text":"Mary Ward, English Catholic Religious Sister (died 1645)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Mary_Ward_(nun)","displaytitle":"Mary Ward (nun)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q291061","titles":{"canonical":"Mary_Ward_(nun)","normalized":"Mary Ward (nun)","display":"Mary Ward (nun)"},"pageid":2651851,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Mary_Ward.jpg/330px-Mary_Ward.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":476},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Mary_Ward.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":332,"height":479},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1362261163","tid":"0a77833a-7658-11f1-9893-2658ecfbc334","timestamp":"2026-07-02T20:53:13Z","description":"English Catholic religious sister (1585–1645)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ward_(nun)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ward_(nun)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ward_(nun)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mary_Ward_(nun)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ward_(nun)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Mary_Ward_(nun)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ward_(nun)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mary_Ward_(nun)"}},"extract":"Mary Ward, IBVM CJ was an English Catholic religious sister whose activities led to the founding of the Congregation of Jesus and the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, better known as the Sisters of Loreto. There is now a network of around 200 Mary Ward schools worldwide. Ward was declared venerable by Pope Benedict XVI on 19 December 2009.","extract_html":"Mary Ward, IBVM CJ was an English Catholic religious sister whose activities led to the founding of the Congregation of Jesus and the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, better known as the Sisters of Loreto. There is now a network of around 200 Mary Ward schools worldwide. Ward was declared venerable by Pope Benedict XVI on 19 December 2009.
","normalizedtitle":"Mary Ward (nun)"}],"year":1585},{"text":"Hai Rui, Chinese politician (died 1587)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Hai_Rui","displaytitle":"Hai Rui","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q934891","titles":{"canonical":"Hai_Rui","normalized":"Hai Rui","display":"Hai Rui"},"pageid":3635498,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/%E6%B5%B7%E9%9D%92%E5%A4%A9%E5%83%8F.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":183,"height":283},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/%E6%B5%B7%E9%9D%92%E5%A4%A9%E5%83%8F.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":183,"height":283},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1339015696","tid":"999e8397-0cd7-11f1-a655-923925c27541","timestamp":"2026-02-18T14:39:16Z","description":"Chinese politician (1514–1587)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hai_Rui","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hai_Rui?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hai_Rui?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hai_Rui"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hai_Rui","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Hai_Rui","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hai_Rui?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hai_Rui"}},"extract":"Hai Rui, courtesy name Ru Xian (汝賢), art name Gang Feng (剛峰), was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the Ming dynasty, remembered as a model of honesty and integrity in office.","extract_html":"Hai Rui, courtesy name Ru Xian (汝賢), art name Gang Feng (剛峰), was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the Ming dynasty, remembered as a model of honesty and integrity in office.
","normalizedtitle":"Hai Rui"}],"year":1514},{"text":"Louis III, Elector Palatine (died 1436)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Louis_III,_Elector_Palatine","displaytitle":"Louis III, Elector Palatine","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q64515","titles":{"canonical":"Louis_III,_Elector_Palatine","normalized":"Louis III, Elector Palatine","display":"Louis III, Elector Palatine"},"pageid":4036895,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ludwig_III._von_der_Pfalz.jpg/330px-Ludwig_III._von_der_Pfalz.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":314},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Ludwig_III._von_der_Pfalz.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":960,"height":912},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369419941","tid":"bc45cabc-9828-11f1-a0b1-73f07206d28c","timestamp":"2026-08-14T21:40:15Z","description":"Elector Palatine from 1410 to 1436","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III%2C_Elector_Palatine","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III%2C_Elector_Palatine?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III%2C_Elector_Palatine?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Louis_III%2C_Elector_Palatine"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III%2C_Elector_Palatine","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Louis_III%2C_Elector_Palatine","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_III%2C_Elector_Palatine?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Louis_III%2C_Elector_Palatine"}},"extract":"Louis III, was an Elector Palatine of the Rhine from the house of Wittelsbach in 1410–1436.","extract_html":"Louis III, was an Elector Palatine of the Rhine from the house of Wittelsbach in 1410–1436.
","normalizedtitle":"Louis III, Elector Palatine"}],"year":1378},{"text":"Vincent Ferrer, Spanish missionary and saint (died 1419)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Vincent_Ferrer","displaytitle":"Vincent Ferrer","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q317131","titles":{"canonical":"Vincent_Ferrer","normalized":"Vincent Ferrer","display":"Vincent Ferrer"},"pageid":1195103,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Joan_de_Joanes_-_St_Vincent_Ferrer_-_WGA12062.jpg/330px-Joan_de_Joanes_-_St_Vincent_Ferrer_-_WGA12062.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":577},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Joan_de_Joanes_-_St_Vincent_Ferrer_-_WGA12062.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":550,"height":961},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373658996","tid":"a23b89e6-aa72-11f1-8310-a4c3103bbdd3","timestamp":"2026-09-07T04:14:35Z","description":"Valencian Dominican friar (1350–1419)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Ferrer","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Ferrer?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Ferrer?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Vincent_Ferrer"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Ferrer","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Vincent_Ferrer","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Ferrer?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Vincent_Ferrer"}},"extract":"Vincent Ferrer, OP was a Valencian Dominican friar who gained acclaim as a preacher, missionary and logician. After supporting Antipope Benedict XIII during the Western Schism, Ferrer travelled to preach across Western Europe and the British Isles. His preaching has been credited in some sources as converting 25,000 Jews to Catholicism. Other sources indicate that it involved support for coercive means, such as the forcible conversion of synagogues into churches. He was canonized in 1455.","extract_html":"Vincent Ferrer, OP was a Valencian Dominican friar who gained acclaim as a preacher, missionary and logician. After supporting Antipope Benedict XIII during the Western Schism, Ferrer travelled to preach across Western Europe and the British Isles. His preaching has been credited in some sources as converting 25,000 Jews to Catholicism. Other sources indicate that it involved support for coercive means, such as the forcible conversion of synagogues into churches. He was canonized in 1455.
","normalizedtitle":"Vincent Ferrer"}],"year":1350}],"deaths":[{"text":"Charles Osgood, American radio and television commentator, writer and musician (born 1933)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Charles_Osgood","displaytitle":"Charles Osgood","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5081387","titles":{"canonical":"Charles_Osgood","normalized":"Charles Osgood","display":"Charles Osgood"},"pageid":821177,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Charles_Osgood_1979.jpg/330px-Charles_Osgood_1979.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":428},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Charles_Osgood_1979.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1280,"height":1661},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372548907","tid":"5ea1d426-a5c5-11f1-8e6d-c50b1569679e","timestamp":"2026-09-01T05:24:14Z","description":"American television news anchor (1933–2024)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Osgood","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Osgood?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Osgood?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Charles_Osgood"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Osgood","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Charles_Osgood","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Osgood?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Charles_Osgood"}},"extract":"Charles Osgood Wood III was an American radio and television commentator, writer, and musician. Osgood was the host of CBS News Sunday Morning, a role he held for over 22 years from April 10, 1994, until September 25, 2016. He also hosted a series of daily radio commentaries: The Osgood File, from 1971 until December 29, 2017.","extract_html":"Charles Osgood Wood III was an American radio and television commentator, writer, and musician. Osgood was the host of CBS News Sunday Morning, a role he held for over 22 years from April 10, 1994, until September 25, 2016. He also hosted a series of daily radio commentaries: The Osgood File, from 1971 until December 29, 2017.
","normalizedtitle":"Charles Osgood"}],"year":2024},{"text":"Melanie Safka, American Emmy winning singer-songwriter (born 1947)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Melanie_(singer)","displaytitle":"Melanie (singer)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q157293","titles":{"canonical":"Melanie_(singer)","normalized":"Melanie (singer)","display":"Melanie (singer)"},"pageid":299149,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Melanie_Safka_1975_crop.jpg/330px-Melanie_Safka_1975_crop.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":322},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Melanie_Safka_1975_crop.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":634,"height":619},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373671749","tid":"d7030c1c-aa81-11f1-9bbf-9d7c39b0e68e","timestamp":"2026-09-07T06:03:26Z","description":"American musician (1947–2024)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_(singer)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_(singer)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_(singer)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Melanie_(singer)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_(singer)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Melanie_(singer)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_(singer)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Melanie_(singer)"}},"extract":"Melanie Anne Safka-Schekeryk, professionally known as Melanie or Melanie Safka, was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist.","extract_html":"Melanie Anne Safka-Schekeryk, professionally known as Melanie or Melanie Safka, was an American singer-songwriter and guitarist.
","normalizedtitle":"Melanie (singer)"}],"year":2024},{"text":"Hal Holbrook, American actor and director (born 1925)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Hal_Holbrook","displaytitle":"Hal Holbrook","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q314801","titles":{"canonical":"Hal_Holbrook","normalized":"Hal Holbrook","display":"Hal Holbrook"},"pageid":870619,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hal_Holbrook_Our_Town_1977_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Hal_Holbrook_Our_Town_1977_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":477},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Hal_Holbrook_Our_Town_1977_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1101,"height":1593},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372785939","tid":"646aea51-a69d-11f1-9333-59236cbbdad7","timestamp":"2026-09-02T07:10:35Z","description":"American actor (1925–2021)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Holbrook","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Holbrook?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Holbrook?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hal_Holbrook"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Holbrook","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Hal_Holbrook","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Holbrook?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hal_Holbrook"}},"extract":"Harold Rowe Holbrook Jr. was an American actor. He first received critical acclaim in 1954 for a one-man stage show, titled Mark Twain Tonight!, that he developed while studying at Denison University. He won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play in 1966 for his portrayal of Twain. He continued to perform his signature role for more than 60 years, retiring the show in 2017 due to his failing health. Throughout his career, he also won five Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on television and was nominated for an Academy Award for his work in film.","extract_html":"Harold Rowe Holbrook Jr. was an American actor. He first received critical acclaim in 1954 for a one-man stage show, titled Mark Twain Tonight!, that he developed while studying at Denison University. He won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play in 1966 for his portrayal of Twain. He continued to perform his signature role for more than 60 years, retiring the show in 2017 due to his failing health. Throughout his career, he also won five Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on television and was nominated for an Academy Award for his work in film.
","normalizedtitle":"Hal Holbrook"}],"year":2021},{"text":"Larry King, American journalist and talk show host (born 1933)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Larry_King","displaytitle":"Larry King","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q213430","titles":{"canonical":"Larry_King","normalized":"Larry King","display":"Larry King"},"pageid":301864,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Larry_King_in_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Larry_King_in_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Larry_King_in_2006_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":791,"height":1054},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372819074","tid":"8169e101-a6ca-11f1-949d-0db469a5c952","timestamp":"2026-09-02T12:33:31Z","description":"American TV and radio host (1933–2021)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_King","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_King?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_King?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Larry_King"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_King","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Larry_King","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_King?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Larry_King"}},"extract":"Larry King was an American TV and radio host, author and spokesman. He was a WMBM radio interviewer in the Miami area in the 1950s and 1960s. Beginning in 1978, King gained national prominence as host of The Larry King Show, an all-night nationwide call-in radio program heard over the Mutual Broadcasting System. From 1985 to 2010, he hosted the nightly interview television program Larry King Live on CNN. King hosted Larry King Now from 2012 to 2020, which aired on Hulu, Ora TV, and RT America. He hosted Politicking with Larry King, a weekly political talk show, on the same three channels from 2013 to 2020. King conducted over 50,000 interviews on radio and television.","extract_html":"Larry King was an American TV and radio host, author and spokesman. He was a WMBM radio interviewer in the Miami area in the 1950s and 1960s. Beginning in 1978, King gained national prominence as host of The Larry King Show, an all-night nationwide call-in radio program heard over the Mutual Broadcasting System. From 1985 to 2010, he hosted the nightly interview television program Larry King Live on CNN. King hosted Larry King Now from 2012 to 2020, which aired on Hulu, Ora TV, and RT America. He hosted Politicking with Larry King, a weekly political talk show, on the same three channels from 2013 to 2020. King conducted over 50,000 interviews on radio and television.
","normalizedtitle":"Larry King"}],"year":2021},{"text":"Song Yoo-jung, South Korean actress and model (born 1994)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Song_Yoo-jung","displaytitle":"Song Yoo-jung","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q17172330","titles":{"canonical":"Song_Yoo-jung","normalized":"Song Yoo-jung","display":"Song Yoo-jung"},"pageid":54023560,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/54/Songyoojung2020.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":281,"height":355},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/54/Songyoojung2020.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":281,"height":355},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1293650066","tid":"c820e3ab-4008-11f0-9b2b-a3b07da47c5a","timestamp":"2025-06-02T23:24:51Z","description":"South Korean actress and model (1994–2021)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Yoo-jung","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Yoo-jung?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Yoo-jung?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Song_Yoo-jung"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Yoo-jung","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Song_Yoo-jung","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_Yoo-jung?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Song_Yoo-jung"}},"extract":"Song Yoo-jung was a South Korean actress and model. Song made her acting debut in the MBC series Golden Rainbow (2013). She gained viewers' attention for her performance in the same cable channel series Make a Wish (2014). She also appeared in the television series School 2017 (2017).","extract_html":"Song Yoo-jung was a South Korean actress and model. Song made her acting debut in the MBC series Golden Rainbow (2013). She gained viewers' attention for her performance in the same cable channel series Make a Wish (2014). She also appeared in the television series School 2017 (2017).
","normalizedtitle":"Song Yoo-jung"}],"year":2021},{"text":"Aloysius Pang, Singaporean actor (born 1990)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Aloysius_Pang","displaytitle":"Aloysius Pang","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q18637855","titles":{"canonical":"Aloysius_Pang","normalized":"Aloysius Pang","display":"Aloysius Pang"},"pageid":44623065,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8d/Aloysius_Pang.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":301,"height":331},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8d/Aloysius_Pang.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":301,"height":331},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372552647","tid":"7aa775fb-a5c9-11f1-bd34-1b95cf32adcc","timestamp":"2026-09-01T05:53:39Z","description":"Singaporean actor (1990–2019)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloysius_Pang","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloysius_Pang?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloysius_Pang?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Aloysius_Pang"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloysius_Pang","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Aloysius_Pang","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloysius_Pang?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Aloysius_Pang"}},"extract":"Aloysius Pang Wei Chong was a Singaporean actor once managed under NoonTalk Media, best known for his involvement in multiple Mediacorp dramas.","extract_html":"Aloysius Pang Wei Chong was a Singaporean actor once managed under NoonTalk Media, best known for his involvement in multiple Mediacorp dramas.
","normalizedtitle":"Aloysius Pang"}],"year":2019},{"text":"Oliver Mtukudzi, Zimbabwean Afro Jazz musician (born 1952)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Oliver_Mtukudzi","displaytitle":"Oliver Mtukudzi","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q983221","titles":{"canonical":"Oliver_Mtukudzi","normalized":"Oliver Mtukudzi","display":"Oliver Mtukudzi"},"pageid":1236894,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Oliver_Mtukudzi.jpg/330px-Oliver_Mtukudzi.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":447},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Oliver_Mtukudzi.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":344,"height":466},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371035638","tid":"d72ee1b5-9f80-11f1-af41-46a97f4bb95b","timestamp":"2026-08-24T05:58:34Z","description":"Zimbabwean musician (1952–2019)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Mtukudzi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Mtukudzi?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Mtukudzi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Oliver_Mtukudzi"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Mtukudzi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Oliver_Mtukudzi","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Mtukudzi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Oliver_Mtukudzi"}},"extract":"Oliver \"Tuku\" Mtukudzi was a Zimbabwean musician, businessman, philanthropist, human rights activist and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for the Southern Africa Region.","extract_html":"Oliver \"Tuku\" Mtukudzi was a Zimbabwean musician, businessman, philanthropist, human rights activist and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador for the Southern Africa Region.
","normalizedtitle":"Oliver Mtukudzi"}],"year":2019},{"text":"Hugh Masekela, South African trumpeter, composer and singer (born 1939)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Hugh_Masekela","displaytitle":"Hugh Masekela","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q246594","titles":{"canonical":"Hugh_Masekela","normalized":"Hugh Masekela","display":"Hugh Masekela"},"pageid":164097,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Womex2011_-_Crawfurd6468_%286299756789%29.jpg/330px-Womex2011_-_Crawfurd6468_%286299756789%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":282},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Womex2011_-_Crawfurd6468_%286299756789%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":775,"height":663},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374280809","tid":"19c32c8e-ad7b-11f1-93cd-004ddc23ff20","timestamp":"2026-09-11T00:52:45Z","description":"South African musician and composer (1939–2018)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Masekela","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Masekela?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Masekela?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hugh_Masekela"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Masekela","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Hugh_Masekela","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Masekela?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hugh_Masekela"}},"extract":"Hugh Ramapolo Masekela was a South African trumpeter, flugelhornist, cornetist, singer and composer who was described as \"the father of South African jazz\". Masekela was known for his jazz compositions and for writing well-known anti-apartheid songs such as \"Soweto Blues\" and \"Bring Him Back Home\". He also had a number-one US pop hit in 1968 with the song \"Grazing in the Grass\", which was later covered by various other artists.","extract_html":"Hugh Ramapolo Masekela was a South African trumpeter, flugelhornist, cornetist, singer and composer who was described as \"the father of South African jazz\". Masekela was known for his jazz compositions and for writing well-known anti-apartheid songs such as \"Soweto Blues\" and \"Bring Him Back Home\". He also had a number-one US pop hit in 1968 with the song \"Grazing in the Grass\", which was later covered by various other artists.
","normalizedtitle":"Hugh Masekela"}],"year":2018},{"text":"Wyatt Tee Walker, American civil rights activist and pastor (born 1928)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Wyatt_Tee_Walker","displaytitle":"Wyatt Tee Walker","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q8039516","titles":{"canonical":"Wyatt_Tee_Walker","normalized":"Wyatt Tee Walker","display":"Wyatt Tee Walker"},"pageid":1566357,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1341904198","tid":"21d7791e-18d7-11f1-8699-bcac1f0035be","timestamp":"2026-03-05T21:06:09Z","description":"American civil rights activist and pastor (1928–2018)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyatt_Tee_Walker","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyatt_Tee_Walker?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyatt_Tee_Walker?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wyatt_Tee_Walker"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyatt_Tee_Walker","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Wyatt_Tee_Walker","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyatt_Tee_Walker?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wyatt_Tee_Walker"}},"extract":"Wyatt Tee Walker was an African-American pastor, national civil rights leader, theologian, and cultural historian. He was a chief of staff for Martin Luther King Jr., and in 1958 became an early board member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He helped found a Congress for Racial Equality (CORE) chapter in 1958. As executive director of the SCLC from 1960 to 1964, Walker helped to bring the group to national prominence. Walker sat at the feet of his mentor, BG Crawley, who was a Baptist Minister in Brooklyn, NY and New York State Judge.","extract_html":"Wyatt Tee Walker was an African-American pastor, national civil rights leader, theologian, and cultural historian. He was a chief of staff for Martin Luther King Jr., and in 1958 became an early board member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). He helped found a Congress for Racial Equality (CORE) chapter in 1958. As executive director of the SCLC from 1960 to 1964, Walker helped to bring the group to national prominence. Walker sat at the feet of his mentor, BG Crawley, who was a Baptist Minister in Brooklyn, NY and New York State Judge.
","normalizedtitle":"Wyatt Tee Walker"}],"year":2018},{"text":"Ernie Banks, American baseball player and coach (born 1931)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Ernie_Banks","displaytitle":"Ernie Banks","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3051017","titles":{"canonical":"Ernie_Banks","normalized":"Ernie Banks","display":"Ernie Banks"},"pageid":355517,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Ernie_Banks_1969.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":295,"height":452},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Ernie_Banks_1969.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":295,"height":452},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372711298","tid":"0ec01e66-a658-11f1-bac1-439b985d0509","timestamp":"2026-09-01T22:54:16Z","description":"American baseball player (1931–2015)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Banks","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Banks?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Banks?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ernie_Banks"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Banks","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ernie_Banks","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie_Banks?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ernie_Banks"}},"extract":"Ernest Banks, nicknamed \"Mr. Cub\" and \"Mr. Sunshine\", was an American professional baseball player who starred in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a shortstop and first baseman for the Chicago Cubs between 1953 and 1971. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1977 in his first year of eligibility, and was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999.","extract_html":"Ernest Banks, nicknamed \"Mr. Cub\" and \"Mr. Sunshine\", was an American professional baseball player who starred in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a shortstop and first baseman for the Chicago Cubs between 1953 and 1971. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1977 in his first year of eligibility, and was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999.
","normalizedtitle":"Ernie Banks"}],"year":2015},{"text":"Prosper Ego, Dutch activist, founded the Oud-Strijders Legioen (born 1927)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Prosper_Ego","displaytitle":"Prosper Ego","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1923907","titles":{"canonical":"Prosper_Ego","normalized":"Prosper Ego","display":"Prosper Ego"},"pageid":43781549,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/P._J._G._A._Ego_%2C_voorzitter_Oud_Strijders_Legioen_arriveert_op_Schiphol_na_een_%284x5_cropped%29.jpg/330px-P._J._G._A._Ego_%2C_voorzitter_Oud_Strijders_Legioen_arriveert_op_Schiphol_na_een_%284x5_cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":413},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/P._J._G._A._Ego_%2C_voorzitter_Oud_Strijders_Legioen_arriveert_op_Schiphol_na_een_%284x5_cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1711,"height":2139},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1357316153","tid":"344b4a9e-5e11-11f1-96d5-b3d351aa3829","timestamp":"2026-06-01T23:25:41Z","description":"Dutch politician (1927–2015)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosper_Ego","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosper_Ego?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosper_Ego?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Prosper_Ego"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosper_Ego","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Prosper_Ego","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosper_Ego?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Prosper_Ego"}},"extract":"Prosper Joannes Gerardus Antonius Ego was a Dutch politician and founder of the veterans' organization the Oud-Strijders Legioen.","extract_html":"Prosper Joannes Gerardus Antonius Ego was a Dutch politician and founder of the veterans' organization the Oud-Strijders Legioen.
","normalizedtitle":"Prosper Ego"},{"type":"standard","title":"Oud-Strijders_Legioen","displaytitle":"Oud-Strijders Legioen","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2689372","titles":{"canonical":"Oud-Strijders_Legioen","normalized":"Oud-Strijders Legioen","display":"Oud-Strijders Legioen"},"pageid":43766800,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Landelijke_bijeenkomst_OSL_in_Apeldoorn_CdK_in_Friesland_Wiegel_%2C_mr._Baron_van%2C_Bestanddeelnr_933-4380.jpg/330px-Landelijke_bijeenkomst_OSL_in_Apeldoorn_CdK_in_Friesland_Wiegel_%2C_mr._Baron_van%2C_Bestanddeelnr_933-4380.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":219},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Landelijke_bijeenkomst_OSL_in_Apeldoorn_CdK_in_Friesland_Wiegel_%2C_mr._Baron_van%2C_Bestanddeelnr_933-4380.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3649,"height":2419},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1350013332","tid":"83ac3209-3c3c-11f1-8eb3-63a5b112e1d2","timestamp":"2026-04-19T22:10:03Z","description":"Dutch right-wing veterans organization","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud-Strijders_Legioen","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud-Strijders_Legioen?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud-Strijders_Legioen?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Oud-Strijders_Legioen"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud-Strijders_Legioen","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Oud-Strijders_Legioen","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oud-Strijders_Legioen?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Oud-Strijders_Legioen"}},"extract":"The Oud-Strijders Legioen was a Dutch right-wing veterans' organization that was active after 1958 and which still maintains a web presence. Though never a big organization or a political party, the OSL exerted considerable influence in Dutch politics and was a well-known voice for conservative nationalism, particularly in the 1980s and 1990s. It was led, from the beginning, by military veteran Prosper Ego.","extract_html":"The Oud-Strijders Legioen was a Dutch right-wing veterans' organization that was active after 1958 and which still maintains a web presence. Though never a big organization or a political party, the OSL exerted considerable influence in Dutch politics and was a well-known voice for conservative nationalism, particularly in the 1980s and 1990s. It was led, from the beginning, by military veteran Prosper Ego.
","normalizedtitle":"Oud-Strijders Legioen"}],"year":2015},{"text":"Abdullah of Saudi Arabia (born 1924)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia","displaytitle":"Abdullah of Saudi Arabia","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q57298","titles":{"canonical":"Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia","normalized":"Abdullah of Saudi Arabia","display":"Abdullah of Saudi Arabia"},"pageid":19186951,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/King_Abdullah_bin_Abdul_al-Saud_January_2007.jpg/330px-King_Abdullah_bin_Abdul_al-Saud_January_2007.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":432},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/King_Abdullah_bin_Abdul_al-Saud_January_2007.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":648,"height":848},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368822118","tid":"f7ad7342-955e-11f1-ab77-60e1a73996bf","timestamp":"2026-08-11T08:30:54Z","description":"King of Saudi Arabia from 2005 to 2015","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia"}},"extract":"Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was King and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia from 1 August 2005 until his death in 2015. Prior to his accession, he was Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia from 13 June 1982. He was the tenth son of King Abdulaziz, the founder of Saudi Arabia.","extract_html":"Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud was King and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia from 1 August 2005 until his death in 2015. Prior to his accession, he was Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia from 13 June 1982. He was the tenth son of King Abdulaziz, the founder of Saudi Arabia.
","normalizedtitle":"Abdullah of Saudi Arabia"}],"year":2015},{"text":"Yuri Izrael, Russian meteorologist and journalist (born 1930)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Yuri_Izrael","displaytitle":"Yuri Izrael","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4198841","titles":{"canonical":"Yuri_Izrael","normalized":"Yuri Izrael","display":"Yuri Izrael"},"pageid":11417651,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Yury_Izrael.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":269,"height":308},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Yury_Izrael.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":269,"height":308},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1338749336","tid":"d3687227-0b97-11f1-ade9-eccefae509a7","timestamp":"2026-02-17T00:30:14Z","description":"Russian scientist (1930–2014)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Yuri_Izrael"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Yuri_Izrael","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Izrael?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Yuri_Izrael"}},"extract":"Yuri Antonievich Izrael was a Soviet and Russian meteorologist. He served as the vice-chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) until September 2008, when the new bureau was elected. He was the \"most influential scientific adviser\" for Vladimir Putin, the president of Russia, according to CNN.","extract_html":"Yuri Antonievich Izrael was a Soviet and Russian meteorologist. He served as the vice-chairman of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) until September 2008, when the new bureau was elected. He was the \"most influential scientific adviser\" for Vladimir Putin, the president of Russia, according to CNN.
","normalizedtitle":"Yuri Izrael"}],"year":2014},{"text":"Elmira Nazirova, Azerbaijani composer (born 1928)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Elmira_Nazirova","displaytitle":"Elmira Nazirova","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q16334134","titles":{"canonical":"Elmira_Nazirova","normalized":"Elmira Nazirova","display":"Elmira Nazirova"},"pageid":81083818,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Elmira_Nezirova.jpg/330px-Elmira_Nezirova.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":463},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Elmira_Nezirova.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":470,"height":659},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1357111698","tid":"650781fa-5d30-11f1-a516-c09d50cc30f6","timestamp":"2026-05-31T20:36:26Z","description":"Azerbaijani composer (1928–2014)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmira_Nazirova","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmira_Nazirova?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmira_Nazirova?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elmira_Nazirova"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmira_Nazirova","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Elmira_Nazirova","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmira_Nazirova?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elmira_Nazirova"}},"extract":"Elmira Mirza Rza-kyzy Nazirova was an Azerbaijani composer. Born to a Georgian Jewish family, she was a child prodigy who excelled at music and trained at the Azerbaijan State Conservatory for several years. At 14, she became one of the youngest members of the Composers Union of Azerbaijan. Nazirova performed abroad, where her talent was recognised by prominent musicians, and she pursued an education at the Moscow Conservatory. Through her education there, she met and became lifelong friends with Soviet composer Dmitri Shostakovich, having significant impact on his work, particularly his Tenth Symphony.","extract_html":"Elmira Mirza Rza-kyzy Nazirova was an Azerbaijani composer. Born to a Georgian Jewish family, she was a child prodigy who excelled at music and trained at the Azerbaijan State Conservatory for several years. At 14, she became one of the youngest members of the Composers Union of Azerbaijan. Nazirova performed abroad, where her talent was recognised by prominent musicians, and she pursued an education at the Moscow Conservatory. Through her education there, she met and became lifelong friends with Soviet composer Dmitri Shostakovich, having significant impact on his work, particularly his Tenth Symphony.
","normalizedtitle":"Elmira Nazirova"}],"year":2014},{"text":"Józef Glemp, Polish cardinal (born 1929)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Józef_Glemp","displaytitle":"Józef Glemp","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q365238","titles":{"canonical":"Józef_Glemp","normalized":"Józef Glemp","display":"Józef Glemp"},"pageid":1684396,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/JKRUK_20080826_PRYMAS_JOZEF_GLEMP_JASNA_GORA_DSC07260A_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-JKRUK_20080826_PRYMAS_JOZEF_GLEMP_JASNA_GORA_DSC07260A_%28cropped%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":416},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/JKRUK_20080826_PRYMAS_JOZEF_GLEMP_JASNA_GORA_DSC07260A_%28cropped%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1050,"height":1324},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365992049","tid":"03ebc0ac-8848-11f1-9c68-c2dd91f3d701","timestamp":"2026-07-25T16:43:51Z","description":"Polish cardinal","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Glemp","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Glemp?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Glemp?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:J%C3%B3zef_Glemp"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Glemp","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/J%C3%B3zef_Glemp","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Glemp?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:J%C3%B3zef_Glemp"}},"extract":"Józef Glemp was a Polish cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Warsaw from 1981 to 2006, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1983. He assumed the title of Primate of Poland following Stefan Wyszyński's death.","extract_html":"Józef Glemp was a Polish cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Archbishop of Warsaw from 1981 to 2006, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1983. He assumed the title of Primate of Poland following Stefan Wyszyński's death.
","normalizedtitle":"Józef Glemp"}],"year":2013},{"text":"Robert W. Scott, American farmer and politician, 67th Governor of North Carolina (born 1929)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Robert_W._Scott","displaytitle":"Robert W. Scott","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q262620","titles":{"canonical":"Robert_W._Scott","normalized":"Robert W. Scott","display":"Robert W. Scott"},"pageid":434394,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Robert_W._Scott_official_photo.jpg/330px-Robert_W._Scott_official_photo.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":426},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Robert_W._Scott_official_photo.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":975,"height":1260},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370046322","tid":"89137b97-9b45-11f1-b177-f0b5abc01b0f","timestamp":"2026-08-18T20:43:58Z","description":"American politician (1929–2009)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Scott","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Scott?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Scott?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Robert_W._Scott"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Scott","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Robert_W._Scott","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_W._Scott?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Robert_W._Scott"}},"extract":"Robert Walter \"Bob\" Scott was an American politician who served as the 67th Governor of North Carolina from 1969 to 1973. He was born and died in Haw River, North Carolina.","extract_html":"Robert Walter \"Bob\" Scott was an American politician who served as the 67th Governor of North Carolina from 1969 to 1973. He was born and died in Haw River, North Carolina.
","normalizedtitle":"Robert W. Scott"},{"type":"standard","title":"Governor_of_North_Carolina","displaytitle":"Governor of North Carolina","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q16202700","titles":{"canonical":"Governor_of_North_Carolina","normalized":"Governor of North Carolina","display":"Governor of North Carolina"},"pageid":253083,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg/330px-Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg/960px-Flag_of_North_Carolina.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":750,"height":500},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373667027","tid":"e0d54049-aa7a-11f1-93e6-36792b273997","timestamp":"2026-09-07T05:13:36Z","description":"Head of government of the U.S. state of North Carolina","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_North_Carolina","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_North_Carolina?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_North_Carolina?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Governor_of_North_Carolina"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_North_Carolina","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Governor_of_North_Carolina","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_North_Carolina?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Governor_of_North_Carolina"}},"extract":"The governor of North Carolina is the head of government of the U.S. state of North Carolina. Seventy-five people have held the office since the first state governor, Richard Caswell, took office in 1777. The governor serves a term of four years and chairs the collective body of the state's elected executive officials, the Council of State. The governor's powers and responsibilities are prescribed by the state constitution and by law. They serve as the North Carolina's chief executive and are tasked by the constitution with faithfully carrying out the laws of the state. They are ex officio commander in chief of the North Carolina National Guard and director of the state budget. The office has some powers of appointment of executive branch officials, some judges, and members of boards and commissions. Governors are also empowered to grant pardons and veto legislation.","extract_html":"The governor of North Carolina is the head of government of the U.S. state of North Carolina. Seventy-five people have held the office since the first state governor, Richard Caswell, took office in 1777. The governor serves a term of four years and chairs the collective body of the state's elected executive officials, the Council of State. The governor's powers and responsibilities are prescribed by the state constitution and by law. They serve as the North Carolina's chief executive and are tasked by the constitution with faithfully carrying out the laws of the state. They are ex officio commander in chief of the North Carolina National Guard and director of the state budget. The office has some powers of appointment of executive branch officials, some judges, and members of boards and commissions. Governors are also empowered to grant pardons and veto legislation.
","normalizedtitle":"Governor of North Carolina"}],"year":2009},{"text":"Syed Hussein Alatas, Malaysian sociologist and politician (born 1928)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Syed_Hussein_Alatas","displaytitle":"Syed Hussein Alatas","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7660347","titles":{"canonical":"Syed_Hussein_Alatas","normalized":"Syed Hussein Alatas","display":"Syed Hussein Alatas"},"pageid":4140177,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/07/Syed_Hussein_al-Attas.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":274,"height":365},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/07/Syed_Hussein_al-Attas.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":274,"height":365},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1350434537","tid":"a5d9b6db-3dd6-11f1-aace-7a6ed194d303","timestamp":"2026-04-21T23:05:54Z","description":"Malaysian academic, sociologist and politician","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Hussein_Alatas","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Hussein_Alatas?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Hussein_Alatas?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Syed_Hussein_Alatas"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Hussein_Alatas","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Syed_Hussein_Alatas","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Hussein_Alatas?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Syed_Hussein_Alatas"}},"extract":"Syed Hussein Alatas bin Syed Ali Alatas was a Malaysian academic, sociologist, politician, and founder of social science organisations. He was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Malaya in the 1980s and formed the Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan). Syed Hussein wrote several books on corruption, multi-racialism, imperialism, and intellectual captivity as part of the colonial, and postcolonial, project, the most famous being The Myth of the Lazy Native.","extract_html":"Syed Hussein Alatas bin Syed Ali Alatas was a Malaysian academic, sociologist, politician, and founder of social science organisations. He was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Malaya in the 1980s and formed the Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia (Gerakan). Syed Hussein wrote several books on corruption, multi-racialism, imperialism, and intellectual captivity as part of the colonial, and postcolonial, project, the most famous being The Myth of the Lazy Native.
","normalizedtitle":"Syed Hussein Alatas"}],"year":2007},{"text":"Johnny Carson, American talk show host, television personality, and producer (born 1925)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Johnny_Carson","displaytitle":"Johnny Carson","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q310819","titles":{"canonical":"Johnny_Carson","normalized":"Johnny Carson","display":"Johnny Carson"},"pageid":99959,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Johnny_Carson_Tonight_Show_1965.JPG/330px-Johnny_Carson_Tonight_Show_1965.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":439},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Johnny_Carson_Tonight_Show_1965.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":710,"height":945},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372452063","tid":"ff6aa104-a579-11f1-9838-2cb47dfe0f7a","timestamp":"2026-08-31T20:24:42Z","description":"American comedian and television host (1925–2005)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Carson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Carson?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Carson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Johnny_Carson"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Carson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Johnny_Carson","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Carson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Johnny_Carson"}},"extract":"John William Carson was an American television host, comedian, and writer. He was best known as the host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, the third installment of The Tonight Show, which aired on NBC from 1962 to 1992.","extract_html":"John William Carson was an American television host, comedian, and writer. He was best known as the host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, the third installment of The Tonight Show, which aired on NBC from 1962 to 1992.
","normalizedtitle":"Johnny Carson"}],"year":2005},{"text":"Helmut Newton, German-Australian photographer (born 1920)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Helmut_Newton","displaytitle":"Helmut Newton","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q57395","titles":{"canonical":"Helmut_Newton","normalized":"Helmut Newton","display":"Helmut Newton"},"pageid":179438,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Helmut_Newton_Grave_headshot_crop.jpg/330px-Helmut_Newton_Grave_headshot_crop.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":369},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/Helmut_Newton_Grave_headshot_crop.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":661,"height":740},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374146778","tid":"add2bdc7-acc5-11f1-9b4f-4556ccdfc404","timestamp":"2026-09-10T03:14:05Z","description":"German-Australian photographer (1920–2004)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Newton","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Newton?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Newton?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Helmut_Newton"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Newton","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Helmut_Newton","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Newton?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Helmut_Newton"}},"extract":"Helmut Newton was a German-Australian photographer. The New York Times described him as a \"prolific, widely imitated fashion photographer whose provocative, erotically charged black-and-white photos were a mainstay of Vogue and other publications.\"","extract_html":"Helmut Newton was a German-Australian photographer. The New York Times described him as a \"prolific, widely imitated fashion photographer whose provocative, erotically charged black-and-white photos were a mainstay of Vogue and other publications.\"
","normalizedtitle":"Helmut Newton"}],"year":2004},{"text":"Nell Carter, American actress and singer (born 1948)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Nell_Carter","displaytitle":"Nell Carter","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q271840","titles":{"canonical":"Nell_Carter","normalized":"Nell Carter","display":"Nell Carter"},"pageid":173519,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f6/Nell_Carter.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":274,"height":364},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f6/Nell_Carter.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":274,"height":364},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371010429","tid":"9c6e8171-9f6b-11f1-a067-cfde8e1a334c","timestamp":"2026-08-24T03:26:36Z","description":"American singer and actress (1948–2003)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nell_Carter","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nell_Carter?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nell_Carter?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nell_Carter"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nell_Carter","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Nell_Carter","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nell_Carter?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nell_Carter"}},"extract":"Nell Carter was an American actress and singer.","extract_html":"Nell Carter was an American actress and singer.
","normalizedtitle":"Nell Carter"}],"year":2003},{"text":"Paul Aars, American race car driver (born 1934)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Paul_Aars","displaytitle":"Paul Aars","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q6604272","titles":{"canonical":"Paul_Aars","normalized":"Paul Aars","display":"Paul Aars"},"pageid":3008388,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367428931","tid":"edde9e6f-8eda-11f1-965a-726fef638c6d","timestamp":"2026-08-03T01:30:37Z","description":"American racecar driver (1934–2002)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Aars","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Aars?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Aars?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Paul_Aars"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Aars","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Paul_Aars","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Aars?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Paul_Aars"}},"extract":"Paul Charles Aars was an American stock car driver. He was born on June 4, 1934, and lived in San Mateo, California.","extract_html":"Paul Charles Aars was an American stock car driver. He was born on June 4, 1934, and lived in San Mateo, California.
","normalizedtitle":"Paul Aars"}],"year":2002},{"text":"Pierre Bourdieu, French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher (born 1930)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Pierre_Bourdieu","displaytitle":"Pierre Bourdieu","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q156268","titles":{"canonical":"Pierre_Bourdieu","normalized":"Pierre Bourdieu","display":"Pierre Bourdieu"},"pageid":109275,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Pierre_Bourdieu_%281%29.jpg/330px-Pierre_Bourdieu_%281%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":476},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Pierre_Bourdieu_%281%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1347,"height":1944},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372756324","tid":"a127e75f-a67f-11f1-9bf7-98a675a947ad","timestamp":"2026-09-02T03:37:32Z","description":"French sociologist, anthropologist, and philosopher (1930–2002)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pierre_Bourdieu"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Pierre_Bourdieu","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pierre_Bourdieu"}},"extract":"Pierre Bourdieu was a French sociologist and public intellectual. Bourdieu's contributions to the sociology of education, the theory of sociology, and sociology of aesthetics have achieved wide influence in several related academic fields. During his academic career he was primarily associated with the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Paris and the Collège de France.","extract_html":"Pierre Bourdieu was a French sociologist and public intellectual. Bourdieu's contributions to the sociology of education, the theory of sociology, and sociology of aesthetics have achieved wide influence in several related academic fields. During his academic career he was primarily associated with the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in Paris and the Collège de France.
","normalizedtitle":"Pierre Bourdieu"}],"year":2002},{"text":"Robert Nozick, American philosopher, author, and academic (born 1938)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Robert_Nozick","displaytitle":"Robert Nozick","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q205927","titles":{"canonical":"Robert_Nozick","normalized":"Robert Nozick","display":"Robert Nozick"},"pageid":26275,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Robert_Nozick_1977_Libertarian_Review_cover_%284x5_cropped%29.jpg/330px-Robert_Nozick_1977_Libertarian_Review_cover_%284x5_cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":413},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Robert_Nozick_1977_Libertarian_Review_cover_%284x5_cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1018,"height":1273},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371922090","tid":"fcad584e-a391-11f1-a062-f02a55677988","timestamp":"2026-08-29T10:11:23Z","description":"American political philosopher (1938–2002)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Nozick","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Nozick?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Nozick?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Robert_Nozick"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Nozick","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Robert_Nozick","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Nozick?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Robert_Nozick"}},"extract":"Robert Nozick was an American philosopher. He held the Joseph Pellegrino University Professorship at Harvard University, and was president of the American Philosophical Association. He is best known for his book Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974), a libertarian answer to John Rawls' A Theory of Justice (1971), in which Nozick proposes his minimal state as the only justifiable form of government. His later work Philosophical Explanations (1981) advanced notable epistemological claims, namely his counterfactual theory of knowledge. It won Phi Beta Kappa society's Ralph Waldo Emerson Award the following year.","extract_html":"Robert Nozick was an American philosopher. He held the Joseph Pellegrino University Professorship at Harvard University, and was president of the American Philosophical Association. He is best known for his book Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974), a libertarian answer to John Rawls' A Theory of Justice (1971), in which Nozick proposes his minimal state as the only justifiable form of government. His later work Philosophical Explanations (1981) advanced notable epistemological claims, namely his counterfactual theory of knowledge. It won Phi Beta Kappa society's Ralph Waldo Emerson Award the following year.
","normalizedtitle":"Robert Nozick"}],"year":2002},{"text":"Joe D'Amato, Italian director and cinematographer (born 1936)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Joe_D'Amato","displaytitle":"Joe D'Amato","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q684569","titles":{"canonical":"Joe_D'Amato","normalized":"Joe D'Amato","display":"Joe D'Amato"},"pageid":653697,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Joe_D%27Amato_Cannes_1996.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":269,"height":358},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Joe_D%27Amato_Cannes_1996.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":269,"height":358},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1357481009","tid":"9d929167-5ed1-11f1-b957-6a44e2003ca8","timestamp":"2026-06-02T22:23:01Z","description":"Italian film director (1936–1999)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_D'Amato","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_D'Amato?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_D'Amato?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Joe_D'Amato"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_D'Amato","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Joe_D'Amato","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_D'Amato?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Joe_D'Amato"}},"extract":"Aristide Massaccesi, known professionally as Joe D'Amato, was an Italian film director, producer, cinematographer, and screenwriter who worked in many genres but is best known for his horror, erotic and adult films.","extract_html":"Aristide Massaccesi, known professionally as Joe D'Amato, was an Italian film director, producer, cinematographer, and screenwriter who worked in many genres but is best known for his horror, erotic and adult films.
","normalizedtitle":"Joe D'Amato"}],"year":1999},{"text":"Jay Pritzker, American businessman, co-founded the Hyatt Corporation (born 1922)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Jay_Pritzker","displaytitle":"Jay Pritzker","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1378735","titles":{"canonical":"Jay_Pritzker","normalized":"Jay Pritzker","display":"Jay Pritzker"},"pageid":6281996,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9d/Jay_Pritzker.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":264,"height":378},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9d/Jay_Pritzker.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":264,"height":378},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371982718","tid":"f4770dbb-a3d5-11f1-9618-4a24783e8d30","timestamp":"2026-08-29T18:17:55Z","description":"Cofounder of Hyatt Hotels Corp (1922–1999)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Pritzker","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Pritzker?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Pritzker?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jay_Pritzker"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Pritzker","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jay_Pritzker","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Pritzker?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jay_Pritzker"}},"extract":"Jay Arthur Pritzker was an American businessman and member of the Pritzker family. He was a founder of the Hyatt Corporation, having purchased the first Hyatt Hotel in 1957, and was responsible for the corporation's evolution into a multinational hospitality conglomerate.","extract_html":"Jay Arthur Pritzker was an American businessman and member of the Pritzker family. He was a founder of the Hyatt Corporation, having purchased the first Hyatt Hotel in 1957, and was responsible for the corporation's evolution into a multinational hospitality conglomerate.
","normalizedtitle":"Jay Pritzker"},{"type":"standard","title":"Hyatt","displaytitle":"Hyatt","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1425063","titles":{"canonical":"Hyatt","normalized":"Hyatt","display":"Hyatt"},"pageid":345878,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/150_North_Riverside%2C_Wolf_Point%2C_Chicago.jpg/330px-150_North_Riverside%2C_Wolf_Point%2C_Chicago.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":726},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/150_North_Riverside%2C_Wolf_Point%2C_Chicago.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":457,"height":1006},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370475423","tid":"305b055e-9d3e-11f1-b0a4-0e8260992959","timestamp":"2026-08-21T08:56:25Z","description":"American multinational hospitality company","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hyatt"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Hyatt","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatt?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hyatt"}},"extract":"Hyatt Hotels Corporation, commonly known as Hyatt Hotels & Resorts, is an American multinational hospitality company headquartered in the Riverside Plaza area of Chicago that manages and franchises luxury and business hotels, resorts, and vacation properties. Hyatt Hotels & Resorts is one of the businesses managed by the Pritzker family. Hyatt has more than 1350 hotels and all-inclusive properties in 69 countries, across North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia.","extract_html":"Hyatt Hotels Corporation, commonly known as Hyatt Hotels & Resorts, is an American multinational hospitality company headquartered in the Riverside Plaza area of Chicago that manages and franchises luxury and business hotels, resorts, and vacation properties. Hyatt Hotels & Resorts is one of the businesses managed by the Pritzker family. Hyatt has more than 1350 hotels and all-inclusive properties in 69 countries, across North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia.
","normalizedtitle":"Hyatt"}],"year":1999},{"text":"Nikolai Ogarkov, Russian field marshal (born 1917)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Nikolai_Ogarkov","displaytitle":"Nikolai Ogarkov","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q48097","titles":{"canonical":"Nikolai_Ogarkov","normalized":"Nikolai Ogarkov","display":"Nikolai Ogarkov"},"pageid":3196376,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9D._%D0%92._%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9D._%D0%92._%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%28cropped_2%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":445},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9D._%D0%92._%D0%9E%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%28cropped_2%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":888,"height":1197},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369563418","tid":"7bf455c7-98dd-11f1-9fb0-358942149cf7","timestamp":"2026-08-15T19:14:06Z","description":"Marshal of the Soviet Union","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Ogarkov","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Ogarkov?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Ogarkov?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nikolai_Ogarkov"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Ogarkov","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Nikolai_Ogarkov","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Ogarkov?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nikolai_Ogarkov"}},"extract":"Nikolai Vasilyevich Ogarkov was a prominent Soviet military personality. He was promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1977. Between 1977 and 1984, he was Chief of the General Staff of the USSR. He became widely known in the West when he became the Soviet military's spokesman following the shootdown of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 near Moneron Island in September 1983. He was dismissed as Chief of the General Staff on 6 September 1984.","extract_html":"Nikolai Vasilyevich Ogarkov was a prominent Soviet military personality. He was promoted to Marshal of the Soviet Union in 1977. Between 1977 and 1984, he was Chief of the General Staff of the USSR. He became widely known in the West when he became the Soviet military's spokesman following the shootdown of Korean Air Lines Flight 007 near Moneron Island in September 1983. He was dismissed as Chief of the General Staff on 6 September 1984.
","normalizedtitle":"Nikolai Ogarkov"}],"year":1994},{"text":"Brian Redhead, English journalist and author (born 1929)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Brian_Redhead","displaytitle":"Brian Redhead","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4965109","titles":{"canonical":"Brian_Redhead","normalized":"Brian Redhead","display":"Brian Redhead"},"pageid":761567,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/88/Brian_Leonard_Redhead_%281929%E2%80%931994%29.jpeg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":279,"height":358},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/88/Brian_Leonard_Redhead_%281929%E2%80%931994%29.jpeg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":279,"height":358},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371370576","tid":"42e98a2d-a0fc-11f1-b18b-4e80fa534e55","timestamp":"2026-08-26T03:14:34Z","description":"British journalist and broadcaster","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Redhead","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Redhead?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Redhead?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Brian_Redhead"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Redhead","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Brian_Redhead","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Redhead?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Brian_Redhead"}},"extract":"Brian Leonard Redhead was a British author, journalist and broadcaster. He was a co-presenter of the Today programme on BBC Radio 4 from 1975 until 1993, shortly before his death. Although a native of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, he was a great lover and promoter of the city of Manchester and the North West in general, where he lived for most of his career.","extract_html":"Brian Leonard Redhead was a British author, journalist and broadcaster. He was a co-presenter of the Today programme on BBC Radio 4 from 1975 until 1993, shortly before his death. Although a native of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, he was a great lover and promoter of the city of Manchester and the North West in general, where he lived for most of his career.
","normalizedtitle":"Brian Redhead"}],"year":1994},{"text":"Keith Laumer, American soldier, author, and diplomat (born 1925)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Keith_Laumer","displaytitle":"Keith Laumer","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q724395","titles":{"canonical":"Keith_Laumer","normalized":"Keith Laumer","display":"Keith Laumer"},"pageid":207774,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6d/KLaumerEB.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":268,"height":297},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6d/KLaumerEB.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":268,"height":297},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371955028","tid":"6ee86399-a3bf-11f1-8afe-b0e12da151d5","timestamp":"2026-08-29T15:36:42Z","description":"American science fiction writer (1925–1993)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Laumer","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Laumer?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Laumer?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Keith_Laumer"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Laumer","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Keith_Laumer","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Laumer?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Keith_Laumer"}},"extract":"John Keith Laumer was an American science fiction author. Prior to becoming a full-time writer, he was an officer in the United States Air Force and a diplomat in the United States Foreign Service. His older brother March Laumer was also a writer, known for his adult reinterpretations of the Land of Oz. Frank Laumer, their youngest brother, is a historian and writer.","extract_html":"John Keith Laumer was an American science fiction author. Prior to becoming a full-time writer, he was an officer in the United States Air Force and a diplomat in the United States Foreign Service. His older brother March Laumer was also a writer, known for his adult reinterpretations of the Land of Oz. Frank Laumer, their youngest brother, is a historian and writer.
","normalizedtitle":"Keith Laumer"}],"year":1993},{"text":"Freddie Bartholomew, American actor (born 1924)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Freddie_Bartholomew","displaytitle":"Freddie Bartholomew","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q739522","titles":{"canonical":"Freddie_Bartholomew","normalized":"Freddie Bartholomew","display":"Freddie Bartholomew"},"pageid":1115025,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Freddie_Bartholomew_in_Little_Lord_Fauntleroy_%281936%29.jpg/330px-Freddie_Bartholomew_in_Little_Lord_Fauntleroy_%281936%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":453},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Freddie_Bartholomew_in_Little_Lord_Fauntleroy_%281936%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":729,"height":1000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1360733211","tid":"ee474a4c-6ed3-11f1-92bb-deabc3915500","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:19:54Z","description":"American actor (1924–1992)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Bartholomew","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Bartholomew?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Bartholomew?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Freddie_Bartholomew"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Bartholomew","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Freddie_Bartholomew","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Bartholomew?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Freddie_Bartholomew"}},"extract":"Frederick Cecil Bartholomew, known for his acting work as Freddie Bartholomew, was an English-American child actor who was very popular in 1930s Hollywood films. His most famous starring roles are in Captains Courageous (1937) and Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936). His child acting contemporary Mickey Rooney said of him, \"He was one of the finest, if not the finest child stars that we had on the scene at that time.\" His Captains Courageous co-star Spencer Tracy said of him \"Freddie Bartholomew's acting is so fine and so simple and so true that it's way over people's heads.\"","extract_html":"Frederick Cecil Bartholomew, known for his acting work as Freddie Bartholomew, was an English-American child actor who was very popular in 1930s Hollywood films. His most famous starring roles are in Captains Courageous (1937) and Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936). His child acting contemporary Mickey Rooney said of him, \"He was one of the finest, if not the finest child stars that we had on the scene at that time.\" His Captains Courageous co-star Spencer Tracy said of him \"Freddie Bartholomew's acting is so fine and so simple and so true that it's way over people's heads.\"
","normalizedtitle":"Freddie Bartholomew"}],"year":1992},{"text":"Northrop Frye, Canadian author and critic (born 1912)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Northrop_Frye","displaytitle":"Northrop Frye","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q354256","titles":{"canonical":"Northrop_Frye","normalized":"Northrop Frye","display":"Northrop Frye"},"pageid":92195,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Northrop_Frye_statue.JPG/330px-Northrop_Frye_statue.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Northrop_Frye_statue.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3456,"height":4608},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371171053","tid":"04ca695f-a01f-11f1-baed-a228bb3f824f","timestamp":"2026-08-25T00:50:51Z","description":"Canadian literary critic (1912–1991)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Frye","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Frye?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Frye?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Northrop_Frye"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Frye","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Northrop_Frye","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop_Frye?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Northrop_Frye"}},"extract":"Herman Northrop Frye was a Canadian literary critic and literary theorist, considered one of the most influential of the 20th century.","extract_html":"Herman Northrop Frye was a Canadian literary critic and literary theorist, considered one of the most influential of the 20th century.
","normalizedtitle":"Northrop Frye"}],"year":1991},{"text":"Allen Collins, American guitarist and songwriter (born 1952)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Allen_Collins","displaytitle":"Allen Collins","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q463185","titles":{"canonical":"Allen_Collins","normalized":"Allen Collins","display":"Allen Collins"},"pageid":1307367,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3c/Allen_Collins.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":268,"height":371},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3c/Allen_Collins.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":268,"height":371},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369361121","tid":"49692f6a-97e9-11f1-8ea5-2d1da16857a6","timestamp":"2026-08-14T14:06:04Z","description":"American guitarist (1952–1990)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Collins","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Collins?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Collins?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Allen_Collins"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Collins","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Allen_Collins","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Collins?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Allen_Collins"}},"extract":"Larkin Allen Collins Jr. was an American guitarist, and one of the founding members of the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. He co-wrote many of the band's songs with frontman and original lead singer Ronnie Van Zant.","extract_html":"Larkin Allen Collins Jr. was an American guitarist, and one of the founding members of the Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. He co-wrote many of the band's songs with frontman and original lead singer Ronnie Van Zant.
","normalizedtitle":"Allen Collins"}],"year":1990},{"text":"Salvador Dalí, Spanish painter and sculptor (born 1904)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Salvador_Dalí","displaytitle":"Salvador Dalí","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5577","titles":{"canonical":"Salvador_Dalí","normalized":"Salvador Dalí","display":"Salvador Dalí"},"pageid":40112,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_1939.jpg/330px-Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_1939.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":424},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_1939.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2885,"height":3706},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369892099","tid":"b47f62a5-9a7e-11f1-a9b2-3081259f4579","timestamp":"2026-08-17T21:00:41Z","description":"Spanish surrealist artist (1904–1989)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Salvador_Dal%C3%AD"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Salvador_Dal%C3%AD"}},"extract":"Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marquess of Dalí de Púbol, known as Salvador Dalí, was a Spanish surrealist artist renowned for his technical skill, precise draftsmanship, and the striking and bizarre images in his work.","extract_html":"Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marquess of Dalí de Púbol, known as Salvador Dalí, was a Spanish surrealist artist renowned for his technical skill, precise draftsmanship, and the striking and bizarre images in his work.
","normalizedtitle":"Salvador Dalí"}],"year":1989},{"text":"Lars-Erik Torph, Swedish race car driver (born 1961)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Lars-Erik_Torph","displaytitle":"Lars-Erik Torph","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3827184","titles":{"canonical":"Lars-Erik_Torph","normalized":"Lars-Erik Torph","display":"Lars-Erik Torph"},"pageid":19368444,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1335888951","tid":"6ccc2c94-fede-11f0-ae20-e228f57bdf0c","timestamp":"2026-01-31T19:52:51Z","description":"Swedish rally driver (1961–1989)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars-Erik_Torph","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars-Erik_Torph?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars-Erik_Torph?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Lars-Erik_Torph"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars-Erik_Torph","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Lars-Erik_Torph","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars-Erik_Torph?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Lars-Erik_Torph"}},"extract":"Lars-Erik Torph was a Swedish rally driver. He debuted in the World Rally Championship in 1980 and took his first points at his home event, the Swedish Rally, in 1984. Driving a Toyota Celica TCT, a Toyota Supra 3.0i and an Audi Coupé Quattro, he went on to finish on the podium four times. After just turning 28, Torph and his co-driver Bertil-Rune Rehnfeldt died while spectating the 1989 Monte Carlo Rally, after Lancia driver Alex Fiorio lost control of his Delta Integrale and crashed into them.","extract_html":"Lars-Erik Torph was a Swedish rally driver. He debuted in the World Rally Championship in 1980 and took his first points at his home event, the Swedish Rally, in 1984. Driving a Toyota Celica TCT, a Toyota Supra 3.0i and an Audi Coupé Quattro, he went on to finish on the podium four times. After just turning 28, Torph and his co-driver Bertil-Rune Rehnfeldt died while spectating the 1989 Monte Carlo Rally, after Lancia driver Alex Fiorio lost control of his Delta Integrale and crashed into them.
","normalizedtitle":"Lars-Erik Torph"}],"year":1989},{"text":"Charles Glen King, American biochemist and academic (born 1896)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Charles_Glen_King","displaytitle":"Charles Glen King","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2959232","titles":{"canonical":"Charles_Glen_King","normalized":"Charles Glen King","display":"Charles Glen King"},"pageid":2345925,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f8/Charles_Glenn_King.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":166,"height":255},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f8/Charles_Glenn_King.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":166,"height":255},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371979635","tid":"9c3f0bd4-a3d3-11f1-8a22-268ee7e58fdc","timestamp":"2026-08-29T18:01:08Z","description":"American biochemist (1896–1988)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Glen_King","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Glen_King?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Glen_King?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Charles_Glen_King"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Glen_King","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Charles_Glen_King","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Glen_King?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Charles_Glen_King"}},"extract":"Charles Glen King was an American biochemist who was a pioneer in the field of nutrition research and who isolated vitamin C at the same time as Albert Szent-Györgyi. A biography of King states that many feel he deserves equal credit with Szent-Györgyi for the discovery of this vitamin.","extract_html":"Charles Glen King was an American biochemist who was a pioneer in the field of nutrition research and who isolated vitamin C at the same time as Albert Szent-Györgyi. A biography of King states that many feel he deserves equal credit with Szent-Györgyi for the discovery of this vitamin.
","normalizedtitle":"Charles Glen King"}],"year":1988},{"text":"Joseph Beuys, German sculptor and painter (born 1921)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Joseph_Beuys","displaytitle":"Joseph Beuys","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q153965","titles":{"canonical":"Joseph_Beuys","normalized":"Joseph Beuys","display":"Joseph Beuys"},"pageid":181651,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Beuys-Feldman-Gallery.jpg/330px-Beuys-Feldman-Gallery.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":485},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Beuys-Feldman-Gallery.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":476,"height":700},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373941513","tid":"273bb503-abcf-11f1-8d8f-d566cf48b3d4","timestamp":"2026-09-08T21:49:23Z","description":"German artist and art theorist (1921–1986)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Beuys","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Beuys?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Beuys?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Joseph_Beuys"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Beuys","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Joseph_Beuys","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Beuys?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Joseph_Beuys"}},"extract":"Joseph Heinrich Beuys was a German artist, teacher, performance artist, and art theorist whose work reflected concepts of humanism and sociology. With Heinrich Böll, Johannes Stüttgen, Caroline Tisdall, Robert McDowell, and Enrico Wolleb, Beuys created the Free International University for Creativity & Interdisciplinary Research (FIU). Through his talks and performances, he also formed The Party for Animals and The Organisation for Direct Democracy. He was a member of a Dadaist art movement Fluxus and singularly inspirational in developing of Performance Art, called Kunst Aktionen, alongside Wiener Aktionismus that Allan Kaprow and Carolee Schneemann termed Art Happenings.","extract_html":"Joseph Heinrich Beuys was a German artist, teacher, performance artist, and art theorist whose work reflected concepts of humanism and sociology. With Heinrich Böll, Johannes Stüttgen, Caroline Tisdall, Robert McDowell, and Enrico Wolleb, Beuys created the Free International University for Creativity & Interdisciplinary Research (FIU). Through his talks and performances, he also formed The Party for Animals and The Organisation for Direct Democracy. He was a member of a Dadaist art movement Fluxus and singularly inspirational in developing of Performance Art, called Kunst Aktionen, alongside Wiener Aktionismus that Allan Kaprow and Carolee Schneemann termed Art Happenings.
","normalizedtitle":"Joseph Beuys"}],"year":1986},{"text":"James Beard, American chef and cookbook author for whom the James Beard Foundation Awards are named (born 1905)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"James_Beard","displaytitle":"James Beard","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1399476","titles":{"canonical":"James_Beard","normalized":"James Beard","display":"James Beard"},"pageid":16442,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/James_Beard.jpg/330px-James_Beard.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":475},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/James_Beard.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1820,"height":2622},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374237899","tid":"bc15eee8-ad48-11f1-80c7-a32a574ad18e","timestamp":"2026-09-10T18:52:13Z","description":"American chef (1903–1985)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beard","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beard?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beard?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Beard"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beard","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/James_Beard","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beard?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Beard"}},"extract":"James Andrews Beard was an American chef, cookbook author, teacher and television personality. He pioneered television cooking shows, taught at The James Beard Cooking School in New York City and Seaside, Oregon, and lectured widely. He emphasized American cooking, prepared with fresh and wholesome American ingredients, to a country just becoming aware of its own culinary heritage. Beard taught and mentored generations of professional chefs and food enthusiasts. He published more than twenty books, and his memory is honored by his foundation's annual James Beard Awards.","extract_html":"James Andrews Beard was an American chef, cookbook author, teacher and television personality. He pioneered television cooking shows, taught at The James Beard Cooking School in New York City and Seaside, Oregon, and lectured widely. He emphasized American cooking, prepared with fresh and wholesome American ingredients, to a country just becoming aware of its own culinary heritage. Beard taught and mentored generations of professional chefs and food enthusiasts. He published more than twenty books, and his memory is honored by his foundation's annual James Beard Awards.
","normalizedtitle":"James Beard"},{"type":"standard","title":"James_Beard_Foundation_Award","displaytitle":"James Beard Foundation Award","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q6129536","titles":{"canonical":"James_Beard_Foundation_Award","normalized":"James Beard Foundation Award","display":"James Beard Foundation Award"},"pageid":11304669,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/James_Beard_Foundation_Award_for_Excellence_medallion.jpg/330px-James_Beard_Foundation_Award_for_Excellence_medallion.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":390},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/James_Beard_Foundation_Award_for_Excellence_medallion.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2142,"height":2532},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1354843113","tid":"6023e714-52cb-11f1-a16c-df8d4a402655","timestamp":"2026-05-18T15:08:07Z","description":"Annual awards for culinary professionals in the US","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beard_Foundation_Award","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beard_Foundation_Award?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beard_Foundation_Award?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Beard_Foundation_Award"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beard_Foundation_Award","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/James_Beard_Foundation_Award","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Beard_Foundation_Award?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Beard_Foundation_Award"}},"extract":"The James Beard Foundation Awards are annual awards presented by the James Beard Foundation to recognize chefs, restaurateurs, food writers, cookbooks, critics and journalists in the United States. The James Beard Foundation Awards have been likened to the Academy Awards of the food world due to its prestige and recognition.","extract_html":"The James Beard Foundation Awards are annual awards presented by the James Beard Foundation to recognize chefs, restaurateurs, food writers, cookbooks, critics and journalists in the United States. The James Beard Foundation Awards have been likened to the Academy Awards of the food world due to its prestige and recognition.
","normalizedtitle":"James Beard Foundation Award"}],"year":1985},{"text":"Muin Bseiso, Palestinian-Egyptian poet and critic (born 1926)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Muin_Bseiso","displaytitle":"Muin Bseiso","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3082042","titles":{"canonical":"Muin_Bseiso","normalized":"Muin Bseiso","display":"Muin Bseiso"},"pageid":15030750,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371375008","tid":"307050cf-a0fe-11f1-9cca-2e864fa23159","timestamp":"2026-08-26T03:28:22Z","description":"Palestinian poet (1926–1984)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muin_Bseiso","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muin_Bseiso?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muin_Bseiso?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Muin_Bseiso"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muin_Bseiso","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Muin_Bseiso","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muin_Bseiso?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Muin_Bseiso"}},"extract":"Mu'in Tawfiq Bseiso was a Palestinian poet and playwright based in Egypt.","extract_html":"Mu'in Tawfiq Bseiso was a Palestinian poet and playwright based in Egypt.
","normalizedtitle":"Muin Bseiso"}],"year":1984},{"text":"Fred Bakewell, English cricketer and coach (born 1908)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Fred_Bakewell","displaytitle":"Fred Bakewell","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3528308","titles":{"canonical":"Fred_Bakewell","normalized":"Fred Bakewell","display":"Fred Bakewell"},"pageid":1663646,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370059771","tid":"e31b3dd4-9b53-11f1-924a-892662629864","timestamp":"2026-08-18T22:26:42Z","description":"English cricketer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Bakewell","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Bakewell?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Bakewell?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fred_Bakewell"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Bakewell","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Fred_Bakewell","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Bakewell?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fred_Bakewell"}},"extract":"Alfred Harry \"Fred\" Bakewell was an English cricketer. Playing for Northamptonshire and England, he was an opening batsman who was renowned as one of the most exciting players of his time, largely owing to his unorthodox methods, which allowed him to play some of the most brilliant innings in county cricket, despite the fact that his county, Northamptonshire, was exceptionally weak throughout his career: he was always the only class batsman in the team in the years before his career was ended by a serious car accident in 1936.","extract_html":"Alfred Harry \"Fred\" Bakewell was an English cricketer. Playing for Northamptonshire and England, he was an opening batsman who was renowned as one of the most exciting players of his time, largely owing to his unorthodox methods, which allowed him to play some of the most brilliant innings in county cricket, despite the fact that his county, Northamptonshire, was exceptionally weak throughout his career: he was always the only class batsman in the team in the years before his career was ended by a serious car accident in 1936.
","normalizedtitle":"Fred Bakewell"}],"year":1983},{"text":"Samuel Barber, American pianist and composer (born 1910)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Samuel_Barber","displaytitle":"Samuel Barber","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q216870","titles":{"canonical":"Samuel_Barber","normalized":"Samuel Barber","display":"Samuel Barber"},"pageid":78910,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Samuel_Barber.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":262,"height":366},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Samuel_Barber.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":262,"height":366},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373299979","tid":"09293703-a8e1-11f1-ad01-90d80d5db941","timestamp":"2026-09-05T04:19:50Z","description":"American composer (1910–1981)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Barber","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Barber?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Barber?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Samuel_Barber"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Barber","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Samuel_Barber","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Barber?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Samuel_Barber"}},"extract":"Samuel Osmond Barber II was an American composer, pianist, conductor, baritone, and music educator, and one of the most celebrated composers of the mid-20th century. Principally influenced by nine years' composition studies with Rosario Scalero at the Curtis Institute and more than 25 years' study with his uncle, the composer Sidney Homer, Barber's music usually eschewed the experimental trends of musical modernism in favor of traditional 19th-century harmonic language and formal structure embracing lyricism and emotional expression. However, he adopted elements of modernism after 1940 in some of his compositions, such as an increased use of dissonance and chromaticism in the Cello Concerto (1945) and Medea's Dance of Vengeance (1955); and the use of tonal ambiguity and a narrow use of serialism in his Piano Sonata (1949), Prayers of Kierkegaard (1954), and Nocturne (1959).","extract_html":"Samuel Osmond Barber II was an American composer, pianist, conductor, baritone, and music educator, and one of the most celebrated composers of the mid-20th century. Principally influenced by nine years' composition studies with Rosario Scalero at the Curtis Institute and more than 25 years' study with his uncle, the composer Sidney Homer, Barber's music usually eschewed the experimental trends of musical modernism in favor of traditional 19th-century harmonic language and formal structure embracing lyricism and emotional expression. However, he adopted elements of modernism after 1940 in some of his compositions, such as an increased use of dissonance and chromaticism in the Cello Concerto (1945) and Medea's Dance of Vengeance (1955); and the use of tonal ambiguity and a narrow use of serialism in his Piano Sonata (1949), Prayers of Kierkegaard (1954), and Nocturne (1959).
","normalizedtitle":"Samuel Barber"}],"year":1981},{"text":"Giovanni Michelotti, Italian engineer (born 1921)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Giovanni_Michelotti","displaytitle":"Giovanni Michelotti","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q606379","titles":{"canonical":"Giovanni_Michelotti","normalized":"Giovanni Michelotti","display":"Giovanni Michelotti"},"pageid":231960,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/1957Fiat600MultiplaMarinella.jpg/330px-1957Fiat600MultiplaMarinella.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/1957Fiat600MultiplaMarinella.jpg/3840px-1957Fiat600MultiplaMarinella.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":3888,"height":2592},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1361873777","tid":"621dbee7-749d-11f1-a7d1-1ae2bea76aaa","timestamp":"2026-06-30T16:04:33Z","description":"Italian designer (1921–1980)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Michelotti","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Michelotti?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Michelotti?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Giovanni_Michelotti"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Michelotti","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Giovanni_Michelotti","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Michelotti?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Giovanni_Michelotti"}},"extract":"Giovanni Michelotti was one of the most prolific designers of sports cars in the 20th century. His notable contributions were for Ferrari, Lancia, Maserati and Triumph marques. He was also associated with truck designs for Leyland Motors, and with designs for British Leyland after the merger of Leyland and BMC.","extract_html":"Giovanni Michelotti was one of the most prolific designers of sports cars in the 20th century. His notable contributions were for Ferrari, Lancia, Maserati and Triumph marques. He was also associated with truck designs for Leyland Motors, and with designs for British Leyland after the merger of Leyland and BMC.
","normalizedtitle":"Giovanni Michelotti"}],"year":1980},{"text":"Terry Kath, American guitarist and songwriter (born 1946)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Terry_Kath","displaytitle":"Terry Kath","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q692632","titles":{"canonical":"Terry_Kath","normalized":"Terry Kath","display":"Terry Kath"},"pageid":700456,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Terry_Kath.png/330px-Terry_Kath.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":349},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Terry_Kath.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":550,"height":581},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1362682368","tid":"a1785153-788b-11f1-9fa3-2439ae7ffd11","timestamp":"2026-07-05T16:07:33Z","description":"American guitarist and singer (1946–1978)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Kath","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Kath?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Kath?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Terry_Kath"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Kath","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Terry_Kath","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Kath?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Terry_Kath"}},"extract":"Terry Alan Kath was an American guitarist and singer who is best known as a founding member of the rock band Chicago. He played lead guitar and sang lead vocals on many of the band's early hit singles alongside Robert Lamm and Peter Cetera. He has been praised by his bandmates and other musicians for his guitar skills and his Ray Charles–influenced vocal style. Jimi Hendrix cited Kath as one of his favorite guitarists and considered him to be \"the best guitarist in the universe.\"","extract_html":"Terry Alan Kath was an American guitarist and singer who is best known as a founding member of the rock band Chicago. He played lead guitar and sang lead vocals on many of the band's early hit singles alongside Robert Lamm and Peter Cetera. He has been praised by his bandmates and other musicians for his guitar skills and his Ray Charles–influenced vocal style. Jimi Hendrix cited Kath as one of his favorite guitarists and considered him to be \"the best guitarist in the universe.\"
","normalizedtitle":"Terry Kath"}],"year":1978},{"text":"Jack Oakie, American actor (born 1903)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Jack_Oakie","displaytitle":"Jack Oakie","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q545846","titles":{"canonical":"Jack_Oakie","normalized":"Jack Oakie","display":"Jack Oakie"},"pageid":1369267,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Jack_Oakie_IMG_2702.jpg/330px-Jack_Oakie_IMG_2702.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":438},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Jack_Oakie_IMG_2702.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":388,"height":515},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1361374108","tid":"5c28a54f-723b-11f1-8351-851694875198","timestamp":"2026-06-27T15:17:50Z","description":"American actor (1903–1978)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Oakie","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Oakie?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Oakie?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jack_Oakie"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Oakie","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jack_Oakie","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Oakie?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jack_Oakie"}},"extract":"Jack Oakie was an American actor, starring mostly in films, but also working on stage, radio and television. He portrayed Napaloni in Chaplin's The Great Dictator (1940), receiving a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.","extract_html":"Jack Oakie was an American actor, starring mostly in films, but also working on stage, radio and television. He portrayed Napaloni in Chaplin's The Great Dictator (1940), receiving a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
","normalizedtitle":"Jack Oakie"}],"year":1978},{"text":"Toots Shor, American businessman, founded Toots Shor's Restaurant (born 1903)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Toots_Shor","displaytitle":"Toots Shor","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q15040587","titles":{"canonical":"Toots_Shor","normalized":"Toots Shor","display":"Toots Shor"},"pageid":1669430,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Hank_Sanicola%2C_Toots_Shor_Frank_Sinatra_1947.jpg/330px-Hank_Sanicola%2C_Toots_Shor_Frank_Sinatra_1947.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":356},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Hank_Sanicola%2C_Toots_Shor_Frank_Sinatra_1947.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":969,"height":1044},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368760803","tid":"e8ee9f63-9515-11f1-9729-9fde7f5d0e42","timestamp":"2026-08-10T23:47:56Z","description":"American restaurateur (1903–1977)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toots_Shor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toots_Shor?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toots_Shor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Toots_Shor"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toots_Shor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Toots_Shor","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toots_Shor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Toots_Shor"}},"extract":"Bernard \"Toots\" Shor was an American bar owner and the proprietor of the saloon and restaurant Toots Shor's Restaurant, in Manhattan. He ran three establishments under that name, the first of which was located at 51 West 51st Street. He was a saloonkeeper, friend, and confidant to some of New York's biggest celebrities during that era.","extract_html":"Bernard \"Toots\" Shor was an American bar owner and the proprietor of the saloon and restaurant Toots Shor's Restaurant, in Manhattan. He ran three establishments under that name, the first of which was located at 51 West 51st Street. He was a saloonkeeper, friend, and confidant to some of New York's biggest celebrities during that era.
","normalizedtitle":"Toots Shor"},{"type":"standard","title":"Toots_Shor's_Restaurant","displaytitle":"Toots Shor's Restaurant","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7824322","titles":{"canonical":"Toots_Shor's_Restaurant","normalized":"Toots Shor's Restaurant","display":"Toots Shor's Restaurant"},"pageid":3518002,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1363671288","tid":"5efbbdcc-7d44-11f1-ba6d-fc470f40cf24","timestamp":"2026-07-11T16:20:03Z","description":"Restaurant in New York, United States","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":40.76083333,"lon":-73.98044444},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toots_Shor's_Restaurant","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toots_Shor's_Restaurant?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toots_Shor's_Restaurant?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Toots_Shor's_Restaurant"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toots_Shor's_Restaurant","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Toots_Shor's_Restaurant","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toots_Shor's_Restaurant?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Toots_Shor's_Restaurant"}},"extract":"Toots Shor's Restaurant was a restaurant and lounge owned and operated by Bernard \"Toots\" Shor at 51 West 51st Street in Manhattan during the 1940s and 1950s. It was known for its oversized circular bar. It was frequented by celebrities, and together with the 21 Club, the Stork Club, Delmonico's and El Morocco was one of the places to see and be seen. Joe DiMaggio often went there to dine, and that helped make it famous. Toots was said to do personal favors for Joe as well, at no cost.","extract_html":"Toots Shor's Restaurant was a restaurant and lounge owned and operated by Bernard \"Toots\" Shor at 51 West 51st Street in Manhattan during the 1940s and 1950s. It was known for its oversized circular bar. It was frequented by celebrities, and together with the 21 Club, the Stork Club, Delmonico's and El Morocco was one of the places to see and be seen. Joe DiMaggio often went there to dine, and that helped make it famous. Toots was said to do personal favors for Joe as well, at no cost.
","normalizedtitle":"Toots Shor's Restaurant"}],"year":1977},{"text":"Paul Robeson, American actor, singer, and activist (born 1898)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Paul_Robeson","displaytitle":"Paul Robeson","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q273233","titles":{"canonical":"Paul_Robeson","normalized":"Paul Robeson","display":"Paul Robeson"},"pageid":23229,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Paul_Robeson_1942_crop.jpg/330px-Paul_Robeson_1942_crop.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":411},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Paul_Robeson_1942_crop.jpg/3840px-Paul_Robeson_1942_crop.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":9300,"height":11591},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374246203","tid":"8fb29f25-ad51-11f1-9412-7a61ca512769","timestamp":"2026-09-10T19:55:24Z","description":"American singer, actor, political activist, and athlete (1898–1976)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Robeson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Robeson?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Robeson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Paul_Robeson"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Robeson","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Paul_Robeson","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Robeson?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Paul_Robeson"}},"extract":"Paul Leroy Robeson was an American bass-baritone concert artist, actor, professional football player, and activist who became famous both for his cultural accomplishments and for his political stances.","extract_html":"Paul Leroy Robeson was an American bass-baritone concert artist, actor, professional football player, and activist who became famous both for his cultural accomplishments and for his political stances.
","normalizedtitle":"Paul Robeson"}],"year":1976},{"text":"Alexander Onassis, American-Greek businessman (born 1948)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Alexander_Onassis","displaytitle":"Alexander Onassis","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q331187","titles":{"canonical":"Alexander_Onassis","normalized":"Alexander Onassis","display":"Alexander Onassis"},"pageid":8564570,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ad/AlexanderOnassis.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":272,"height":367},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ad/AlexanderOnassis.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":272,"height":367},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366754045","tid":"accf4bc7-8baf-11f1-8e81-c472f4cac209","timestamp":"2026-07-30T00:43:26Z","description":"Greek businessman and heir (1948–1973)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Onassis","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Onassis?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Onassis?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alexander_Onassis"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Onassis","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Alexander_Onassis","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Onassis?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alexander_Onassis"}},"extract":"Alexander Socrates Onassis was an American-born Greek businessman. He was the son of the Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis and his first wife Tina Livanos. He and his sister Christina Onassis were upset by his father's marriage to Jacqueline Kennedy, and he was credited with attempting to improve the relationship between his father and his brother-in-law and business rival Stavros Niarchos, who in 1971 married Alexander's mother after her divorce from Aristotle Onassis.","extract_html":"Alexander Socrates Onassis was an American-born Greek businessman. He was the son of the Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis and his first wife Tina Livanos. He and his sister Christina Onassis were upset by his father's marriage to Jacqueline Kennedy, and he was credited with attempting to improve the relationship between his father and his brother-in-law and business rival Stavros Niarchos, who in 1971 married Alexander's mother after her divorce from Aristotle Onassis.
","normalizedtitle":"Alexander Onassis"}],"year":1973},{"text":"Kid Ory, American trombonist, composer, and bandleader (born 1886)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Kid_Ory","displaytitle":"Kid Ory","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q441399","titles":{"canonical":"Kid_Ory","normalized":"Kid Ory","display":"Kid Ory"},"pageid":97641,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kidory.png/330px-Kidory.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":416},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Kidory.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":371,"height":468},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364931413","tid":"802065f9-835d-11f1-a048-5365fbc2060b","timestamp":"2026-07-19T10:35:03Z","description":"American jazz trombonist (1886–1973)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Ory","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Ory?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Ory?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kid_Ory"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Ory","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Kid_Ory","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Ory?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kid_Ory"}},"extract":"Edward \"Kid\" Ory was an American jazz composer, trombonist, and bandleader. One of the early users of the glissando technique, he helped establish it as a central element of New Orleans jazz.","extract_html":"Edward \"Kid\" Ory was an American jazz composer, trombonist, and bandleader. One of the early users of the glissando technique, he helped establish it as a central element of New Orleans jazz.
","normalizedtitle":"Kid Ory"}],"year":1973},{"text":"Fritz Feigl, Austrian-Brazilian chemist and academic (born 1871)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Fritz_Feigl","displaytitle":"Fritz Feigl","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q214308","titles":{"canonical":"Fritz_Feigl","normalized":"Fritz Feigl","display":"Fritz Feigl"},"pageid":5599645,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Fritz_Feigl.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":180,"height":250},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Fritz_Feigl.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":180,"height":250},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371996413","tid":"6f91f0d7-a3e1-11f1-86f4-ec7df400ba47","timestamp":"2026-08-29T19:40:06Z","description":"Austrian chemist (1891–1971)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Feigl","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Feigl?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Feigl?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fritz_Feigl"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Feigl","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Fritz_Feigl","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Feigl?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fritz_Feigl"}},"extract":"Fritz Feigl was a Jewish Austrian-born chemist. He taught at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.","extract_html":"Fritz Feigl was a Jewish Austrian-born chemist. He taught at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.
","normalizedtitle":"Fritz Feigl"}],"year":1971},{"text":"T. M. Sabaratnam, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (born 1895)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"T._M._Sabaratnam","displaytitle":"T. M. Sabaratnam","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q619244","titles":{"canonical":"T._M._Sabaratnam","normalized":"T. M. Sabaratnam","display":"T. M. Sabaratnam"},"pageid":31210467,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1350435273","tid":"7bd4c3ae-3dd7-11f1-9f6f-5884c87ff116","timestamp":"2026-04-21T23:11:53Z","description":"Ceylon Tamil lawyer and politician","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._M._Sabaratnam","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._M._Sabaratnam?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._M._Sabaratnam?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:T._M._Sabaratnam"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._M._Sabaratnam","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/T._M._Sabaratnam","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._M._Sabaratnam?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:T._M._Sabaratnam"}},"extract":"Thambaiyah Mudaliyar Sabaratnam was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer, politician and member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon.","extract_html":"Thambaiyah Mudaliyar Sabaratnam was a Ceylon Tamil lawyer, politician and member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon.
","normalizedtitle":"T. M. Sabaratnam"}],"year":1966},{"text":"Józef Gosławski, Polish sculptor (born 1908)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Józef_Gosławski_(sculptor)","displaytitle":"Józef Gosławski (sculptor)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q26737","titles":{"canonical":"Józef_Gosławski_(sculptor)","normalized":"Józef Gosławski (sculptor)","display":"Józef Gosławski (sculptor)"},"pageid":10998527,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/POL_Jozef_Goslawski_1960.jpg/330px-POL_Jozef_Goslawski_1960.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/POL_Jozef_Goslawski_1960.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":716,"height":477},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1343233290","tid":"32fc26be-1e87-11f1-bcad-bd08348c8125","timestamp":"2026-03-13T02:49:05Z","description":"Polish sculptor and medallic artist","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Gos%C5%82awski_(sculptor)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Gos%C5%82awski_(sculptor)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Gos%C5%82awski_(sculptor)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:J%C3%B3zef_Gos%C5%82awski_(sculptor)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Gos%C5%82awski_(sculptor)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/J%C3%B3zef_Gos%C5%82awski_(sculptor)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Gos%C5%82awski_(sculptor)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:J%C3%B3zef_Gos%C5%82awski_(sculptor)"}},"extract":"Józef Jan Gosławski was a Polish sculptor and medallic artist. He was a designer of coins, monuments and medals. Laureate of many artistic competitions; decorated with the Silver Cross of Merit.","extract_html":"Józef Jan Gosławski was a Polish sculptor and medallic artist. He was a designer of coins, monuments and medals. Laureate of many artistic competitions; decorated with the Silver Cross of Merit.
","normalizedtitle":"Józef Gosławski (sculptor)"}],"year":1963},{"text":"Alexander Korda, Hungarian-English director and producer (born 1893)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Alexander_Korda","displaytitle":"Alexander Korda","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q55221","titles":{"canonical":"Alexander_Korda","normalized":"Alexander Korda","display":"Alexander Korda"},"pageid":167967,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Alexander-Korda-1936.jpg/330px-Alexander-Korda-1936.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":555},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Alexander-Korda-1936.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":690,"height":1160},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370501773","tid":"d96926cd-9d65-11f1-9c3d-de7f27ef9588","timestamp":"2026-08-21T13:40:19Z","description":"British film director (1893–1956)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Korda","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Korda?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Korda?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alexander_Korda"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Korda","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Alexander_Korda","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Korda?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alexander_Korda"}},"extract":"Sir Alexander Korda was a Hungarian-born British film director, producer, and screenwriter, who founded his own film production studios and film distribution company.","extract_html":"Sir Alexander Korda was a Hungarian-born British film director, producer, and screenwriter, who founded his own film production studios and film distribution company.
","normalizedtitle":"Alexander Korda"}],"year":1956},{"text":"Pierre Bonnard, French painter (born 1867)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Pierre_Bonnard","displaytitle":"Pierre Bonnard","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q26408","titles":{"canonical":"Pierre_Bonnard","normalized":"Pierre Bonnard","display":"Pierre Bonnard"},"pageid":362530,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/T%C3%AAte_de_Bonnard_%28Portrait_photograph_of_Pierre_Bonnard%29%2C_c.1899%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay%2C_restaur%C3%A9e.jpg/330px-T%C3%AAte_de_Bonnard_%28Portrait_photograph_of_Pierre_Bonnard%29%2C_c.1899%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay%2C_restaur%C3%A9e.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":408},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/T%C3%AAte_de_Bonnard_%28Portrait_photograph_of_Pierre_Bonnard%29%2C_c.1899%2C_Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay%2C_restaur%C3%A9e.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":526,"height":650},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368294155","tid":"b6af2926-92ee-11f1-94b4-4d3d4ecd839b","timestamp":"2026-08-08T06:02:19Z","description":"French painter and printmaker (1867–1947)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pierre_Bonnard"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Pierre_Bonnard","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bonnard?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pierre_Bonnard"}},"extract":"Pierre Bonnard was a French painter, illustrator and printmaker, known especially for the stylized decorative qualities of his paintings and his bold use of color. A founding member of the Post-Impressionist group of avant-garde painters Les Nabis, his early work was strongly influenced by the work of Paul Gauguin, as well as the prints of Hokusai and other Japanese artists. Bonnard was a leading figure in the transition from Impressionism to Modernism. He painted landscapes, urban scenes, portraits and intimate domestic scenes, where the backgrounds, colors and painting style usually took precedence over the subject.","extract_html":"Pierre Bonnard was a French painter, illustrator and printmaker, known especially for the stylized decorative qualities of his paintings and his bold use of color. A founding member of the Post-Impressionist group of avant-garde painters Les Nabis, his early work was strongly influenced by the work of Paul Gauguin, as well as the prints of Hokusai and other Japanese artists. Bonnard was a leading figure in the transition from Impressionism to Modernism. He painted landscapes, urban scenes, portraits and intimate domestic scenes, where the backgrounds, colors and painting style usually took precedence over the subject.
","normalizedtitle":"Pierre Bonnard"}],"year":1947},{"text":"Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter and illustrator (born 1863)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Edvard_Munch","displaytitle":"Edvard Munch","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q41406","titles":{"canonical":"Edvard_Munch","normalized":"Edvard Munch","display":"Edvard Munch"},"pageid":9779,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Portrait_of_Edvard_Munch_%28cropped%29.png/330px-Portrait_of_Edvard_Munch_%28cropped%29.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":454},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Portrait_of_Edvard_Munch_%28cropped%29.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":589,"height":810},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372195435","tid":"fb278434-a4b2-11f1-a172-9b32d96e6dd0","timestamp":"2026-08-30T20:40:05Z","description":"Norwegian painter (1863–1944)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Munch","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Munch?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Munch?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Edvard_Munch"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Munch","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Edvard_Munch","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Munch?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Edvard_Munch"}},"extract":"Edvard Munch was a Norwegian painter. His 1893 work The Scream has become one of the most iconic and acclaimed images in all of Western art.","extract_html":"Edvard Munch was a Norwegian painter. His 1893 work The Scream has become one of the most iconic and acclaimed images in all of Western art.
","normalizedtitle":"Edvard Munch"}],"year":1944},{"text":"Alexander Woollcott, American actor, playwright, and critic (born 1887)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Alexander_Woollcott","displaytitle":"Alexander Woollcott","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q361859","titles":{"canonical":"Alexander_Woollcott","normalized":"Alexander Woollcott","display":"Alexander Woollcott"},"pageid":512947,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Alexander_Woollcott_%281939%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":289,"height":420},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Alexander_Woollcott_%281939%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":289,"height":420},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372845849","tid":"87b88697-a6e3-11f1-8722-a1a736b57137","timestamp":"2026-09-02T15:32:39Z","description":"American drama critic and commentator (1887–1943)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Woollcott","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Woollcott?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Woollcott?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alexander_Woollcott"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Woollcott","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Alexander_Woollcott","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Woollcott?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Alexander_Woollcott"}},"extract":"Alexander Humphreys Woollcott was an American drama critic for The New York Times and The New York Herald, critic and commentator for The New Yorker magazine, a member of the Algonquin Round Table, an occasional actor and playwright, and a prominent radio personality.","extract_html":"Alexander Humphreys Woollcott was an American drama critic for The New York Times and The New York Herald, critic and commentator for The New Yorker magazine, a member of the Algonquin Round Table, an occasional actor and playwright, and a prominent radio personality.
","normalizedtitle":"Alexander Woollcott"}],"year":1943},{"text":"Matthias Sindelar, Austrian footballer and manager (born 1903)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Matthias_Sindelar","displaytitle":"Matthias Sindelar","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q312865","titles":{"canonical":"Matthias_Sindelar","normalized":"Matthias Sindelar","display":"Matthias Sindelar"},"pageid":2663194,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Sindelar-aut.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":261,"height":400},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Sindelar-aut.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":261,"height":400},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366042795","tid":"ca82798a-887e-11f1-8bec-87113ad58aed","timestamp":"2026-07-25T23:15:57Z","description":"Austrian footballer (1903–1939)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Sindelar","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Sindelar?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Sindelar?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Matthias_Sindelar"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Sindelar","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Matthias_Sindelar","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthias_Sindelar?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Matthias_Sindelar"}},"extract":"Matthias Sindelar was an Austrian professional footballer. Regarded as one of the greatest Austrian players of all time, Sindelar notably played for Austria Vienna and the national side.","extract_html":"Matthias Sindelar was an Austrian professional footballer. Regarded as one of the greatest Austrian players of all time, Sindelar notably played for Austria Vienna and the national side.
","normalizedtitle":"Matthias Sindelar"}],"year":1939},{"text":"Orso Mario Corbino, Italian physicist and politician (born 1876)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Orso_Mario_Corbino","displaytitle":"Orso Mario Corbino","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q511418","titles":{"canonical":"Orso_Mario_Corbino","normalized":"Orso Mario Corbino","display":"Orso Mario Corbino"},"pageid":3075873,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Orso_Mario_Corbino.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":200,"height":320},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Orso_Mario_Corbino.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":200,"height":320},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373186018","tid":"6c7485cf-a863-11f1-a40e-53b54ed7477f","timestamp":"2026-09-04T13:20:40Z","description":"Italian physicist and politician (1876–1937)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orso_Mario_Corbino","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orso_Mario_Corbino?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orso_Mario_Corbino?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Orso_Mario_Corbino"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orso_Mario_Corbino","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Orso_Mario_Corbino","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orso_Mario_Corbino?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Orso_Mario_Corbino"}},"extract":"Orso Mario Corbino was an Italian physicist and politician. He is noted for his studies of the influence of external magnetic fields on the motion of electrons in metals and he discovered the Corbino effect. He served as Minister for education in 1921–1922 and as Minister for National Economy in 1923–1924. He also served as professor of the University of Messina (1905) and of the University of Rome (1908). He was also the supervisor of the Via Panisperna boys.","extract_html":"Orso Mario Corbino was an Italian physicist and politician. He is noted for his studies of the influence of external magnetic fields on the motion of electrons in metals and he discovered the Corbino effect. He served as Minister for education in 1921–1922 and as Minister for National Economy in 1923–1924. He also served as professor of the University of Messina (1905) and of the University of Rome (1908). He was also the supervisor of the Via Panisperna boys.
","normalizedtitle":"Orso Mario Corbino"}],"year":1937},{"text":"Anna Pavlova, Russian-English ballerina (born 1881)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Anna_Pavlova","displaytitle":"Anna Pavlova","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q151874","titles":{"canonical":"Anna_Pavlova","normalized":"Anna Pavlova","display":"Anna Pavlova"},"pageid":63157,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg/330px-Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":457},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Anna_Pavlova_as_the_Dying_Swan.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3699,"height":5124},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374218662","tid":"574f998b-ad32-11f1-a6a9-7f55842bb033","timestamp":"2026-09-10T16:11:55Z","description":"Russian ballet dancer (1881–1931)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Pavlova","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Pavlova?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Pavlova?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Anna_Pavlova"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Pavlova","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Anna_Pavlova","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Pavlova?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Anna_Pavlova"}},"extract":"Anna Pavlovna Pavlova was a Russian prima ballerina. She was a principal artist of the Imperial Russian Ballet and the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev, but is most recognized for creating the role of The Dying Swan and, with her own company, being the first ballerina to tour the world, including South America, India, Mexico and Australia.","extract_html":"Anna Pavlovna Pavlova was a Russian prima ballerina. She was a principal artist of the Imperial Russian Ballet and the Ballets Russes of Sergei Diaghilev, but is most recognized for creating the role of The Dying Swan and, with her own company, being the first ballerina to tour the world, including South America, India, Mexico and Australia.
","normalizedtitle":"Anna Pavlova"}],"year":1931},{"text":"Max Nordau, Austrian physician and author (born 1849)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Max_Nordau","displaytitle":"Max Nordau","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q472270","titles":{"canonical":"Max_Nordau","normalized":"Max Nordau","display":"Max Nordau"},"pageid":178972,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Portrait_of_Max_Nordau.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Max_Nordau.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":478},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/Portrait_of_Max_Nordau.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1099,"height":1593},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364531055","tid":"519d623f-8188-11f1-89f6-049687ae2a9d","timestamp":"2026-07-17T02:36:31Z","description":"Zionist leader, physician, author, and social critic (1849–1923)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Nordau","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Nordau?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Nordau?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Max_Nordau"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Nordau","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Max_Nordau","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Nordau?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Max_Nordau"}},"extract":"Max Simon Nordau was a Jewish Zionist leader, physician, author, and social critic. He was a co-founder of the Zionist Organization together with Theodor Herzl, and president or vice-president of several Zionist congresses.","extract_html":"Max Simon Nordau was a Jewish Zionist leader, physician, author, and social critic. He was a co-founder of the Zionist Organization together with Theodor Herzl, and president or vice-president of several Zionist congresses.
","normalizedtitle":"Max Nordau"}],"year":1923},{"text":"René Beeh, Alsatian painter and draughtsman (born 1886)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"René_Beeh","displaytitle":"René Beeh","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q25711728","titles":{"canonical":"René_Beeh","normalized":"René Beeh","display":"René Beeh"},"pageid":53317873,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Ren%C3%A9_Beeh%2C_Portrait_de_l%27artiste_en_turban.jpg/330px-Ren%C3%A9_Beeh%2C_Portrait_de_l%27artiste_en_turban.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":478},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Ren%C3%A9_Beeh%2C_Portrait_de_l%27artiste_en_turban.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":690,"height":1000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365235906","tid":"b7098f16-84b5-11f1-90f4-d8ce4125cc81","timestamp":"2026-07-21T03:39:02Z","description":"German painter (1886–1922)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Beeh","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Beeh?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Beeh?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ren%C3%A9_Beeh"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Beeh","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ren%C3%A9_Beeh","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Beeh?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ren%C3%A9_Beeh"}},"extract":"René Beeh was a German draughtsman and painter from Alsace. He was held in high esteem by his contemporaries and called \"the coming genius\" by art historian Wilhelm Hausenstein, but with his having died prematurely, he has been mostly forgotten.","extract_html":"René Beeh was a German draughtsman and painter from Alsace. He was held in high esteem by his contemporaries and called \"the coming genius\" by art historian Wilhelm Hausenstein, but with his having died prematurely, he has been mostly forgotten.
","normalizedtitle":"René Beeh"}],"year":1922},{"text":"Arthur Nikisch, Hungarian conductor and academic (born 1855)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Arthur_Nikisch","displaytitle":"Arthur Nikisch","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q57210","titles":{"canonical":"Arthur_Nikisch","normalized":"Arthur Nikisch","display":"Arthur Nikisch"},"pageid":1673623,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Portrait_of_Arthur_Nikisch.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Arthur_Nikisch.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":504},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Portrait_of_Arthur_Nikisch.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":468,"height":715},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1357462182","tid":"7da6a36c-5ec0-11f1-a181-d6cba2431595","timestamp":"2026-06-02T20:20:26Z","description":"Hungarian conductor (1855–1922)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Nikisch","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Nikisch?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Nikisch?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arthur_Nikisch"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Nikisch","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Arthur_Nikisch","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Nikisch?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arthur_Nikisch"}},"extract":"Arthur Nikisch was a Hungarian conductor who performed internationally, holding posts in Boston, London, Leipzig and—most importantly—Berlin. He was considered an outstanding interpreter of the music of Bruckner, Tchaikovsky, Beethoven and Liszt. Johannes Brahms praised Nikisch's performance of his Fourth Symphony as \"quite exemplary, it's impossible to hear it any better.\"","extract_html":"Arthur Nikisch was a Hungarian conductor who performed internationally, holding posts in Boston, London, Leipzig and—most importantly—Berlin. He was considered an outstanding interpreter of the music of Bruckner, Tchaikovsky, Beethoven and Liszt. Johannes Brahms praised Nikisch's performance of his Fourth Symphony as \"quite exemplary, it's impossible to hear it any better.\"
","normalizedtitle":"Arthur Nikisch"}],"year":1922},{"text":"Mykola Leontovych, Ukrainian composer and conductor (born 1877)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Mykola_Leontovych","displaytitle":"Mykola Leontovych","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q467914","titles":{"canonical":"Mykola_Leontovych","normalized":"Mykola Leontovych","display":"Mykola Leontovych"},"pageid":1627866,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Mykola_Dmytrovych_Leontovych.png/330px-Mykola_Dmytrovych_Leontovych.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":432},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Mykola_Dmytrovych_Leontovych.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":670,"height":878},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368443789","tid":"0ba6790f-9397-11f1-ad34-3185c7d3b7ee","timestamp":"2026-08-09T02:07:17Z","description":"Ukrainian composer, conductor, ethnomusicologist and teacher (1877–1921)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykola_Leontovych","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykola_Leontovych?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykola_Leontovych?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mykola_Leontovych"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykola_Leontovych","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Mykola_Leontovych","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykola_Leontovych?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mykola_Leontovych"}},"extract":"Mykola Dmytrovych Leontovych was a Ukrainian composer, conductor, ethnomusicologist, and teacher. His music was inspired by the Ukrainian composer Mykola Lysenko and the Ukrainian National Music School. Leontovych specialised in a cappella choral music, ranging from original compositions to church music to elaborate arrangements of folk music.","extract_html":"Mykola Dmytrovych Leontovych was a Ukrainian composer, conductor, ethnomusicologist, and teacher. His music was inspired by the Ukrainian composer Mykola Lysenko and the Ukrainian National Music School. Leontovych specialised in a cappella choral music, ranging from original compositions to church music to elaborate arrangements of folk music.
","normalizedtitle":"Mykola Leontovych"}],"year":1921},{"text":"Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II, American lawyer and politician, 16th United States Secretary of the Interior (born 1825)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar","displaytitle":"Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1549250","titles":{"canonical":"Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar","normalized":"Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar","display":"Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar"},"pageid":170309,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar_II_-_Brady-Handy.jpg/330px-Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar_II_-_Brady-Handy.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":407},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar_II_-_Brady-Handy.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3136,"height":3864},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367900962","tid":"143c4e9b-9116-11f1-a980-6ddfbe172ad3","timestamp":"2026-08-05T21:39:04Z","description":"US Supreme Court justice from 1888 to 1893","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Lucius_Quintus_Cincinnatus_Lamar"}},"extract":"Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II was an American politician, diplomat, and jurist and former Confederate soldier and official. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented Mississippi in both houses of Congress, served as the U.S. Secretary of the Interior under President Grover Cleveland, and was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.","extract_html":"Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II was an American politician, diplomat, and jurist and former Confederate soldier and official. A member of the Democratic Party, he represented Mississippi in both houses of Congress, served as the U.S. Secretary of the Interior under President Grover Cleveland, and was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
","normalizedtitle":"Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar"},{"type":"standard","title":"United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior","displaytitle":"United States Secretary of the Interior","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2287650","titles":{"canonical":"United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior","normalized":"United States Secretary of the Interior","display":"United States Secretary of the Interior"},"pageid":44004,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg/330px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":329},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg/330px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Department_of_the_Interior.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":252,"height":251},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373816896","tid":"6b2bae7d-ab30-11f1-8930-8bd6fcc2672f","timestamp":"2026-09-08T02:53:07Z","description":"Head of the United States Department of the Interior","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior"}},"extract":"The United States secretary of the interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior. The secretary and the Department of the Interior are responsible for the management and conservation of most federal land along with natural resources, leading such agencies as the Bureau of Land Management, the United States Geological Survey, the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the National Park Service. The secretary also serves on and appoints the private citizens on the National Park Foundation Board. The secretary is a member of the United States Cabinet and reports to the president of the United States. The function of the U.S. Department of the Interior is different from that of the interior minister designated in many other countries.","extract_html":"The United States secretary of the interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior. The secretary and the Department of the Interior are responsible for the management and conservation of most federal land along with natural resources, leading such agencies as the Bureau of Land Management, the United States Geological Survey, the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the National Park Service. The secretary also serves on and appoints the private citizens on the National Park Foundation Board. The secretary is a member of the United States Cabinet and reports to the president of the United States. The function of the U.S. Department of the Interior is different from that of the interior minister designated in many other countries.
","normalizedtitle":"United States Secretary of the Interior"}],"year":1893},{"text":"William Price, Welsh physician, Chartist, and neo-Druid (born 1800)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"William_Price_(physician)","displaytitle":"William Price (physician)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q8017083","titles":{"canonical":"William_Price_(physician)","normalized":"William Price (physician)","display":"William Price (physician)"},"pageid":859103,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Portrait_of_Dr._William_Price_%284671827%29.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Dr._William_Price_%284671827%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":530},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Portrait_of_Dr._William_Price_%284671827%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":768,"height":1234},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368390231","tid":"f401cd9e-9363-11f1-88d9-74904d170d66","timestamp":"2026-08-08T20:01:33Z","description":"Welsh physician and political activist (1800–1893)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Price_(physician)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Price_(physician)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Price_(physician)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:William_Price_(physician)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Price_(physician)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/William_Price_(physician)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Price_(physician)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:William_Price_(physician)"}},"extract":"William Price was a Welsh physician and political activist best known for his support of Welsh nationalism, Chartism and involvement with the Neo-Druidic religious movement. Historians have characterised Price as one of the most significant figures in Wales during the Victorian era.","extract_html":"William Price was a Welsh physician and political activist best known for his support of Welsh nationalism, Chartism and involvement with the Neo-Druidic religious movement. Historians have characterised Price as one of the most significant figures in Wales during the Victorian era.
","normalizedtitle":"William Price (physician)"}],"year":1893},{"text":"José Zorrilla, Spanish poet and playwright (born 1817)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"José_Zorrilla","displaytitle":"José Zorrilla","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q331863","titles":{"canonical":"José_Zorrilla","normalized":"José Zorrilla","display":"José Zorrilla"},"pageid":58869,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jose_zorrilla.jpg/330px-Jose_zorrilla.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":469},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Jose_zorrilla.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":443,"height":630},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373231880","tid":"a9f106c0-a893-11f1-9035-5c83a29a62c1","timestamp":"2026-09-04T19:05:59Z","description":"Spanish poet, writer, playwright (1817–1893)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla"}},"extract":"José Zorrilla y Moral was a Spanish poet and dramatist, who became National Laureate.","extract_html":"José Zorrilla y Moral was a Spanish poet and dramatist, who became National Laureate.
","normalizedtitle":"José Zorrilla"}],"year":1893},{"text":"Gustave Doré, French engraver and illustrator (born 1832)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Gustave_Doré","displaytitle":"Gustave Doré","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q6682","titles":{"canonical":"Gustave_Doré","normalized":"Gustave Doré","display":"Gustave Doré"},"pageid":266334,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Photograph_of_Gustave_Dor%C3%A9_by_Nadar%2C_between_1856_and_1858.jpg/330px-Photograph_of_Gustave_Dor%C3%A9_by_Nadar%2C_between_1856_and_1858.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":415},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Photograph_of_Gustave_Dor%C3%A9_by_Nadar%2C_between_1856_and_1858.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2385,"height":3000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373893702","tid":"a15344cd-ab9d-11f1-868b-a27f57061e1d","timestamp":"2026-09-08T15:54:53Z","description":"French illustrator and painter (1832–1883)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gustave_Dor%C3%A9"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gustave_Dor%C3%A9"}},"extract":"Paul Gustave Louis Christophe Doré was a French artist. He is best known for his prolific output of wood-engravings illustrating classic literature, especially those for the Vulgate Bible and Dante's Divine Comedy. These achieved great international success, and he became renowned for printmaking, although his role was normally as the designer only; at the height of his career some 40 block-cutters were employed to cut his drawings onto the wooden printing blocks, usually also signing the image.","extract_html":"Paul Gustave Louis Christophe Doré was a French artist. He is best known for his prolific output of wood-engravings illustrating classic literature, especially those for the Vulgate Bible and Dante's Divine Comedy. These achieved great international success, and he became renowned for printmaking, although his role was normally as the designer only; at the height of his career some 40 block-cutters were employed to cut his drawings onto the wooden printing blocks, usually also signing the image.
","normalizedtitle":"Gustave Doré"}],"year":1883},{"text":"Charles Kingsley, English priest and author (born 1819)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Charles_Kingsley","displaytitle":"Charles Kingsley","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q353238","titles":{"canonical":"Charles_Kingsley","normalized":"Charles Kingsley","display":"Charles Kingsley"},"pageid":96810,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Charles_Kingsley._Photograph_by_Charles_Watkins._Wellcome_V0026646.jpg/330px-Charles_Kingsley._Photograph_by_Charles_Watkins._Wellcome_V0026646.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":422},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Charles_Kingsley._Photograph_by_Charles_Watkins._Wellcome_V0026646.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2338,"height":2987},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372613490","tid":"bd3c710c-a608-11f1-abbf-6ac99daf476e","timestamp":"2026-09-01T13:26:29Z","description":"English clergyman, historian and novelist (1819–1875)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Kingsley","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Kingsley?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Kingsley?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Charles_Kingsley"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Kingsley","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Charles_Kingsley","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Kingsley?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Charles_Kingsley"}},"extract":"Charles Kingsley was an English clergyman, social reformer, historian, novelist and poet. A broad church priest of the Church of England, he is particularly associated with Christian socialism, Anti-Catholicism, the working men's college, and forming labour cooperatives, which failed, but encouraged later working reforms. He is known for his novels Yeast (1848), Alton Locke (1850), Hypatia (1853), Westward Ho! (1855), The Water-Babies (1863), and Hereward the Wake (1866).","extract_html":"Charles Kingsley was an English clergyman, social reformer, historian, novelist and poet. A broad church priest of the Church of England, he is particularly associated with Christian socialism, Anti-Catholicism, the working men's college, and forming labour cooperatives, which failed, but encouraged later working reforms. He is known for his novels Yeast (1848), Alton Locke (1850), Hypatia (1853), Westward Ho! (1855), The Water-Babies (1863), and Hereward the Wake (1866).
","normalizedtitle":"Charles Kingsley"}],"year":1875},{"text":"Thomas Love Peacock, English author and poet (born 1785)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Thomas_Love_Peacock","displaytitle":"Thomas Love Peacock","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q561408","titles":{"canonical":"Thomas_Love_Peacock","normalized":"Thomas Love Peacock","display":"Thomas Love Peacock"},"pageid":164500,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Thomas_Love_Peacock_by_Henry_Wallis.jpg/330px-Thomas_Love_Peacock_by_Henry_Wallis.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":388},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Thomas_Love_Peacock_by_Henry_Wallis.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2400,"height":2821},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372613713","tid":"e957f296-a608-11f1-8ff3-d0d2c151cb88","timestamp":"2026-09-01T13:27:43Z","description":"English novelist and poet (1785-1866)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Love_Peacock","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Love_Peacock?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Love_Peacock?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Thomas_Love_Peacock"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Love_Peacock","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Thomas_Love_Peacock","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Love_Peacock?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Thomas_Love_Peacock"}},"extract":"Thomas Love Peacock was an English novelist, poet, and official of the East India Company. He was a close friend of Percy Bysshe Shelley, and they influenced each other's work. Peacock wrote satirical novels, each with the same basic setting: characters at a table discussing and criticising the philosophical opinions of the day.","extract_html":"Thomas Love Peacock was an English novelist, poet, and official of the East India Company. He was a close friend of Percy Bysshe Shelley, and they influenced each other's work. Peacock wrote satirical novels, each with the same basic setting: characters at a table discussing and criticising the philosophical opinions of the day.
","normalizedtitle":"Thomas Love Peacock"}],"year":1866},{"text":"John Field, Irish pianist and composer (born 1782)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"John_Field_(composer)","displaytitle":"John Field (composer)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q209684","titles":{"canonical":"John_Field_(composer)","normalized":"John Field (composer)","display":"John Field (composer)"},"pageid":229134,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/John_Field_-_restoration1.jpg/330px-John_Field_-_restoration1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":403},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/John_Field_-_restoration1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1800,"height":2200},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370777095","tid":"8e4d3024-9e93-11f1-aab1-1a5856c19926","timestamp":"2026-08-23T01:40:01Z","description":"Irish composer (1782–1837)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Field_(composer)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Field_(composer)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Field_(composer)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Field_(composer)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Field_(composer)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/John_Field_(composer)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Field_(composer)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Field_(composer)"}},"extract":"John Field was an Irish pianist and composer. He is widely credited as the inventor of the nocturne. While many of his contemporaries wrote in a similar style, Field was the first to use the term to apply to a character piece featuring a cantabile melody over an arpeggiated accompaniment.","extract_html":"John Field was an Irish pianist and composer. He is widely credited as the inventor of the nocturne. While many of his contemporaries wrote in a similar style, Field was the first to use the term to apply to a character piece featuring a cantabile melody over an arpeggiated accompaniment.
","normalizedtitle":"John Field (composer)"}],"year":1837},{"text":"Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, English admiral and politician (born 1757)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Edward_Pellew,_1st_Viscount_Exmouth","displaytitle":"Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q335338","titles":{"canonical":"Edward_Pellew,_1st_Viscount_Exmouth","normalized":"Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth","display":"Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth"},"pageid":827330,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Edward_Pellew%2C_1st_Viscount_Exmouth_by_James_Northcote.jpg/330px-Edward_Pellew%2C_1st_Viscount_Exmouth_by_James_Northcote.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":416},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Edward_Pellew%2C_1st_Viscount_Exmouth_by_James_Northcote.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2400,"height":3028},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371959399","tid":"4b271cdd-a3c3-11f1-b6ce-565481d624c6","timestamp":"2026-08-29T16:04:20Z","description":"Royal Navy officer and politician (1757–1833)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Pellew%2C_1st_Viscount_Exmouth","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Pellew%2C_1st_Viscount_Exmouth?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Pellew%2C_1st_Viscount_Exmouth?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Edward_Pellew%2C_1st_Viscount_Exmouth"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Pellew%2C_1st_Viscount_Exmouth","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Edward_Pellew%2C_1st_Viscount_Exmouth","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Pellew%2C_1st_Viscount_Exmouth?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Edward_Pellew%2C_1st_Viscount_Exmouth"}},"extract":"Admiral of the Red Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, GCB was a Royal Navy officer and politician. He fought during the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. His younger brother Israel Pellew also pursued a naval career.","extract_html":"Admiral of the Red Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, GCB was a Royal Navy officer and politician. He fought during the American War of Independence, the French Revolutionary Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars. His younger brother Israel Pellew also pursued a naval career.
","normalizedtitle":"Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth"}],"year":1833},{"text":"Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (born 1767)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn","displaytitle":"Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q157009","titles":{"canonical":"Prince_Edward,_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn","normalized":"Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn","display":"Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn"},"pageid":198232,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Edward%2C_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn_by_Sir_William_Beechey.jpg/330px-Edward%2C_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn_by_Sir_William_Beechey.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":401},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Edward%2C_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn_by_Sir_William_Beechey.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2400,"height":2916},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369372005","tid":"635d3ec9-97f6-11f1-9a65-04cb3b965b71","timestamp":"2026-08-14T15:39:51Z","description":"British prince (1767–1820)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward%2C_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward%2C_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward%2C_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Prince_Edward%2C_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward%2C_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Prince_Edward%2C_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward%2C_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Prince_Edward%2C_Duke_of_Kent_and_Strathearn"}},"extract":"Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, was the fourth son and fifth child of King George III and Queen Charlotte. His only legitimate child, Victoria, became Queen of the United Kingdom 17 years after his death.","extract_html":"Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, was the fourth son and fifth child of King George III and Queen Charlotte. His only legitimate child, Victoria, became Queen of the United Kingdom 17 years after his death.
","normalizedtitle":"Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn"}],"year":1820},{"text":"Robert Craufurd, Scottish general and politician (born 1764)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Robert_Craufurd","displaytitle":"Robert Craufurd","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q705972","titles":{"canonical":"Robert_Craufurd","normalized":"Robert Craufurd","display":"Robert Craufurd"},"pageid":637239,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Robert_Craufurd_%281764%E2%80%931812%29.jpg/330px-Robert_Craufurd_%281764%E2%80%931812%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":432},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Robert_Craufurd_%281764%E2%80%931812%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":611,"height":800},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369417639","tid":"cf0acfe7-9825-11f1-8187-3e2850201523","timestamp":"2026-08-14T21:19:18Z","description":"British Army officer (1764–1812)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Craufurd","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Craufurd?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Craufurd?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Robert_Craufurd"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Craufurd","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Robert_Craufurd","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Craufurd?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Robert_Craufurd"}},"extract":"Major-General Robert Craufurd was a British Army officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. After a military career which took him from India to the Netherlands, in 1810 in the Peninsular War he was given command of the Light Division, composed of the elite foot soldiers in the army at the time, under the Duke of Wellington. Craufurd was a strict disciplinarian and somewhat prone to violent mood swings which earned him the nickname \"Black Bob\". He was mortally wounded storming the lesser breach in the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo on 19 January 1812 and died four days later.","extract_html":"Major-General Robert Craufurd was a British Army officer who served in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. After a military career which took him from India to the Netherlands, in 1810 in the Peninsular War he was given command of the Light Division, composed of the elite foot soldiers in the army at the time, under the Duke of Wellington. Craufurd was a strict disciplinarian and somewhat prone to violent mood swings which earned him the nickname \"Black Bob\". He was mortally wounded storming the lesser breach in the Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo on 19 January 1812 and died four days later.
","normalizedtitle":"Robert Craufurd"}],"year":1812},{"text":"Johann Wilhelm Ritter, German chemist and physicist (born 1776)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter","displaytitle":"Johann Wilhelm Ritter","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q58868","titles":{"canonical":"Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter","normalized":"Johann Wilhelm Ritter","display":"Johann Wilhelm Ritter"},"pageid":1288229,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Ritter-Johann-Wilhelm-1804.jpg/330px-Ritter-Johann-Wilhelm-1804.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":390},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Ritter-Johann-Wilhelm-1804.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":950,"height":1124},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372021495","tid":"ec7995de-a3f2-11f1-8a19-dc7fc014819e","timestamp":"2026-08-29T21:45:17Z","description":"German chemist, physicist, and philosopher (1776–1810)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Johann_Wilhelm_Ritter"}},"extract":"Johann Wilhelm Ritter was a German chemist, physicist and philosopher. He is associated with the German Romanticism. He is also known for discovering the ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum. He is also credited for the first achieved sustained electrolysis of water and the discovery of electroplating.","extract_html":"Johann Wilhelm Ritter was a German chemist, physicist and philosopher. He is associated with the German Romanticism. He is also known for discovering the ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum. He is also credited for the first achieved sustained electrolysis of water and the discovery of electroplating.
","normalizedtitle":"Johann Wilhelm Ritter"}],"year":1810},{"text":"William Pitt the Younger, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1759)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"William_Pitt_the_Younger","displaytitle":"William Pitt the Younger","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q128902","titles":{"canonical":"William_Pitt_the_Younger","normalized":"William Pitt the Younger","display":"William Pitt the Younger"},"pageid":79451,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/OlderPittThe_Younger.jpg/330px-OlderPittThe_Younger.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":422},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/OlderPittThe_Younger.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2579,"height":3299},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371930423","tid":"924fe8a7-a3a0-11f1-bae7-ba87e662f4b1","timestamp":"2026-08-29T11:55:47Z","description":"British statesman (1759–1806)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:William_Pitt_the_Younger"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/William_Pitt_the_Younger","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pitt_the_Younger?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:William_Pitt_the_Younger"}},"extract":"William Pitt was a British statesman who served as the last prime minister of Great Britain from 1783 until the Acts of Union 1800, and the first official prime minister of the United Kingdom from January 1801. He left office in March 1801, but served as prime minister again from 1804 until his death in 1806. He was also Chancellor of the Exchequer for all his time as prime minister. He is known as \"Pitt the Younger\" to distinguish him from his father, William Pitt the Elder, who had also previously served as prime minister from 1766–1768.","extract_html":"William Pitt was a British statesman who served as the last prime minister of Great Britain from 1783 until the Acts of Union 1800, and the first official prime minister of the United Kingdom from January 1801. He left office in March 1801, but served as prime minister again from 1804 until his death in 1806. He was also Chancellor of the Exchequer for all his time as prime minister. He is known as \"Pitt the Younger\" to distinguish him from his father, William Pitt the Elder, who had also previously served as prime minister from 1766–1768.
","normalizedtitle":"William Pitt the Younger"},{"type":"standard","title":"Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom","displaytitle":"Prime Minister of the United Kingdom","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q14211","titles":{"canonical":"Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom","normalized":"Prime Minister of the United Kingdom","display":"Prime Minister of the United Kingdom"},"pageid":24150,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282024%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282024%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":288},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282024%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg/1920px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%282024%2C_lesser_arms%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1567,"height":1366},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373764262","tid":"cd1bef9a-aaf7-11f1-93ff-58611a6cb35a","timestamp":"2026-09-07T20:07:50Z","description":"Head of government","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom"}},"extract":"The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet, and selects its ministers. Modern prime ministers hold office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the House of Commons, so they are invariably members of Parliament.","extract_html":"The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet, and selects its ministers. Modern prime ministers hold office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the House of Commons, so they are invariably members of Parliament.
","normalizedtitle":"Prime Minister of the United Kingdom"}],"year":1806},{"text":"Claude Chappe, French engineer (born 1763)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Claude_Chappe","displaytitle":"Claude Chappe","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q361305","titles":{"canonical":"Claude_Chappe","normalized":"Claude Chappe","display":"Claude Chappe"},"pageid":163269,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/AduC_175_Chappe_%28Claude%2C_1765-1828%29.JPG/330px-AduC_175_Chappe_%28Claude%2C_1765-1828%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/AduC_175_Chappe_%28Claude%2C_1765-1828%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2736,"height":3648},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1354466854","tid":"ed3c3358-5143-11f1-8f51-f25dd202206e","timestamp":"2026-05-16T16:26:01Z","description":"Late 18th-century French inventor","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappe","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappe?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappe?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Claude_Chappe"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappe","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Claude_Chappe","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappe?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Claude_Chappe"}},"extract":"Claude Chappe was a French inventor who in 1792 demonstrated a practical semaphore system that eventually spanned all of France. His system consisted of a series of towers, each within line of sight of others, each supporting a wooden mast with two crossarms on pivots that could be placed in various positions. The operator in a tower moved the arms to a sequence of positions, spelling out text messages in semaphore code. The operator in the next tower read the message through a telescope, then passed it on to the next tower. This was the first practical telecommunications system of the industrial age, and was used until the 1850s when electric telegraph systems replaced it.","extract_html":"Claude Chappe was a French inventor who in 1792 demonstrated a practical semaphore system that eventually spanned all of France. His system consisted of a series of towers, each within line of sight of others, each supporting a wooden mast with two crossarms on pivots that could be placed in various positions. The operator in a tower moved the arms to a sequence of positions, spelling out text messages in semaphore code. The operator in the next tower read the message through a telescope, then passed it on to the next tower. This was the first practical telecommunications system of the industrial age, and was used until the 1850s when electric telegraph systems replaced it.
","normalizedtitle":"Claude Chappe"}],"year":1805},{"text":"Arthur Guinness, Irish brewer, founded Guinness (born 1725)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Arthur_Guinness","displaytitle":"Arthur Guinness","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q454138","titles":{"canonical":"Arthur_Guinness","normalized":"Arthur Guinness","display":"Arthur Guinness"},"pageid":1762813,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Arthur_Guinness.jpg/330px-Arthur_Guinness.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":353},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Arthur_Guinness.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3085,"height":3300},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373092296","tid":"0ce28ef4-a7fb-11f1-87af-5b3a39e645ee","timestamp":"2026-09-04T00:53:32Z","description":"Irish brewer (1725–1803)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Guinness","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Guinness?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Guinness?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arthur_Guinness"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Guinness","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Arthur_Guinness","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Guinness?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Arthur_Guinness"}},"extract":"Arthur Guinness was an Irish brewer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. The inventor of Guinness stout, he founded the Guinness Brewery at St. James's Gate in 1759.","extract_html":"Arthur Guinness was an Irish brewer, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. The inventor of Guinness stout, he founded the Guinness Brewery at St. James's Gate in 1759.
","normalizedtitle":"Arthur Guinness"},{"type":"standard","title":"Guinness","displaytitle":"Guinness","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q194297","titles":{"canonical":"Guinness","normalized":"Guinness","display":"Guinness"},"pageid":19345094,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Guinness_logo_dark_text.svg/330px-Guinness_logo_dark_text.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":278},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Guinness_logo_dark_text.svg/500px-Guinness_logo_dark_text.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":344,"height":290},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374045433","tid":"cc4ca098-ac54-11f1-955b-d2accfc89fba","timestamp":"2026-09-09T13:46:03Z","description":"Irish brand of beer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Guinness"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Guinness","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Guinness"}},"extract":"Guinness is a stout that originated in the brewery of Arthur Guinness at St. James's Gate, Dublin, Ireland, in the 18th century. It is now owned by the British multinational alcoholic beverage maker Diageo. It is one of the most successful alcohol brands worldwide, brewed in almost 50 countries, and available in over 120. Sales in 2011 amounted to 850,000,000 litres. It is the highest-selling beer in both Ireland and the United Kingdom.","extract_html":"Guinness is a stout that originated in the brewery of Arthur Guinness at St. James's Gate, Dublin, Ireland, in the 18th century. It is now owned by the British multinational alcoholic beverage maker Diageo. It is one of the most successful alcohol brands worldwide, brewed in almost 50 countries, and available in over 120. Sales in 2011 amounted to 850,000,000 litres. It is the highest-selling beer in both Ireland and the United Kingdom.
","normalizedtitle":"Guinness"}],"year":1803},{"text":"Edward Rutledge, American captain and politician, 39th Governor of South Carolina (born 1749)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Edward_Rutledge","displaytitle":"Edward Rutledge","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q878666","titles":{"canonical":"Edward_Rutledge","normalized":"Edward Rutledge","display":"Edward Rutledge"},"pageid":187159,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Rutledge%2C_Edward%2C_1749-1800_James_Earl.jpg/330px-Rutledge%2C_Edward%2C_1749-1800_James_Earl.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":384},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Rutledge%2C_Edward%2C_1749-1800_James_Earl.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1320,"height":1536},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368360580","tid":"7e87077e-9345-11f1-b1ca-55329906fcc3","timestamp":"2026-08-08T16:23:31Z","description":"American Founding Father and politician (1749–1800)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Rutledge","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Rutledge?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Rutledge?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Edward_Rutledge"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Rutledge","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Edward_Rutledge","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Rutledge?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Edward_Rutledge"}},"extract":"Edward Rutledge was an American Founding Father and politician who signed the Continental Association and was the youngest signatory of the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the 39th governor of South Carolina.","extract_html":"Edward Rutledge was an American Founding Father and politician who signed the Continental Association and was the youngest signatory of the Declaration of Independence. He later served as the 39th governor of South Carolina.
","normalizedtitle":"Edward Rutledge"},{"type":"standard","title":"Governor_of_South_Carolina","displaytitle":"Governor of South Carolina","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3773752","titles":{"canonical":"Governor_of_South_Carolina","normalized":"Governor of South Carolina","display":"Governor of South Carolina"},"pageid":253089,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_South_Carolina.svg/330px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_South_Carolina.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":327},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_South_Carolina.svg/250px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_South_Carolina.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":248,"height":246},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373667483","tid":"72dd4990-aa7b-11f1-859f-aff521346ef5","timestamp":"2026-09-07T05:17:41Z","description":"Head of government of the U.S. state of South Carolina","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Governor_of_South_Carolina"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Governor_of_South_Carolina","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_South_Carolina?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Governor_of_South_Carolina"}},"extract":"The governor of South Carolina is the head of government of South Carolina. The governor is the ex officio commander-in-chief of the National Guard when not called into federal service. The governor's responsibilities include making yearly \"State of the State\" addresses to the South Carolina General Assembly, submitting an executive budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced.","extract_html":"The governor of South Carolina is the head of government of South Carolina. The governor is the ex officio commander-in-chief of the National Guard when not called into federal service. The governor's responsibilities include making yearly \"State of the State\" addresses to the South Carolina General Assembly, submitting an executive budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced.
","normalizedtitle":"Governor of South Carolina"}],"year":1800},{"text":"Frances Brooke, English author and playwright (born 1724)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Frances_Brooke","displaytitle":"Frances Brooke","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q729541","titles":{"canonical":"Frances_Brooke","normalized":"Frances Brooke","display":"Frances Brooke"},"pageid":155699,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Frances_Moore_Brooke_%281724-1789%29_by_Read.jpg/330px-Frances_Moore_Brooke_%281724-1789%29_by_Read.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":398},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Frances_Moore_Brooke_%281724-1789%29_by_Read.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":415,"height":500},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372499174","tid":"e1646967-a5a0-11f1-bb2e-c7f3e2ca6c8b","timestamp":"2026-09-01T01:03:02Z","description":"English author of first Canadian novel (1724–1789)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Brooke","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Brooke?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Brooke?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frances_Brooke"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Brooke","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Frances_Brooke","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Brooke?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frances_Brooke"}},"extract":"Frances Brooke was an English novelist, essayist, playwright and translator. Hers was the first English novel known to have been written in Canada.","extract_html":"Frances Brooke was an English novelist, essayist, playwright and translator. Hers was the first English novel known to have been written in Canada.
","normalizedtitle":"Frances Brooke"}],"year":1789},{"text":"John Cleland, English author (born 1709)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"John_Cleland","displaytitle":"John Cleland","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q460861","titles":{"canonical":"John_Cleland","normalized":"John Cleland","display":"John Cleland"},"pageid":202155,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/John_Cleland.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":321,"height":324},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/John_Cleland.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":321,"height":324},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372277933","tid":"414b095e-a4e8-11f1-a7e6-cc7487263489","timestamp":"2026-08-31T03:01:26Z","description":"English novelist (1709–1789)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cleland","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cleland?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cleland?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Cleland"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cleland","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/John_Cleland","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cleland?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Cleland"}},"extract":"John Cleland was an English novelist best known for his fictional Fanny Hill: or, the Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, whose eroticism led to his arrest. James Boswell called him \"a sly, old malcontent\".","extract_html":"John Cleland was an English novelist best known for his fictional Fanny Hill: or, the Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, whose eroticism led to his arrest. James Boswell called him \"a sly, old malcontent\".
","normalizedtitle":"John Cleland"}],"year":1789},{"text":"Matthew Stewart, Scottish mathematician and academic (born 1717)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Matthew_Stewart_(mathematician)","displaytitle":"Matthew Stewart (mathematician)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3299807","titles":{"canonical":"Matthew_Stewart_(mathematician)","normalized":"Matthew Stewart (mathematician)","display":"Matthew Stewart (mathematician)"},"pageid":409327,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Matthew_Stewart.jpeg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":276,"height":326},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Matthew_Stewart.jpeg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":276,"height":326},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365312150","tid":"94fa26b2-8522-11f1-b99d-c7db191e9c31","timestamp":"2026-07-21T16:38:20Z","description":"Scottish mathematician (1717–1785)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart_(mathematician)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart_(mathematician)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart_(mathematician)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Matthew_Stewart_(mathematician)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart_(mathematician)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Matthew_Stewart_(mathematician)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Stewart_(mathematician)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Matthew_Stewart_(mathematician)"}},"extract":"Matthew Stewart FRS FRSE (1717–1785) was a Scottish mathematician and minister of the Church of Scotland.","extract_html":"Matthew Stewart FRS FRSE (1717–1785) was a Scottish mathematician and minister of the Church of Scotland.
","normalizedtitle":"Matthew Stewart (mathematician)"}],"year":1785},{"text":"Giambattista Vico, Italian historian and philosopher (born 1668)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Giambattista_Vico","displaytitle":"Giambattista Vico","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q178709","titles":{"canonical":"Giambattista_Vico","normalized":"Giambattista Vico","display":"Giambattista Vico"},"pageid":165190,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/GiambattistaVico.jpg/330px-GiambattistaVico.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":407},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/GiambattistaVico.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":486,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1360798057","tid":"9851c076-6f2a-11f1-9244-75d7099fb7c4","timestamp":"2026-06-23T17:40:16Z","description":"Italian philosopher (1668–1744)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giambattista_Vico","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giambattista_Vico?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giambattista_Vico?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Giambattista_Vico"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giambattista_Vico","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Giambattista_Vico","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giambattista_Vico?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Giambattista_Vico"}},"extract":"Giambattista Vico was an Italian philosopher, rhetorician, historian, and jurist during the Italian Enlightenment. He criticized the expansion and development of modern rationalism, finding Cartesian analysis and other types of reductionism impractical to human life, and he was an apologist for classical antiquity and the Renaissance humanities, in addition to being the first expositor of the fundamentals of social science and of semiotics. He is recognised as one of the first Counter-Enlightenment figures in history.","extract_html":"Giambattista Vico was an Italian philosopher, rhetorician, historian, and jurist during the Italian Enlightenment. He criticized the expansion and development of modern rationalism, finding Cartesian analysis and other types of reductionism impractical to human life, and he was an apologist for classical antiquity and the Renaissance humanities, in addition to being the first expositor of the fundamentals of social science and of semiotics. He is recognised as one of the first Counter-Enlightenment figures in history.
","normalizedtitle":"Giambattista Vico"}],"year":1744},{"text":"Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke (born 1584)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Philip_Herbert,_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke","displaytitle":"Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1620547","titles":{"canonical":"Philip_Herbert,_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke","normalized":"Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke","display":"Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke"},"pageid":2402584,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":420},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/3840px-Anthony_van_Dyck_-_Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4929,"height":6266},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374241396","tid":"ac000e47-ad4c-11f1-bd3f-71797a3ec4d1","timestamp":"2026-09-10T19:20:24Z","description":"English courtier (1584–1650)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Philip_Herbert%2C_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke"}},"extract":"Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke and 1st Earl of Montgomery, was an English courtier, nobleman, and politician active during the reigns of James I and Charles I. He married Susan de Vere, the youngest daughter of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford. Philip and his older brother William were the 'incomparable pair of brethren' to whom the First Folio of Shakespeare's collected works was dedicated in 1623.","extract_html":"Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke and 1st Earl of Montgomery, was an English courtier, nobleman, and politician active during the reigns of James I and Charles I. He married Susan de Vere, the youngest daughter of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford. Philip and his older brother William were the 'incomparable pair of brethren' to whom the First Folio of Shakespeare's collected works was dedicated in 1623.
","normalizedtitle":"Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke"}],"year":1650},{"text":"William Baffin, English explorer and navigator (born 1584)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"William_Baffin","displaytitle":"William Baffin","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q55807","titles":{"canonical":"William_Baffin","normalized":"William Baffin","display":"William Baffin"},"pageid":142992,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368649887","tid":"31fd0f31-9492-11f1-9ab1-d58872a9e1a9","timestamp":"2026-08-10T08:05:05Z","description":"English navigator, explorer and cartographer (1584–1622)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Baffin","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Baffin?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Baffin?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:William_Baffin"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Baffin","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/William_Baffin","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Baffin?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:William_Baffin"}},"extract":"William Baffin was an English navigator, explorer and cartographer. He is best known for his attempt to find the Northwest Passage from the Atlantic to Pacific oceans, during which Baffin became the first European to discover a bay which was subsequently named in his honour.","extract_html":"William Baffin was an English navigator, explorer and cartographer. He is best known for his attempt to find the Northwest Passage from the Atlantic to Pacific oceans, during which Baffin became the first European to discover a bay which was subsequently named in his honour.
","normalizedtitle":"William Baffin"}],"year":1622},{"text":"John Croke, English politician and judge (born 1553)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"John_Croke","displaytitle":"John Croke","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q6227685","titles":{"canonical":"John_Croke","normalized":"John Croke","display":"John Croke"},"pageid":24226422,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Sir_John_Croke%2C_aged_63.jpg/330px-Sir_John_Croke%2C_aged_63.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":399},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Sir_John_Croke%2C_aged_63.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":992,"height":1200},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368919669","tid":"4d1f6af4-95cb-11f1-ac4e-b7a6e61f78a8","timestamp":"2026-08-11T21:26:23Z","description":"English judge and politician (1553–1620)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Croke","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Croke?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Croke?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Croke"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Croke","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/John_Croke","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Croke?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Croke"}},"extract":"Sir John Croke was an English judge and politician who served as Speaker of the English House of Commons between October and December 1601. He also served as Recorder of London, and won the City of London constituency in his election to the 1601 parliament, being the last Speaker before the death of Elizabeth I, in 1603.","extract_html":"Sir John Croke was an English judge and politician who served as Speaker of the English House of Commons between October and December 1601. He also served as Recorder of London, and won the City of London constituency in his election to the 1601 parliament, being the last Speaker before the death of Elizabeth I, in 1603.
","normalizedtitle":"John Croke"}],"year":1620},{"text":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, Scottish politician (born 1531)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"James_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Moray","displaytitle":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q937415","titles":{"canonical":"James_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Moray","normalized":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray","display":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray"},"pageid":382866,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/James_Stewart_Earl_of_Moray.jpg/330px-James_Stewart_Earl_of_Moray.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":448},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/James_Stewart_Earl_of_Moray.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":629,"height":853},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373049897","tid":"e4dc361b-a7cc-11f1-b2ee-690e3c026397","timestamp":"2026-09-03T19:23:08Z","description":"Regent for King James VI of Scotland from 1567–1570","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray"}},"extract":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray was a member of the House of Stewart as the illegitimate son of James V of Scotland. At times a supporter of his half-sister Mary, Queen of Scots, he was the regent of Scotland for his half-nephew, the infant James VI, from 1567 until his assassination in 1570. He was the first head of government to be assassinated with a firearm.","extract_html":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray was a member of the House of Stewart as the illegitimate son of James V of Scotland. At times a supporter of his half-sister Mary, Queen of Scots, he was the regent of Scotland for his half-nephew, the infant James VI, from 1567 until his assassination in 1570. He was the first head of government to be assassinated with a firearm.
","normalizedtitle":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray"}],"year":1570},{"text":"Jiajing Emperor of China (born 1507)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Jiajing_Emperor","displaytitle":"Jiajing Emperor","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q10011","titles":{"canonical":"Jiajing_Emperor","normalized":"Jiajing Emperor","display":"Jiajing Emperor"},"pageid":390591,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Portrait_officiel_de_l%27empereur_Jiajing.jpg/330px-Portrait_officiel_de_l%27empereur_Jiajing.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":445},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Portrait_officiel_de_l%27empereur_Jiajing.jpg/3840px-Portrait_officiel_de_l%27empereur_Jiajing.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":13226,"height":17828},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373417742","tid":"db400352-a971-11f1-bbb8-89b82a93fd9f","timestamp":"2026-09-05T21:36:30Z","description":"Emperor of China from 1521 to 1567","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiajing_Emperor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiajing_Emperor?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiajing_Emperor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jiajing_Emperor"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiajing_Emperor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jiajing_Emperor","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiajing_Emperor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jiajing_Emperor"}},"extract":"The Jiajing Emperor, personal name Zhu Houcong, was the 12th emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from 1521 to 1567. He succeeded his cousin, the Zhengde Emperor.","extract_html":"The Jiajing Emperor, personal name Zhu Houcong, was the 12th emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from 1521 to 1567. He succeeded his cousin, the Zhengde Emperor.
","normalizedtitle":"Jiajing Emperor"}],"year":1567},{"text":"Johannes Honter, Romanian-Hungarian cartographer and theologian (born 1498)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Johannes_Honter","displaytitle":"Johannes Honter","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q738256","titles":{"canonical":"Johannes_Honter","normalized":"Johannes Honter","display":"Johannes Honter"},"pageid":1482987,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Stamps_of_Romania%2C_2007-079.jpg/330px-Stamps_of_Romania%2C_2007-079.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":479},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Stamps_of_Romania%2C_2007-079.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":394,"height":572},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1326031341","tid":"83834755-d2ce-11f0-a2b2-47e1c2d528f8","timestamp":"2025-12-06T18:08:06Z","description":"Transylvanian Saxon renaissance humanist (1498–1549)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Honter","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Honter?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Honter?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Johannes_Honter"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Honter","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Johannes_Honter","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Honter?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Johannes_Honter"}},"extract":"Johannes Honter was a Transylvanian Saxon, renaissance humanist, Protestant reformer, and theologian. Honter is best known for his geographic and cartographic publishing activity, as well as for implementing the Lutheran reform in Transylvania and founding the church, which would become the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania, after the union of Transylvania with Romania.","extract_html":"Johannes Honter was a Transylvanian Saxon, renaissance humanist, Protestant reformer, and theologian. Honter is best known for his geographic and cartographic publishing activity, as well as for implementing the Lutheran reform in Transylvania and founding the church, which would become the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania, after the union of Transylvania with Romania.
","normalizedtitle":"Johannes Honter"}],"year":1549},{"text":"Bernardo Pisano, Italian priest, scholar, and composer (born 1490)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Bernardo_Pisano","displaytitle":"Bernardo Pisano","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2920493","titles":{"canonical":"Bernardo_Pisano","normalized":"Bernardo Pisano","display":"Bernardo Pisano"},"pageid":1432625,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Pisano2.jpg/330px-Pisano2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":453},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Pisano2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":656,"height":900},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1218503676","tid":"f88f46d6-f877-11ee-82ce-87457b18f6b2","timestamp":"2024-04-12T02:54:25Z","description":"Italian composer","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Pisano","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Pisano?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Pisano?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bernardo_Pisano"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Pisano","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Bernardo_Pisano","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Pisano?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bernardo_Pisano"}},"extract":"Bernardo Pisano was an Italian composer, priest, singer, and scholar of the Renaissance. He was one of the first madrigalists, and the first composer anywhere to have a printed collection of secular music devoted entirely to himself.","extract_html":"Bernardo Pisano was an Italian composer, priest, singer, and scholar of the Renaissance. He was one of the first madrigalists, and the first composer anywhere to have a printed collection of secular music devoted entirely to himself.
","normalizedtitle":"Bernardo Pisano"}],"year":1548},{"text":"Ferdinand II of Aragon (born 1452)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon","displaytitle":"Ferdinand II of Aragon","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q12860","titles":{"canonical":"Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon","normalized":"Ferdinand II of Aragon","display":"Ferdinand II of Aragon"},"pageid":18836110,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Michel_Sittow_004.jpg/330px-Michel_Sittow_004.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":442},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Michel_Sittow_004.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1079,"height":1445},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374250096","tid":"02be17ee-ad56-11f1-9b89-f09c9c5b2802","timestamp":"2026-09-10T20:27:15Z","description":"King of Aragon from 1479 to 1516","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon"}},"extract":"Ferdinand II, also known as Ferdinand the Catholic, was King of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516. As the husband and co-ruler of Queen Isabella I of Castile, he was also King of Castile from 1475 to 1504. He reigned jointly with Isabella over a dynastically unified Spain; together, they are known as the Catholic Monarchs. Ferdinand is considered the de facto first king of Spain, and was described as such during his reign, even though, legally, Castile and Aragon remained two separate kingdoms until they were formally united by the Nueva Planta decrees issued between 1707 and 1716.","extract_html":"Ferdinand II, also known as Ferdinand the Catholic, was King of Aragon from 1479 until his death in 1516. As the husband and co-ruler of Queen Isabella I of Castile, he was also King of Castile from 1475 to 1504. He reigned jointly with Isabella over a dynastically unified Spain; together, they are known as the Catholic Monarchs. Ferdinand is considered the de facto first king of Spain, and was described as such during his reign, even though, legally, Castile and Aragon remained two separate kingdoms until they were formally united by the Nueva Planta decrees issued between 1707 and 1716.
","normalizedtitle":"Ferdinand II of Aragon"}],"year":1516},{"text":"Margaret of Bavaria, Burgundian regent (born 1363)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Margaret_of_Bavaria","displaytitle":"Margaret of Bavaria","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q271914","titles":{"canonical":"Margaret_of_Bavaria","normalized":"Margaret of Bavaria","display":"Margaret of Bavaria"},"pageid":10757059,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Flemish_School_-_Lille_-_Margaret_of_Bavaria.jpg/330px-Flemish_School_-_Lille_-_Margaret_of_Bavaria.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":464},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Flemish_School_-_Lille_-_Margaret_of_Bavaria.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":447,"height":629},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371887132","tid":"c3a3c47b-a356-11f1-bcab-6d0c7f3f52dd","timestamp":"2026-08-29T03:07:27Z","description":"Duchess consort of Burgundy (1363–1424)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Bavaria","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Bavaria?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Bavaria?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Margaret_of_Bavaria"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Bavaria","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Margaret_of_Bavaria","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Bavaria?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Margaret_of_Bavaria"}},"extract":"Margaret of Bavaria was Duchess of Burgundy by marriage to John the Fearless. She was the regent of the Burgundian Low Countries during the absence of her spouse in 1404–1419 and the regent in French Burgundy during the absence of her son in 1419–1423. She became most known for her successful defense of the Duchy of Burgundy against Count John IV of Armagnac in 1419.","extract_html":"Margaret of Bavaria was Duchess of Burgundy by marriage to John the Fearless. She was the regent of the Burgundian Low Countries during the absence of her spouse in 1404–1419 and the regent in French Burgundy during the absence of her son in 1419–1423. She became most known for her successful defense of the Duchy of Burgundy against Count John IV of Armagnac in 1419.
","normalizedtitle":"Margaret of Bavaria"}],"year":1423},{"text":"Florent of Hainaut, Prince of Achaea (born c. 1255)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Florent_of_Hainaut","displaytitle":"Florent of Hainaut","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q597299","titles":{"canonical":"Florent_of_Hainaut","normalized":"Florent of Hainaut","display":"Florent of Hainaut"},"pageid":5818480,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Florent_of_Hainaut.jpg/330px-Florent_of_Hainaut.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":299},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Florent_of_Hainaut.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":486,"height":440},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1358633028","tid":"d6e07aef-645c-11f1-b1b5-ef0176b4eea4","timestamp":"2026-06-09T23:42:13Z","description":"Prince of Achaea from 1289 to 1297","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florent_of_Hainaut","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florent_of_Hainaut?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florent_of_Hainaut?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Florent_of_Hainaut"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florent_of_Hainaut","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Florent_of_Hainaut","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florent_of_Hainaut?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Florent_of_Hainaut"}},"extract":"Florent of Hainaut was Prince of Achaea from 1289 to his death, in right of his wife, Isabella of Villehardouin. He was the son of John I of Avesnes and Adelaide of Holland. From his father, he received the stadholdership (government) of Zeeland.","extract_html":"Florent of Hainaut was Prince of Achaea from 1289 to his death, in right of his wife, Isabella of Villehardouin. He was the son of John I of Avesnes and Adelaide of Holland. From his father, he received the stadholdership (government) of Zeeland.
","normalizedtitle":"Florent of Hainaut"}],"year":1297},{"text":"Isabella, Queen of Armenia","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Isabella,_Queen_of_Armenia","displaytitle":"Isabella, Queen of Armenia","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4924","titles":{"canonical":"Isabella,_Queen_of_Armenia","normalized":"Isabella, Queen of Armenia","display":"Isabella, Queen of Armenia"},"pageid":1807483,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Hetoum_and_Zabel.jpeg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":200,"height":206},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Hetoum_and_Zabel.jpeg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":200,"height":206},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1358634786","tid":"1d36d70e-645f-11f1-adcf-d72d3c22c0c0","timestamp":"2026-06-09T23:58:30Z","description":"Queen of Cilician Armenia from 1219 to 1252","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella%2C_Queen_of_Armenia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella%2C_Queen_of_Armenia?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella%2C_Queen_of_Armenia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Isabella%2C_Queen_of_Armenia"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella%2C_Queen_of_Armenia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Isabella%2C_Queen_of_Armenia","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella%2C_Queen_of_Armenia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Isabella%2C_Queen_of_Armenia"}},"extract":"Isabella, also Isabel or Zabel, was queen regnant of Armenian Cilicia from 1219 until her death in 1252. Under Constantine's regency, Isabella married Philip of Antioch. Philip's offensive behavior offended the Armenians who had him imprisoned and poisoned. Constantine then had Isabella marry his son Hethum. Isabella died 23 January 1252 and was buried in the monastery of Trazarg.","extract_html":"Isabella, also Isabel or Zabel, was queen regnant of Armenian Cilicia from 1219 until her death in 1252. Under Constantine's regency, Isabella married Philip of Antioch. Philip's offensive behavior offended the Armenians who had him imprisoned and poisoned. Constantine then had Isabella marry his son Hethum. Isabella died 23 January 1252 and was buried in the monastery of Trazarg.
","normalizedtitle":"Isabella, Queen of Armenia"}],"year":1252},{"text":"Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur, Moroccan caliph (born 1160)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Yaqub_al-Mansur","displaytitle":"Yaqub al-Mansur","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q455739","titles":{"canonical":"Yaqub_al-Mansur","normalized":"Yaqub al-Mansur","display":"Yaqub al-Mansur"},"pageid":1680277,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Tour_Hassan_%286858227583%29.jpg/330px-Tour_Hassan_%286858227583%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Tour_Hassan_%286858227583%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1024,"height":768},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371033367","tid":"fe84aecf-9f7e-11f1-b838-738e2662b27e","timestamp":"2026-08-24T05:45:21Z","description":"Ruler of the Almohad Caliphate from 1184 to 1199","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqub_al-Mansur","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqub_al-Mansur?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqub_al-Mansur?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Yaqub_al-Mansur"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqub_al-Mansur","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Yaqub_al-Mansur","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqub_al-Mansur?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Yaqub_al-Mansur"}},"extract":"Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb ibn Yūsuf ibn Abd al-Muʾmin al-Manṣūr, commonly known as Yaqub al-Mansur or Moulay Yacoub, was the third Almohad caliph. Succeeding his father, al-Mansur reigned from 1184 to 1199. His reign was distinguished by the flourishing of trade, architecture, philosophy and the sciences, as well as by victorious military campaigns in which he was successful in repelling the tide of the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula.","extract_html":"Abū Yūsuf Yaʿqūb ibn Yūsuf ibn Abd al-Muʾmin al-Manṣūr, commonly known as Yaqub al-Mansur or Moulay Yacoub, was the third Almohad caliph. Succeeding his father, al-Mansur reigned from 1184 to 1199. His reign was distinguished by the flourishing of trade, architecture, philosophy and the sciences, as well as by victorious military campaigns in which he was successful in repelling the tide of the Reconquista in the Iberian Peninsula.
","normalizedtitle":"Yaqub al-Mansur"}],"year":1199},{"text":"Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor (born 980)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor","displaytitle":"Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q151090","titles":{"canonical":"Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor","normalized":"Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor","display":"Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor"},"pageid":38935,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Clm_4453_fol_24r_Detail_Herrscherbild.jpg/330px-Clm_4453_fol_24r_Detail_Herrscherbild.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":362},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Clm_4453_fol_24r_Detail_Herrscherbild.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2158,"height":2364},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368437100","tid":"0e05d5b2-9391-11f1-abf4-d35060a6c0bf","timestamp":"2026-08-09T01:24:24Z","description":"Holy Roman Emperor from 996 to 1002","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_III%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_III%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_III%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Otto_III%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_III%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Otto_III%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_III%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Otto_III%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor"}},"extract":"Otto III was the Holy Roman emperor and King of Italy from 996 until his death in 1002. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto III was the only son of Emperor Otto II and his wife Theophanu.","extract_html":"Otto III was the Holy Roman emperor and King of Italy from 996 until his death in 1002. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto III was the only son of Emperor Otto II and his wife Theophanu.
","normalizedtitle":"Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor"}],"year":1002},{"text":"Adalbero, archbishop of Reims","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Adalbero_of_Reims","displaytitle":"Adalbero of Reims","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q347218","titles":{"canonical":"Adalbero_of_Reims","normalized":"Adalbero of Reims","display":"Adalbero of Reims"},"pageid":1697862,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Sacre_Hugues_Capet_1.jpg/330px-Sacre_Hugues_Capet_1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":270},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Sacre_Hugues_Capet_1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1340,"height":1098},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1359216965","tid":"0f8d9424-6774-11f1-a610-4f8b8fa2a514","timestamp":"2026-06-13T22:06:00Z","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalbero_of_Reims","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalbero_of_Reims?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalbero_of_Reims?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Adalbero_of_Reims"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalbero_of_Reims","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Adalbero_of_Reims","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adalbero_of_Reims?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Adalbero_of_Reims"}},"extract":"Adalbero was the archbishop of Reims, chancellor of Kings Lothair and Louis V of France.","extract_html":"Adalbero was the archbishop of Reims, chancellor of Kings Lothair and Louis V of France.
","normalizedtitle":"Adalbero of Reims"},{"type":"standard","title":"Archdiocese_of_Reims","displaytitle":"Archdiocese of Reims","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1365421","titles":{"canonical":"Archdiocese_of_Reims","normalized":"Archdiocese of Reims","display":"Archdiocese of Reims"},"pageid":1788185,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Domenico_Quaglio_%281787_-_1837%29%2C_Die_Kathedrale_von_Reims.jpg/330px-Domenico_Quaglio_%281787_-_1837%29%2C_Die_Kathedrale_von_Reims.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":258},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Domenico_Quaglio_%281787_-_1837%29%2C_Die_Kathedrale_von_Reims.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":800,"height":625},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371125600","tid":"5c9caadc-9fee-11f1-8b62-3e1eb163bc61","timestamp":"2026-08-24T19:02:33Z","description":"Archdiocese","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":49.25361111,"lon":4.03416667},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Reims","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Reims?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Reims?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Archdiocese_of_Reims"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Reims","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Archdiocese_of_Reims","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Reims?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Archdiocese_of_Reims"}},"extract":"The Archdiocese of Reims or Rheims is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. Established as a diocese around 250 by Bishop Sixtus, it was elevated to an archdiocese around 750. In 1089, the archbishop received the title \"primate of Gallia Belgica\".","extract_html":"The Archdiocese of Reims or Rheims is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church in France. Established as a diocese around 250 by Bishop Sixtus, it was elevated to an archdiocese around 750. In 1089, the archbishop received the title \"primate of Gallia Belgica\".
","normalizedtitle":"Archdiocese of Reims"}],"year":989},{"text":"Ildefonsus, bishop of Toledo","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Ildefonsus","displaytitle":"Ildefonsus","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q456069","titles":{"canonical":"Ildefonsus","normalized":"Ildefonsus","display":"Ildefonsus"},"pageid":3919813,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ildefonso_de_Toledo_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ildefonso_de_Toledo_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":488},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Ildefonso_de_Toledo_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":709,"height":1049},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374270408","tid":"f5615496-ad6e-11f1-8d1c-5e7660ff3e45","timestamp":"2026-09-10T23:25:50Z","description":"Spanish scholar, theologian and bishop","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonsus","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonsus?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonsus?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ildefonsus"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonsus","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ildefonsus","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonsus?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ildefonsus"}},"extract":"Ildefonsus or Ildephonsus was a scholar and theologian who served as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Toledo for the last decade of his life. His Gothic name was Hildefuns. In the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church he is known as Dexius based on the Ge'ez translation of legends about his life.","extract_html":"Ildefonsus or Ildephonsus was a scholar and theologian who served as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Toledo for the last decade of his life. His Gothic name was Hildefuns. In the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church he is known as Dexius based on the Ge'ez translation of legends about his life.
","normalizedtitle":"Ildefonsus"},{"type":"standard","title":"Archdiocese_of_Toledo","displaytitle":"Archdiocese of Toledo","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1423027","titles":{"canonical":"Archdiocese_of_Toledo","normalized":"Archdiocese of Toledo","display":"Archdiocese of Toledo"},"pageid":2701054,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/KathedraleToledo.jpg/330px-KathedraleToledo.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/KathedraleToledo.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":600,"height":800},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1359502135","tid":"0f5cd8d5-68dd-11f1-8853-e031d3d785c0","timestamp":"2026-06-15T17:10:08Z","description":"Catholic archdiocese in Spain","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":39.8575,"lon":-4.0231},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Toledo","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Toledo?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Toledo?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Archdiocese_of_Toledo"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Toledo","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Archdiocese_of_Toledo","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Toledo?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Archdiocese_of_Toledo"}},"extract":"The Archdiocese of Toledo is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Spain. It is also the Primate of Spain. It was, according to tradition, established in the 1st century by James the Great and was elevated to an archdiocese in 313 after the Edict of Milan. The incumbent Metropolitan Archbishop also bears the title Primate of Spain and since 1937 the title General Vicar of the Armies.","extract_html":"The Archdiocese of Toledo is a Latin Church archdiocese of the Catholic Church located in Spain. It is also the Primate of Spain. It was, according to tradition, established in the 1st century by James the Great and was elevated to an archdiocese in 313 after the Edict of Milan. The incumbent Metropolitan Archbishop also bears the title Primate of Spain and since 1937 the title General Vicar of the Armies.
","normalizedtitle":"Archdiocese of Toledo"}],"year":667}],"events":[{"text":"Northwestern Air Flight 738 crashes after takeoff from Fort Smith Airport, Northwest Territories, Canada, killing six people.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Northwestern_Air_Flight_738","displaytitle":"Northwestern Air Flight 738","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q124396142","titles":{"canonical":"Northwestern_Air_Flight_738","normalized":"Northwestern Air Flight 738","display":"Northwestern Air Flight 738"},"pageid":75902904,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Foto_del_Avi%C3%B3n_accidentado..jpg/330px-Foto_del_Avi%C3%B3n_accidentado..jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Foto_del_Avi%C3%B3n_accidentado..jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1600,"height":1200},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364276589","tid":"a56559c9-8069-11f1-8384-9d809960198f","timestamp":"2026-07-15T16:24:26Z","description":"2024 aviation accident in Canada","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":60.02851111,"lon":-111.99744444},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Air_Flight_738","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Air_Flight_738?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Air_Flight_738?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Northwestern_Air_Flight_738"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Air_Flight_738","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Northwestern_Air_Flight_738","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Air_Flight_738?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Northwestern_Air_Flight_738"}},"extract":"On 23 January 2024, Northwestern Air Flight 738, a British Aerospace Jetstream, was chartered by the Rio Tinto Group to carry mine workers from Fort Smith to the Diavik Diamond Mine, located around 300 km (190 mi) northeast of Yellowknife. The aircraft crashed shortly after takeoff, 1,200 m (3,900 ft) from the runway near Fort Smith Airport, killing six of the seven passengers and crew. The only survivor was taken to the Fort Smith Health Centre and was later airlifted to the Stanton Territorial Hospital in Yellowknife for further treatment.","extract_html":"On 23 January 2024, Northwestern Air Flight 738, a British Aerospace Jetstream, was chartered by the Rio Tinto Group to carry mine workers from Fort Smith to the Diavik Diamond Mine, located around 300 km (190 mi) northeast of Yellowknife. The aircraft crashed shortly after takeoff, 1,200 m (3,900 ft) from the runway near Fort Smith Airport, killing six of the seven passengers and crew. The only survivor was taken to the Fort Smith Health Centre and was later airlifted to the Stanton Territorial Hospital in Yellowknife for further treatment.
","normalizedtitle":"Northwestern Air Flight 738"},{"type":"standard","title":"Fort_Smith_Airport","displaytitle":"Fort Smith Airport","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3912580","titles":{"canonical":"Fort_Smith_Airport","normalized":"Fort Smith Airport","display":"Fort Smith Airport"},"pageid":2677955,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371264937","tid":"0aae6345-a094-11f1-86c6-907a5f37780c","timestamp":"2026-08-25T14:48:32Z","description":"Public airport near Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, Canada","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":60.02027778,"lon":-111.96194444},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Smith_Airport","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Smith_Airport?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Smith_Airport?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fort_Smith_Airport"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Smith_Airport","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Fort_Smith_Airport","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Smith_Airport?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fort_Smith_Airport"}},"extract":"Fort Smith Airport is located near Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, Canada. Runway 03/21 has no winter service.","extract_html":"Fort Smith Airport is located near Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, Canada. Runway 03/21 has no winter service.
","normalizedtitle":"Fort Smith Airport"}],"year":2024},{"text":"Mutinying Burkinabè soldiers led by Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba depose and detain President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré amid widespread anti-government protests.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba","displaytitle":"Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q110666454","titles":{"canonical":"Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba","normalized":"Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba","display":"Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba"},"pageid":69868896,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Le_lieutenant-colonel_Paul_Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba%2C_Ouagadougou_le_27_janvier_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Le_lieutenant-colonel_Paul_Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba%2C_Ouagadougou_le_27_janvier_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":420},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Le_lieutenant-colonel_Paul_Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba%2C_Ouagadougou_le_27_janvier_2022_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":575,"height":732},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373192840","tid":"5d90d17d-a869-11f1-bf50-a0e6993b4271","timestamp":"2026-09-04T14:03:12Z","description":"Burkinabé military officer and president in 2022","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Paul-Henri_Sandaogo_Damiba"}},"extract":"Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba is a Burkinabé military officer who served as interim president of Burkina Faso from 31 January 2022 to 30 September 2022, when he was removed in a coup d'état by his own military colleague, Ibrahim Traoré. Damiba had come to power just eight months earlier, on 24 January 2022, when he removed president Roch Marc Christian Kaboré in a coup.","extract_html":"Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba is a Burkinabé military officer who served as interim president of Burkina Faso from 31 January 2022 to 30 September 2022, when he was removed in a coup d'état by his own military colleague, Ibrahim Traoré. Damiba had come to power just eight months earlier, on 24 January 2022, when he removed president Roch Marc Christian Kaboré in a coup.
","normalizedtitle":"Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba"},{"type":"standard","title":"January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d'état","displaytitle":"January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q110663445","titles":{"canonical":"January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d'état","normalized":"January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état","display":"January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état"},"pageid":69864872,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Burkinasoldiersaftercoup.png/330px-Burkinasoldiersaftercoup.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":204},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Burkinasoldiersaftercoup.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":900,"height":555},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370624819","tid":"402a24e4-9dde-11f1-aae8-427372e3f975","timestamp":"2026-08-22T04:02:11Z","description":"","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d'%C3%A9tat","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d'%C3%A9tat?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d'%C3%A9tat?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d'%C3%A9tat"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d'%C3%A9tat","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d'%C3%A9tat","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d'%C3%A9tat?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:January_2022_Burkina_Faso_coup_d'%C3%A9tat"}},"extract":"A coup d'état was launched in Burkina Faso on 24 January 2022. Gunfire erupted in front of the presidential residence in the Burkinabé capital Ouagadougou and several military barracks around the city. Soldiers were reported to have seized control of the military base in the capital. The government denied there was an active coup in the country. Several hours later, President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré was reported to have been detained by the soldiers at the military camp in the capital. On 24 January, the military announced on television that Kaboré had been deposed from his position as president. After the announcement, the military declared that the parliament, government and constitution had been dissolved. The coup d'état was led by military officer Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba.","extract_html":"A coup d'état was launched in Burkina Faso on 24 January 2022. Gunfire erupted in front of the presidential residence in the Burkinabé capital Ouagadougou and several military barracks around the city. Soldiers were reported to have seized control of the military base in the capital. The government denied there was an active coup in the country. Several hours later, President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré was reported to have been detained by the soldiers at the military camp in the capital. On 24 January, the military announced on television that Kaboré had been deposed from his position as president. After the announcement, the military declared that the parliament, government and constitution had been dissolved. The coup d'état was led by military officer Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba.
","normalizedtitle":"January 2022 Burkina Faso coup d'état"},{"type":"standard","title":"Roch_Marc_Christian_Kaboré","displaytitle":"Roch Marc Christian Kaboré","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q599988","titles":{"canonical":"Roch_Marc_Christian_Kaboré","normalized":"Roch Marc Christian Kaboré","display":"Roch Marc Christian Kaboré"},"pageid":2807211,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9_%2804-06-2018%29.jpg/330px-Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9_%2804-06-2018%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":468},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9_%2804-06-2018%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":887,"height":1258},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1360045347","tid":"303560cf-6b61-11f1-b33d-80946649ab92","timestamp":"2026-06-18T22:00:59Z","description":"President of Burkina Faso from 2015 to 2022","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roch_Marc_Christian_Kabor%C3%A9"}},"extract":"Roch Marc Christian Kaboré is a Burkinabé banker and politician who served as the President of Burkina Faso from 2015 until he was deposed in 2022. He was the Prime Minister of Burkina Faso between 1994 and 1996 and President of the National Assembly of Burkina Faso from 2002 to 2012. Kaboré was also president of the Congress for Democracy and Progress (CDP) until his departure from the party in 2014. He founded the People's Movement for Progress party that same year.","extract_html":"Roch Marc Christian Kaboré is a Burkinabé banker and politician who served as the President of Burkina Faso from 2015 until he was deposed in 2022. He was the Prime Minister of Burkina Faso between 1994 and 1996 and President of the National Assembly of Burkina Faso from 2002 to 2012. Kaboré was also president of the Congress for Democracy and Progress (CDP) until his departure from the party in 2014. He founded the People's Movement for Progress party that same year.
","normalizedtitle":"Roch Marc Christian Kaboré"}],"year":2022},{"text":"A 7.9 Mw earthquake occurs in the Gulf of Alaska. It is tied as the sixth-largest earthquake ever recorded in the United States, but there are no reports of significant damage or fatalities.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake","displaytitle":"2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q47486452","titles":{"canonical":"2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake","normalized":"2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake","display":"2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake"},"pageid":56383587,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/2018_Alaska_earthquake_intensity.jpg/330px-2018_Alaska_earthquake_intensity.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":410},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/2018_Alaska_earthquake_intensity.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":612,"height":761},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374193417","tid":"c5836547-ad10-11f1-b3f0-1c60709bd474","timestamp":"2026-09-10T12:11:37Z","description":"Earthquake in Gulf of Alaska","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":56.046,"lon":-149.073},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake"}},"extract":"On January 23, 2018, at 00:31 AKST, an earthquake occurred in the Gulf of Alaska near Kodiak Island. The earthquake, measured at 7.9 on the Mw scale, was approximately 280 kilometers (170 mi) southeast of Kodiak and happened at a depth of 25 kilometers (16 mi).","extract_html":"On January 23, 2018, at 00:31 AKST, an earthquake occurred in the Gulf of Alaska near Kodiak Island. The earthquake, measured at 7.9 on the Mw scale, was approximately 280 kilometers (170 mi) southeast of Kodiak and happened at a depth of 25 kilometers (16 mi).
","normalizedtitle":"2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake"},{"type":"standard","title":"Gulf_of_Alaska","displaytitle":"Gulf of Alaska","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q180531","titles":{"canonical":"Gulf_of_Alaska","normalized":"Gulf of Alaska","display":"Gulf of Alaska"},"pageid":802251,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/GulfOfAlaska_AMO_2008073.jpg/330px-GulfOfAlaska_AMO_2008073.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/GulfOfAlaska_AMO_2008073.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":540,"height":405},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370179816","tid":"376dfe53-9be4-11f1-b067-fc7f4aeb0c73","timestamp":"2026-08-19T15:39:51Z","description":"Arm of the Pacific Ocean","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":58.6,"lon":-145.2},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gulf_of_Alaska"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Gulf_of_Alaska","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gulf_of_Alaska"}},"extract":"The Gulf of Alaska is an arm of the Pacific Ocean defined by the curve of the southern coast of Alaska, stretching from Kabuch Point in the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island in the west to the Cape Spencer in the east, where Glacier Bay is found and start the Inside Passage.","extract_html":"The Gulf of Alaska is an arm of the Pacific Ocean defined by the curve of the southern coast of Alaska, stretching from Kabuch Point in the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island in the west to the Cape Spencer in the east, where Glacier Bay is found and start the Inside Passage.
","normalizedtitle":"Gulf of Alaska"},{"type":"standard","title":"List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States","displaytitle":"List of earthquakes in the United States","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3243394","titles":{"canonical":"List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States","normalized":"List of earthquakes in the United States","display":"List of earthquakes in the United States"},"pageid":17002786,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374339689","tid":"232db30c-add6-11f1-864c-73d2b93bab54","timestamp":"2026-09-11T11:44:25Z","description":"","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States"}},"extract":"\n\nThe following is a list of notable earthquakes and tsunamis which had their epicenter in areas that are now part of the United States with the latter affecting areas of the United States. Those in italics were not part of the United States when the event occurred.","extract_html":"\n\nThe following is a list of notable earthquakes and tsunamis which had their epicenter in areas that are now part of the United States with the latter affecting areas of the United States. Those in italics were not part of the United States when the event occurred.
","normalizedtitle":"List of earthquakes in the United States"}],"year":2018},{"text":"A double car bombing in Benghazi, Libya, kills at least 33 people and wounds \"dozens\" of others. The victims include both military personnel and civilians, according to local officials.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Benghazi","displaytitle":"Benghazi","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q40816","titles":{"canonical":"Benghazi","normalized":"Benghazi","display":"Benghazi"},"pageid":204114,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Al_Daawa_alIslamiyah2.JPG/330px-Al_Daawa_alIslamiyah2.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Al_Daawa_alIslamiyah2.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3648,"height":2736},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370417528","tid":"56ac8034-9cfd-11f1-a0f9-3a73dfc6bf0b","timestamp":"2026-08-21T01:12:12Z","description":"City in Cyrenaica, Libya","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":32.11666667,"lon":20.06666667},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Benghazi"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Benghazi","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Benghazi"}},"extract":"Benghazi is the second-largest city in Libya as well as the largest city in Cyrenaica, with an estimated population of 859,000 in 2023. Located on the Gulf of Sidra in the Mediterranean, Benghazi is also a major seaport.","extract_html":"Benghazi is the second-largest city in Libya as well as the largest city in Cyrenaica, with an estimated population of 859,000 in 2023. Located on the Gulf of Sidra in the Mediterranean, Benghazi is also a major seaport.
","normalizedtitle":"Benghazi"}],"year":2018},{"text":"The China–United States trade war begins when President Donald Trump places tariffs on Chinese solar panels and washing machines.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"China–United_States_trade_war","displaytitle":"China–United States trade war","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q51557538","titles":{"canonical":"China–United_States_trade_war","normalized":"China–United States trade war","display":"China–United States trade war"},"pageid":57055272,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373470400","tid":"2ecc4795-a9a6-11f1-855e-160a6a78a415","timestamp":"2026-09-06T03:51:04Z","description":"Economic conflict since 2018","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war"}},"extract":"An economic conflict between China and the United States has been ongoing since January 2018, when US president Donald Trump began imposing tariffs and other trade barriers on China with the aim of forcing it to make changes to what the US has said are longstanding unfair trade practices and intellectual property theft. The first Trump administration stated that these practices may contribute to the US–China trade deficit, and that the Chinese government requires the transfer of American technology to China. In response to the trade measures, CCP general secretary Xi Jinping's administration accused the Trump administration of engaging in nationalist protectionism and took retaliatory action. Following the trade war's escalation through 2019, the two sides reached a tense phase-one agreement in January 2020. However, because of a temporary collapse in goods trade around the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic together with a short recession diminished the chance of meeting the target, China failed to buy the $200 billion worth of additional imports specified. By the end of Trump's first presidency, the trade war was widely characterized by American media outlets as a failure for the United States.","extract_html":"An economic conflict between China and the United States has been ongoing since January 2018, when US president Donald Trump began imposing tariffs and other trade barriers on China with the aim of forcing it to make changes to what the US has said are longstanding unfair trade practices and intellectual property theft. The first Trump administration stated that these practices may contribute to the US–China trade deficit, and that the Chinese government requires the transfer of American technology to China. In response to the trade measures, CCP general secretary Xi Jinping's administration accused the Trump administration of engaging in nationalist protectionism and took retaliatory action. Following the trade war's escalation through 2019, the two sides reached a tense phase-one agreement in January 2020. However, because of a temporary collapse in goods trade around the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic together with a short recession diminished the chance of meeting the target, China failed to buy the $200 billion worth of additional imports specified. By the end of Trump's first presidency, the trade war was widely characterized by American media outlets as a failure for the United States.
","normalizedtitle":"China–United States trade war"},{"type":"standard","title":"Donald_Trump","displaytitle":"Donald Trump","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q22686","titles":{"canonical":"Donald_Trump","normalized":"Donald Trump","display":"Donald Trump"},"pageid":4848272,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_President_Donald_J._Trump_%282025%29.jpg/330px-Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_President_Donald_J._Trump_%282025%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":413},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Official_Presidential_Portrait_of_President_Donald_J._Trump_%282025%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1638,"height":2048},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373845629","tid":"51eb26e7-ab59-11f1-a1da-2ba244775d01","timestamp":"2026-09-08T07:45:54Z","description":"President of the United States (2017–2021; since 2025)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Donald_Trump"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Donald_Trump","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Donald_Trump"}},"extract":"Donald John Trump is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th president of the United States. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 45th president from 2017 to 2021.","extract_html":"Donald John Trump is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who is the 47th president of the United States. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 45th president from 2017 to 2021.
","normalizedtitle":"Donald Trump"},{"type":"standard","title":"Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration","displaytitle":"Tariffs in the first Trump administration","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q50335907","titles":{"canonical":"Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration","normalized":"Tariffs in the first Trump administration","display":"Tariffs in the first Trump administration"},"pageid":56728490,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/United_States_Trade_Deficit.svg/330px-United_States_Trade_Deficit.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":231},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/United_States_Trade_Deficit.svg/960px-United_States_Trade_Deficit.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":960,"height":672},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371123296","tid":"a33cd721-9feb-11f1-86db-4bc8b1f4ad32","timestamp":"2026-08-24T18:43:03Z","description":"","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tariffs_in_the_first_Trump_administration"}},"extract":"During his first term as president of the United States, Donald Trump enacted a series of tariffs involving protectionist trade initiatives against other countries, most notably China. It involved tariffs on foreign imports imposed by Trump. Since long before he became president in 2017, Trump had promoted tariffs on imports to retaliate against countries he believes are \"ripping-off\" the United States.","extract_html":"During his first term as president of the United States, Donald Trump enacted a series of tariffs involving protectionist trade initiatives against other countries, most notably China. It involved tariffs on foreign imports imposed by Trump. Since long before he became president in 2017, Trump had promoted tariffs on imports to retaliate against countries he believes are \"ripping-off\" the United States.
","normalizedtitle":"Tariffs in the first Trump administration"}],"year":2018},{"text":"A very weak signal from Pioneer 10 is detected for the last time, but no usable data can be extracted.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Pioneer_10","displaytitle":"Pioneer 10","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q59103","titles":{"canonical":"Pioneer_10","normalized":"Pioneer 10","display":"Pioneer 10"},"pageid":38198,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/An_artist%27s_impression_of_a_Pioneer_spacecraft_on_its_way_to_interstellar_space.jpg/330px-An_artist%27s_impression_of_a_Pioneer_spacecraft_on_its_way_to_interstellar_space.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":272},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/An_artist%27s_impression_of_a_Pioneer_spacecraft_on_its_way_to_interstellar_space.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3000,"height":2477},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374278993","tid":"a4565e4f-ad78-11f1-bc7f-6e5351e85341","timestamp":"2026-09-11T00:35:09Z","description":"First spacecraft to visit Jupiter and the outer Solar System (1972–2003)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pioneer_10"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Pioneer_10","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_10?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pioneer_10"}},"extract":"Pioneer 10 is a NASA space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter. It was the first spacecraft to traverse the asteroid belt and the first of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System. The mission was managed by NASA Ames Research Center in California, and the spacecraft was built by TRW Inc.","extract_html":"Pioneer 10 is a NASA space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter. It was the first spacecraft to traverse the asteroid belt and the first of five artificial objects to achieve the escape velocity needed to leave the Solar System. The mission was managed by NASA Ames Research Center in California, and the spacecraft was built by TRW Inc.
","normalizedtitle":"Pioneer 10"}],"year":2003},{"text":"U.S. journalist Daniel Pearl is kidnapped in Karachi, Pakistan and subsequently murdered.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Daniel_Pearl","displaytitle":"Daniel Pearl","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q357936","titles":{"canonical":"Daniel_Pearl","normalized":"Daniel Pearl","display":"Daniel Pearl"},"pageid":202851,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/01/Daniel_pearl_highres.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":258,"height":387},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/01/Daniel_pearl_highres.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":258,"height":387},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372557107","tid":"0f13d53a-a5ce-11f1-892b-06c68c0bab8c","timestamp":"2026-09-01T06:26:26Z","description":"American journalist beheaded by militants in Pakistan (1963–2002)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pearl","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pearl?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pearl?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Daniel_Pearl"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pearl","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Daniel_Pearl","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Pearl?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Daniel_Pearl"}},"extract":"Daniel Pearl was an American journalist who worked for The Wall Street Journal. On January 23, 2002, he was kidnapped by jihadist militants while he was on his way to what he had expected would be an interview with Pakistani Islamic scholar Mubarak Ali Gilani in Karachi, Pakistan. Pearl had moved to Mumbai, India, upon taking up a regional posting by his newspaper and later entered Pakistan to cover the war on terror, which was launched by the United States in response to the September 11 attacks in 2001. At the time of his abduction, he had been investigating the alleged links between British citizen Richard Reid and Al-Qaeda; Reid had reportedly completed his training at a facility owned by Gilani, who had been accused by the United States of being affiliated with the Pakistani terrorist organization Jamaat ul-Fuqra.","extract_html":"Daniel Pearl was an American journalist who worked for The Wall Street Journal. On January 23, 2002, he was kidnapped by jihadist militants while he was on his way to what he had expected would be an interview with Pakistani Islamic scholar Mubarak Ali Gilani in Karachi, Pakistan. Pearl had moved to Mumbai, India, upon taking up a regional posting by his newspaper and later entered Pakistan to cover the war on terror, which was launched by the United States in response to the September 11 attacks in 2001. At the time of his abduction, he had been investigating the alleged links between British citizen Richard Reid and Al-Qaeda; Reid had reportedly completed his training at a facility owned by Gilani, who had been accused by the United States of being affiliated with the Pakistani terrorist organization Jamaat ul-Fuqra.
","normalizedtitle":"Daniel Pearl"},{"type":"standard","title":"Karachi","displaytitle":"Karachi","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q8660","titles":{"canonical":"Karachi","normalized":"Karachi","display":"Karachi"},"pageid":17123,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Jinnah_Mausoleum_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Jinnah_Mausoleum_%28cropped%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":190},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Jinnah_Mausoleum_%28cropped%29.JPG/3840px-Jinnah_Mausoleum_%28cropped%29.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4000,"height":2300},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374266154","tid":"8930212b-ad69-11f1-9df2-a160dcd963fd","timestamp":"2026-09-10T22:47:01Z","description":"Capital of Sindh, Pakistan","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":24.86,"lon":67.01},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Karachi"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Karachi","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Karachi"}},"extract":"Karachi is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Sindh. It is the largest city in Pakistan and the 11th largest in the world, with a population of over 20 million. Situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast, Karachi formerly served as the federal capital from 1947 to 1959. Ranked as a beta-global city, it is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre, with an estimated GDP of over $200 billion (PPP) as of 2021. Karachi is a major metropolitan area and is considered Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city, and among the country's most linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse regions, as well as one of the country's most progressive and socially liberal cities.","extract_html":"Karachi is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Sindh. It is the largest city in Pakistan and the 11th largest in the world, with a population of over 20 million. Situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast, Karachi formerly served as the federal capital from 1947 to 1959. Ranked as a beta-global city, it is Pakistan's premier industrial and financial centre, with an estimated GDP of over $200 billion (PPP) as of 2021. Karachi is a major metropolitan area and is considered Pakistan's most cosmopolitan city, and among the country's most linguistically, ethnically, and religiously diverse regions, as well as one of the country's most progressive and socially liberal cities.
","normalizedtitle":"Karachi"}],"year":2002},{"text":"Five people attempt to set themselves on fire in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, an act that many people later claim is staged by the Chinese Communist Party to frame Falun Gong and thus escalate their persecution.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident","displaytitle":"2001 Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2659241","titles":{"canonical":"2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident","normalized":"2001 Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident","display":"2001 Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident"},"pageid":6152882,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370713267","tid":"368dd40f-9e51-11f1-8f24-dceb542cc9d5","timestamp":"2026-08-22T17:45:07Z","description":"Incident in Beijing, China","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:2001_Tiananmen_Square_self-immolation_incident"}},"extract":"Five people set themselves on fire in Tiananmen Square in central Beijing, on the eve of Chinese New Year on 23 January 2001. There is controversy over the incident; Chinese government sources say that five members of Falun Gong, a religious movement banned in mainland China, set themselves on fire in the square. Falun Gong sources disputed the accuracy of these portrayals, and claimed that their teachings explicitly forbid violence or suicide. Some journalists have claimed the self-immolations were staged.","extract_html":"Five people set themselves on fire in Tiananmen Square in central Beijing, on the eve of Chinese New Year on 23 January 2001. There is controversy over the incident; Chinese government sources say that five members of Falun Gong, a religious movement banned in mainland China, set themselves on fire in the square. Falun Gong sources disputed the accuracy of these portrayals, and claimed that their teachings explicitly forbid violence or suicide. Some journalists have claimed the self-immolations were staged.
","normalizedtitle":"2001 Tiananmen Square self-immolation incident"},{"type":"standard","title":"Tiananmen_Square","displaytitle":"Tiananmen Square","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q164055","titles":{"canonical":"Tiananmen_Square","normalized":"Tiananmen Square","display":"Tiananmen Square"},"pageid":21193952,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Tiananmen_Square_%2854137047250%29.jpg/330px-Tiananmen_Square_%2854137047250%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":207},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Tiananmen_Square_%2854137047250%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2560,"height":1607},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371276632","tid":"6cc09326-a09f-11f1-8832-eba5c3da9866","timestamp":"2026-08-25T16:10:01Z","description":"Public square in Beijing, China","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":39.90333333,"lon":116.39166667},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tiananmen_Square"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tiananmen_Square","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiananmen_Square?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tiananmen_Square"}},"extract":"Tiananmen Square or Tian'anmen Square is a city square in the city centre of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen located to its north, which separates it from the Forbidden City imperial palace complex. The square holds the Monument to the People's Heroes, the Great Hall of the People, the National Museum of China, and the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. They were inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2024 as a part of the Beijing Central Axis.","extract_html":"Tiananmen Square or Tian'anmen Square is a city square in the city centre of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen located to its north, which separates it from the Forbidden City imperial palace complex. The square holds the Monument to the People's Heroes, the Great Hall of the People, the National Museum of China, and the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. They were inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2024 as a part of the Beijing Central Axis.
","normalizedtitle":"Tiananmen Square"},{"type":"standard","title":"Chinese_Communist_Party","displaytitle":"Chinese Communist Party","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q17427","titles":{"canonical":"Chinese_Communist_Party","normalized":"Chinese Communist Party","display":"Chinese Communist Party"},"pageid":7175,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/330px-Danghui.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Danghui.svg/330px-Danghui.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":320,"height":320},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374349428","tid":"50815da5-ade4-11f1-a715-693a677a8b88","timestamp":"2026-09-11T13:25:54Z","description":"Governing party of the People's Republic of China","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Chinese_Communist_Party"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Chinese_Communist_Party","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Chinese_Communist_Party"}},"extract":"The Communist Party of China (CPC), commonly known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP won the Chinese Civil War against the Kuomintang and proclaimed the establishment of the PRC under the chairmanship of Mao Zedong in October 1949. The CCP has since governed China and has had sole control over the country's armed forces and law enforcement. As of 2025, the CCP has more than 101 million members, making it the second largest political party by membership in the world.","extract_html":"The Communist Party of China (CPC), commonly known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP won the Chinese Civil War against the Kuomintang and proclaimed the establishment of the PRC under the chairmanship of Mao Zedong in October 1949. The CCP has since governed China and has had sole control over the country's armed forces and law enforcement. As of 2025, the CCP has more than 101 million members, making it the second largest political party by membership in the world.
","normalizedtitle":"Chinese Communist Party"},{"type":"standard","title":"Falun_Gong","displaytitle":"Falun Gong","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q185802","titles":{"canonical":"Falun_Gong","normalized":"Falun Gong","display":"Falun Gong"},"pageid":55174,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Falun_Gong_emblem.svg/330px-Falun_Gong_emblem.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Falun_Gong_emblem.svg/500px-Falun_Gong_emblem.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":443,"height":443},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374347916","tid":"537b4e14-ade2-11f1-b9c3-0545dd3ab101","timestamp":"2026-09-11T13:11:40Z","description":"New religious movement from China","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Falun_Gong"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Falun_Gong","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falun_Gong?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Falun_Gong"}},"extract":"Falun Gong, also called Falun Dafa, is a new religious movement founded by Li Hongzhi in China in the early 1990s. The movement was built on interest in qigong with additional religious and moralistic dimensions, and includes claims that its practices can cure illness, including serious or terminal illnesses, without modern medicine. It gained popularity in part through its health claims and practitioners' beliefs in their effectiveness. Falun Gong has its global headquarters in Dragon Springs, a 173-hectare (427-acre) compound in Deerpark, New York, United States, near the residence of Li.","extract_html":"Falun Gong, also called Falun Dafa, is a new religious movement founded by Li Hongzhi in China in the early 1990s. The movement was built on interest in qigong with additional religious and moralistic dimensions, and includes claims that its practices can cure illness, including serious or terminal illnesses, without modern medicine. It gained popularity in part through its health claims and practitioners' beliefs in their effectiveness. Falun Gong has its global headquarters in Dragon Springs, a 173-hectare (427-acre) compound in Deerpark, New York, United States, near the residence of Li.
","normalizedtitle":"Falun Gong"},{"type":"standard","title":"Persecution_of_Falun_Gong","displaytitle":"Persecution of Falun Gong","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3110177","titles":{"canonical":"Persecution_of_Falun_Gong","normalized":"Persecution of Falun Gong","display":"Persecution of Falun Gong"},"pageid":23789917,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Speaker_at_Washington_DC._STOP_the_Persecution_of_Falun_Gong.jpg/330px-Speaker_at_Washington_DC._STOP_the_Persecution_of_Falun_Gong.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":213},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Speaker_at_Washington_DC._STOP_the_Persecution_of_Falun_Gong.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":864,"height":557},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372866600","tid":"15ea39c6-a6f7-11f1-bdbd-d1e54cc2044b","timestamp":"2026-09-02T17:52:38Z","description":"","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Persecution_of_Falun_Gong"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Persecution_of_Falun_Gong"}},"extract":"In 1999, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) initiated an ongoing campaign to eliminate the new religious movement Falun Gong in China, maintaining a doctrine of state atheism. It is characterized by a multifaceted propaganda campaign, a program of enforced ideological conversion and re-education and reportedly a variety of extralegal coercive measures such as arbitrary arrests, forced labor and physical torture, sometimes resulting in death.","extract_html":"In 1999, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) initiated an ongoing campaign to eliminate the new religious movement Falun Gong in China, maintaining a doctrine of state atheism. It is characterized by a multifaceted propaganda campaign, a program of enforced ideological conversion and re-education and reportedly a variety of extralegal coercive measures such as arbitrary arrests, forced labor and physical torture, sometimes resulting in death.
","normalizedtitle":"Persecution of Falun Gong"}],"year":2001},{"text":"Netscape announces Mozilla, with the intention to release Communicator code as open source.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Netscape","displaytitle":"Netscape","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q210057","titles":{"canonical":"Netscape","normalized":"Netscape","display":"Netscape"},"pageid":21979,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370163919","tid":"0389dff9-9bd2-11f1-95c4-497241bee7ec","timestamp":"2026-08-19T13:29:33Z","description":"American computer services company","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Netscape"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Netscape","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netscape?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Netscape"}},"extract":"Netscape Communications Corporation was an American independent computer services company with headquarters in Mountain View, California, and then Dulles, Virginia. Its Netscape web browser was once dominant but lost to Internet Explorer and other competitors in the first browser war, with its market share falling from more than 90 percent in the mid-1990s to less than one percent in 2006. An early Netscape employee, Brendan Eich, created the JavaScript programming language, the most widely used language for client-side scripting of web pages. A founding engineer of Netscape, Lou Montulli, created HTTP cookies. The company also developed SSL which was used for securing online communications and was later renamed to TLS.","extract_html":"Netscape Communications Corporation was an American independent computer services company with headquarters in Mountain View, California, and then Dulles, Virginia. Its Netscape web browser was once dominant but lost to Internet Explorer and other competitors in the first browser war, with its market share falling from more than 90 percent in the mid-1990s to less than one percent in 2006. An early Netscape employee, Brendan Eich, created the JavaScript programming language, the most widely used language for client-side scripting of web pages. A founding engineer of Netscape, Lou Montulli, created HTTP cookies. The company also developed SSL which was used for securing online communications and was later renamed to TLS.
","normalizedtitle":"Netscape"},{"type":"standard","title":"Mozilla","displaytitle":"Mozilla","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q9661","titles":{"canonical":"Mozilla","normalized":"Mozilla","display":"Mozilla"},"pageid":36754915,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373283528","tid":"f822fc4c-a8cd-11f1-856c-29ecd84daf05","timestamp":"2026-09-05T02:03:21Z","description":"Free and open-source software community, developer of Firefox and Thunderbird","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mozilla"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Mozilla","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mozilla"}},"extract":"Mozilla is a free software community founded in 1998 by members of Netscape. The Mozilla community uses, develops, publishes, and supports Mozilla products, thereby promoting free software and open standards. The community is supported institutionally by the non-profit Mozilla Foundation and its tax-paying subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation.","extract_html":"Mozilla is a free software community founded in 1998 by members of Netscape. The Mozilla community uses, develops, publishes, and supports Mozilla products, thereby promoting free software and open standards. The community is supported institutionally by the non-profit Mozilla Foundation and its tax-paying subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation.
","normalizedtitle":"Mozilla"},{"type":"standard","title":"Open-source_software","displaytitle":"Open-source software","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1130645","titles":{"canonical":"Open-source_software","normalized":"Open-source software","display":"Open-source software"},"pageid":277663,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Debian_13_with_FOSS_software_open.png/330px-Debian_13_with_FOSS_software_open.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":186},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Debian_13_with_FOSS_software_open.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1920,"height":1080},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374066401","tid":"c9f640f2-ac6c-11f1-a384-a22cb0e5e84e","timestamp":"2026-09-09T16:37:47Z","description":"Software with publicly available source code","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Open-source_software"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Open-source_software","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Open-source_software"}},"extract":"Open-source software (OSS) is computer software whose source code is publicly available, allowing users to use, study, modify, and distribute it — in contrast with proprietary (closed-source) software. These abilities are typically granted through open licenses or, more rarely, by dedication to the public domain. The development of open-source software can be based on open collaboration, a decentralized model of production. It is commonly defined according to the Open Source Definition of the Open Source Initiative, but the precise meaning of open source remains a source of conflicts.","extract_html":"Open-source software (OSS) is computer software whose source code is publicly available, allowing users to use, study, modify, and distribute it — in contrast with proprietary (closed-source) software. These abilities are typically granted through open licenses or, more rarely, by dedication to the public domain. The development of open-source software can be based on open collaboration, a decentralized model of production. It is commonly defined according to the Open Source Definition of the Open Source Initiative, but the precise meaning of open source remains a source of conflicts.
","normalizedtitle":"Open-source software"}],"year":1998},{"text":"Madeleine Albright becomes the first woman to serve as United States Secretary of State.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Madeleine_Albright","displaytitle":"Madeleine Albright","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q174438","titles":{"canonical":"Madeleine_Albright","normalized":"Madeleine Albright","display":"Madeleine Albright"},"pageid":133249,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Secalbright.jpg/330px-Secalbright.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":369},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Secalbright.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1368,"height":1528},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373374361","tid":"9acd8eef-a94b-11f1-86ed-ad7ca4953699","timestamp":"2026-09-05T17:02:41Z","description":"American diplomat and political scientist (1937–2022)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Albright","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Albright?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Albright?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Madeleine_Albright"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Albright","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Madeleine_Albright","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleine_Albright?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Madeleine_Albright"}},"extract":"Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright was an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the 64th United States secretary of state under President Bill Clinton from 1997 to 2001. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman to hold the position.","extract_html":"Madeleine Jana Korbel Albright was an American diplomat and political scientist who served as the 64th United States secretary of state under President Bill Clinton from 1997 to 2001. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman to hold the position.
","normalizedtitle":"Madeleine Albright"},{"type":"standard","title":"United_States_Secretary_of_State","displaytitle":"United States Secretary of State","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q14213","titles":{"canonical":"United_States_Secretary_of_State","normalized":"United States Secretary of State","display":"United States Secretary of State"},"pageid":32293,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/330px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/960px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":890,"height":890},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373816862","tid":"607116d8-ab30-11f1-888a-69d0b1a81cdb","timestamp":"2026-09-08T02:52:49Z","description":"Head of the US Department of State","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:United_States_Secretary_of_State"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/United_States_Secretary_of_State","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:United_States_Secretary_of_State"}},"extract":"The United States secretary of state (SecState) is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State, equivalent to a minister of foreign affairs.","extract_html":"The United States secretary of state (SecState) is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State, equivalent to a minister of foreign affairs.
","normalizedtitle":"United States Secretary of State"}],"year":1997},{"text":"Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan sends a \"letter of death\" to Somali President Siad Barre, proposing the genocide of the Isaaq people.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan","displaytitle":"Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q610694","titles":{"canonical":"Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan","normalized":"Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan","display":"Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan"},"pageid":8719210,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":372},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":377,"height":425},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371221111","tid":"7b358e99-a054-11f1-8299-ee8b5b5c395a","timestamp":"2026-08-25T07:13:33Z","description":"Somali Politician & General (1949-2025)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mohammed_Said_Hersi_Morgan"}},"extract":"Jaale Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan, better known as General Morgan, was a Somali politician and senior military official. He served as Minister of Public Works and Housing from 1989 to 1990 and was the last Minister of Defence under Siad Barre's regime. Additionally, he held various position including Chief Commander of the Somali Armed Forces.","extract_html":"Jaale Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan, better known as General Morgan, was a Somali politician and senior military official. He served as Minister of Public Works and Housing from 1989 to 1990 and was the last Minister of Defence under Siad Barre's regime. Additionally, he held various position including Chief Commander of the Somali Armed Forces.
","normalizedtitle":"Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan"},{"type":"standard","title":"Isaaq_genocide","displaytitle":"Isaaq genocide","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q28450472","titles":{"canonical":"Isaaq_genocide","normalized":"Isaaq genocide","display":"Isaaq genocide"},"pageid":52859198,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Exhumed_remains_of_victims_Isaaq_genocide.jpg/330px-Exhumed_remains_of_victims_Isaaq_genocide.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":186},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Exhumed_remains_of_victims_Isaaq_genocide.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3000,"height":1688},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373422508","tid":"a767ddb6-a977-11f1-9b05-2f1748f7bfc9","timestamp":"2026-09-05T22:18:00Z","description":"1987–1989 genocide of Isaaq in northern Somalia","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaaq_genocide","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaaq_genocide?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaaq_genocide?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Isaaq_genocide"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaaq_genocide","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Isaaq_genocide","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaaq_genocide?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Isaaq_genocide"}},"extract":"The Isaaq genocide also known as the Hargeisa Holocaust, was the systematic, state-sponsored genocide of Isaaq civilians between 1987 and 1989, during the Somaliland War of Independence. It was carried out under the dictatorship of Siad Barre, president of the Somali Democratic Republic. The number of civilian deaths is estimated to be between 50,000 and 200,000.","extract_html":"The Isaaq genocide also known as the Hargeisa Holocaust, was the systematic, state-sponsored genocide of Isaaq civilians between 1987 and 1989, during the Somaliland War of Independence. It was carried out under the dictatorship of Siad Barre, president of the Somali Democratic Republic. The number of civilian deaths is estimated to be between 50,000 and 200,000.
","normalizedtitle":"Isaaq genocide"},{"type":"standard","title":"Siad_Barre","displaytitle":"Siad Barre","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q209828","titles":{"canonical":"Siad_Barre","normalized":"Siad Barre","display":"Siad Barre"},"pageid":242376,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Official_portrait_of_Major_General_Siad_Barre.jpg/330px-Official_portrait_of_Major_General_Siad_Barre.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":413},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Official_portrait_of_Major_General_Siad_Barre.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":900,"height":1125},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373150367","tid":"0d9a1540-a839-11f1-bae9-7c1792e053a0","timestamp":"2026-09-04T08:17:22Z","description":"President of Somalia from 1969 to 1991","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siad_Barre","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siad_Barre?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siad_Barre?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Siad_Barre"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siad_Barre","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Siad_Barre","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siad_Barre?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Siad_Barre"}},"extract":"Mohammed Siad Barre was a Somali military officer, politician, and revolutionary who served as the third president of Somalia from 21 October 1969 to 26 January 1991.","extract_html":"Mohammed Siad Barre was a Somali military officer, politician, and revolutionary who served as the third president of Somalia from 21 October 1969 to 26 January 1991.
","normalizedtitle":"Siad Barre"}],"year":1987},{"text":"The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducts its first members: Little Richard, Chuck Berry, James Brown, Ray Charles, Sam Cooke, Fats Domino, The Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame","displaytitle":"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q179191","titles":{"canonical":"Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame","normalized":"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame","display":"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"},"pageid":58902,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_-_Joy_of_Museums_1.jpg/330px-Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_-_Joy_of_Museums_1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_-_Joy_of_Museums_1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2736,"height":1824},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373406244","tid":"839b9c43-a965-11f1-8be3-be53098d548b","timestamp":"2026-09-05T20:08:09Z","description":"Music museum in Cleveland, Ohio, US","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":41.50861111,"lon":-81.69555556},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame"}},"extract":"The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (RRHOF), also simply referred to as the Rock Hall, is a museum and hall of fame located in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States, on the shore of Lake Erie. The museum documents the history of rock music and the artists, producers, engineers, and other personnel who have influenced its development.","extract_html":"The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (RRHOF), also simply referred to as the Rock Hall, is a museum and hall of fame located in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States, on the shore of Lake Erie. The museum documents the history of rock music and the artists, producers, engineers, and other personnel who have influenced its development.
","normalizedtitle":"Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"},{"type":"standard","title":"Little_Richard","displaytitle":"Little Richard","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q82222","titles":{"canonical":"Little_Richard","normalized":"Little Richard","display":"Little Richard"},"pageid":147073,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Little_Richard_1984_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Little_Richard_1984_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":421},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Little_Richard_1984_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1316,"height":1678},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374294851","tid":"c2798915-ad8b-11f1-8b01-d511b8598e50","timestamp":"2026-09-11T02:52:00Z","description":"American musician and songwriter (1932–2020)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Little_Richard"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Little_Richard","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Richard?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Little_Richard"}},"extract":"Richard Wayne Penniman, better known by his stage name Little Richard, was an American singer-songwriter and pianist. He was an influential figure in popular music and culture for seven decades. Referred to as the \"Architect of Rock and Roll\", Richard's most celebrated work dates from the mid-1950s, when his charismatic showmanship and dynamic music, characterized by frenetic piano playing, pounding backbeat and powerful raspy vocals, laid the foundation for rock and roll. Richard's innovative emotive vocalizations and uptempo rhythmic music played a key role in the formation of other popular music genres, including soul and funk. He influenced singers and musicians across musical genres and his music helped shape rhythm and blues for generations.","extract_html":"Richard Wayne Penniman, better known by his stage name Little Richard, was an American singer-songwriter and pianist. He was an influential figure in popular music and culture for seven decades. Referred to as the \"Architect of Rock and Roll\", Richard's most celebrated work dates from the mid-1950s, when his charismatic showmanship and dynamic music, characterized by frenetic piano playing, pounding backbeat and powerful raspy vocals, laid the foundation for rock and roll. Richard's innovative emotive vocalizations and uptempo rhythmic music played a key role in the formation of other popular music genres, including soul and funk. He influenced singers and musicians across musical genres and his music helped shape rhythm and blues for generations.
","normalizedtitle":"Little Richard"},{"type":"standard","title":"Chuck_Berry","displaytitle":"Chuck Berry","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5921","titles":{"canonical":"Chuck_Berry","normalized":"Chuck Berry","display":"Chuck Berry"},"pageid":45964,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Chuck_Berry_1957.jpg/330px-Chuck_Berry_1957.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":417},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Chuck_Berry_1957.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1234,"height":1558},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373675468","tid":"9c50a557-aa88-11f1-ae8b-ec1696fbdc5f","timestamp":"2026-09-07T06:51:54Z","description":"American musician (1926–2017)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Chuck_Berry"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Chuck_Berry","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck_Berry?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Chuck_Berry"}},"extract":"Charles Edward Anderson Berry was an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter who was one of the pioneers of rock and roll. Nicknamed the \"Father of Rock and Roll\", he refined and developed rhythm and blues into the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive with songs such as \"Maybellene\" (1955), \"Roll Over Beethoven\" (1956), \"Rock and Roll Music\" (1957), and \"Johnny B. Goode\" (1958). Writing lyrics that focused on teen life and consumerism, and developing a music style that included guitar solos and showmanship, Berry was a major influence on subsequent rock music.","extract_html":"Charles Edward Anderson Berry was an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter who was one of the pioneers of rock and roll. Nicknamed the \"Father of Rock and Roll\", he refined and developed rhythm and blues into the major elements that made rock and roll distinctive with songs such as \"Maybellene\" (1955), \"Roll Over Beethoven\" (1956), \"Rock and Roll Music\" (1957), and \"Johnny B. Goode\" (1958). Writing lyrics that focused on teen life and consumerism, and developing a music style that included guitar solos and showmanship, Berry was a major influence on subsequent rock music.
","normalizedtitle":"Chuck Berry"},{"type":"standard","title":"James_Brown","displaytitle":"James Brown","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5950","titles":{"canonical":"James_Brown","normalized":"James Brown","display":"James Brown"},"pageid":15766,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/James_Brown_1996_%28HQ%29.jpg/330px-James_Brown_1996_%28HQ%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":471},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/James_Brown_1996_%28HQ%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1500,"height":2140},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373788753","tid":"914256c2-ab12-11f1-9043-e2e74f3fb11d","timestamp":"2026-09-07T23:19:26Z","description":"American musician (1933–2006)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Brown","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Brown?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Brown?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Brown"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Brown","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/James_Brown","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Brown?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Brown"}},"extract":"James Joseph Brown was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, musician, and record producer. The central progenitor of funk music and a major figure of 20th-century music, he is referred to by various nicknames, among them \"Mr. Dynamite\", \"the Hardest-Working Man in Show Business\", \"Minister of New Super Heavy Funk\", \"Godfather of Soul\", \"King of Soul\", and \"Soul Brother No. 1\". In a career that lasted more than 50 years, he influenced the development of several music genres. Brown was one of the first ten inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on January 23, 1986. His music has been heavily sampled by hip-hop musicians and other artists.","extract_html":"James Joseph Brown was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, musician, and record producer. The central progenitor of funk music and a major figure of 20th-century music, he is referred to by various nicknames, among them \"Mr. Dynamite\", \"the Hardest-Working Man in Show Business\", \"Minister of New Super Heavy Funk\", \"Godfather of Soul\", \"King of Soul\", and \"Soul Brother No. 1\". In a career that lasted more than 50 years, he influenced the development of several music genres. Brown was one of the first ten inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on January 23, 1986. His music has been heavily sampled by hip-hop musicians and other artists.
","normalizedtitle":"James Brown"},{"type":"standard","title":"Ray_Charles","displaytitle":"Ray Charles","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q544387","titles":{"canonical":"Ray_Charles","normalized":"Ray Charles","display":"Ray Charles"},"pageid":147311,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg/330px-Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":389},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Ray_Charles_classic_piano_pose.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":850,"height":1002},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372693686","tid":"9867edba-a648-11f1-901b-bc091c154ba1","timestamp":"2026-09-01T21:03:35Z","description":"American singer, songwriter and pianist (1930–2004)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ray_Charles"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ray_Charles","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Charles?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ray_Charles"}},"extract":"Ray Charles Robinson was an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. He is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century and was often referred to by contemporaries as \"The Genius\". Among friends and fellow musicians, Charles preferred being called \"Brother Ray\". He lost his vision as a child, possibly due to glaucoma, and consequently wore dark glasses.","extract_html":"Ray Charles Robinson was an American singer, songwriter, and pianist. He is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century and was often referred to by contemporaries as \"The Genius\". Among friends and fellow musicians, Charles preferred being called \"Brother Ray\". He lost his vision as a child, possibly due to glaucoma, and consequently wore dark glasses.
","normalizedtitle":"Ray Charles"},{"type":"standard","title":"Sam_Cooke","displaytitle":"Sam Cooke","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q295919","titles":{"canonical":"Sam_Cooke","normalized":"Sam Cooke","display":"Sam Cooke"},"pageid":147343,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Sam_Cooke_2.jpg/330px-Sam_Cooke_2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":615},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Sam_Cooke_2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":891,"height":1660},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373574241","tid":"126cef66-aa20-11f1-a267-82606f2c4c76","timestamp":"2026-09-06T18:23:35Z","description":"American singer and songwriter (1931–1964)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Cooke","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Cooke?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Cooke?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Sam_Cooke"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Cooke","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Sam_Cooke","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Cooke?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Sam_Cooke"}},"extract":"Samuel Cooke was an American soul singer and songwriter. Considered one of the most influential soul artists of all time, Cooke is commonly referred to as the \"King of Soul\" for his distinctive vocals, pioneering contributions to the genre, and significance in popular music. During his thirteen-year career, Cooke released 29 singles that charted in the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100 chart, as well as 20 singles in the Top 10 of Billboard's Black Singles chart. In 1964, he was shot and killed by the manager of a motel in Los Angeles. His family has since questioned the circumstances of his death.\nIn 2015, Cooke was ranked number 28 in Billboard magazine's list of the \"35 Greatest R&B Artists of All Time\" and number 3 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the \"200 Greatest Singers of All Time\", behind only Whitney Houston and Aretha Franklin.","extract_html":"Samuel Cooke was an American soul singer and songwriter. Considered one of the most influential soul artists of all time, Cooke is commonly referred to as the \"King of Soul\" for his distinctive vocals, pioneering contributions to the genre, and significance in popular music. During his thirteen-year career, Cooke released 29 singles that charted in the Top 40 of the Billboard Hot 100 chart, as well as 20 singles in the Top 10 of Billboard's Black Singles chart. In 1964, he was shot and killed by the manager of a motel in Los Angeles. His family has since questioned the circumstances of his death.\nIn 2015, Cooke was ranked number 28 in Billboard magazine's list of the \"35 Greatest R&B Artists of All Time\" and number 3 in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the \"200 Greatest Singers of All Time\", behind only Whitney Houston and Aretha Franklin.
","normalizedtitle":"Sam Cooke"},{"type":"standard","title":"Fats_Domino","displaytitle":"Fats Domino","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q209586","titles":{"canonical":"Fats_Domino","normalized":"Fats Domino","display":"Fats Domino"},"pageid":147321,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Fats_Domino_in_Amsterdam_1962_%28crop%29.jpg/330px-Fats_Domino_in_Amsterdam_1962_%28crop%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":485},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Fats_Domino_in_Amsterdam_1962_%28crop%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1264,"height":1859},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371000867","tid":"56fb823a-9f66-11f1-88b3-8eb03e95ddbf","timestamp":"2026-08-24T02:48:52Z","description":"American pianist and singer (1928–2017)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Domino","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Domino?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Domino?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fats_Domino"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Domino","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Fats_Domino","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fats_Domino?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fats_Domino"}},"extract":"Antoine Caliste \"Fats\" Domino Jr. was an American singer-songwriter and pianist. One of the pioneers of rock and roll music, Domino sold more than 65 million records. Born in New Orleans to a French Creole family, Domino signed to Imperial Records in 1949. His first single \"The Fat Man\" is cited by some historians as the first rock and roll single and the first to sell more than 1 million copies. Domino continued to work with the song's co-writer Dave Bartholomew, contributing his distinctive rolling piano style to Lloyd Price's \"Lawdy Miss Clawdy\" (1952) and scoring a string of mainstream hits beginning with \"Ain't That a Shame\" (1955). Between 1955 and 1960, he had eleven Top 10 US pop hits. By 1955, five of his records had sold more than a million copies, being certified gold.","extract_html":"Antoine Caliste \"Fats\" Domino Jr. was an American singer-songwriter and pianist. One of the pioneers of rock and roll music, Domino sold more than 65 million records. Born in New Orleans to a French Creole family, Domino signed to Imperial Records in 1949. His first single \"The Fat Man\" is cited by some historians as the first rock and roll single and the first to sell more than 1 million copies. Domino continued to work with the song's co-writer Dave Bartholomew, contributing his distinctive rolling piano style to Lloyd Price's \"Lawdy Miss Clawdy\" (1952) and scoring a string of mainstream hits beginning with \"Ain't That a Shame\" (1955). Between 1955 and 1960, he had eleven Top 10 US pop hits. By 1955, five of his records had sold more than a million copies, being certified gold.
","normalizedtitle":"Fats Domino"},{"type":"standard","title":"The_Everly_Brothers","displaytitle":"The Everly Brothers","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q690138","titles":{"canonical":"The_Everly_Brothers","normalized":"The Everly Brothers","display":"The Everly Brothers"},"pageid":102943,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/The_Everly_Brothers_Publicity_Photo%2C_1965.jpg/330px-The_Everly_Brothers_Publicity_Photo%2C_1965.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":403},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/The_Everly_Brothers_Publicity_Photo%2C_1965.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1063,"height":1297},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373711212","tid":"8f9e6eb7-aac5-11f1-9cc9-35827288440c","timestamp":"2026-09-07T14:08:12Z","description":"American musical duo","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:The_Everly_Brothers"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/The_Everly_Brothers","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Everly_Brothers?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:The_Everly_Brothers"}},"extract":"The Everly Brothers were an American musical duo known for steel-string acoustic guitar playing and close-harmony singing. Consisting of Isaac Donald \"Don\" Everly and Phillip \"Phil\" Everly, the duo combined elements of rock and roll, country, and pop, becoming pioneers of country rock.","extract_html":"The Everly Brothers were an American musical duo known for steel-string acoustic guitar playing and close-harmony singing. Consisting of Isaac Donald \"Don\" Everly and Phillip \"Phil\" Everly, the duo combined elements of rock and roll, country, and pop, becoming pioneers of country rock.
","normalizedtitle":"The Everly Brothers"},{"type":"standard","title":"Buddy_Holly","displaytitle":"Buddy Holly","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5977","titles":{"canonical":"Buddy_Holly","normalized":"Buddy Holly","display":"Buddy Holly"},"pageid":4408,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Buddy_Holly_Brunswick_Records.jpg/330px-Buddy_Holly_Brunswick_Records.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":386},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Buddy_Holly_Brunswick_Records.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2926,"height":3422},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374296195","tid":"e5a538cb-ad8d-11f1-9c47-39dcc6ff25db","timestamp":"2026-09-11T03:07:18Z","description":"American musician (1936–1959)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Holly","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Holly?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Holly?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Buddy_Holly"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Holly","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Buddy_Holly","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy_Holly?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Buddy_Holly"}},"extract":"Charles Hardin Holley, known professionally by his stage name Buddy Holly, was an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist who was a central and pioneering figure of rock and roll. He was born to a musical family in Lubbock, Texas, during the Great Depression, and learned to play guitar and sing alongside his two siblings.","extract_html":"Charles Hardin Holley, known professionally by his stage name Buddy Holly, was an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist who was a central and pioneering figure of rock and roll. He was born to a musical family in Lubbock, Texas, during the Great Depression, and learned to play guitar and sing alongside his two siblings.
","normalizedtitle":"Buddy Holly"},{"type":"standard","title":"Jerry_Lee_Lewis","displaytitle":"Jerry Lee Lewis","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q202729","titles":{"canonical":"Jerry_Lee_Lewis","normalized":"Jerry Lee Lewis","display":"Jerry Lee Lewis"},"pageid":98419,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Jerry_Lee_Lewis_1950s_publicity_photo_cropped_retouched.jpg/330px-Jerry_Lee_Lewis_1950s_publicity_photo_cropped_retouched.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":427},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Jerry_Lee_Lewis_1950s_publicity_photo_cropped_retouched.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":606,"height":784},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374245086","tid":"52014824-ad50-11f1-a23a-bc88794912a6","timestamp":"2026-09-10T19:46:31Z","description":"American musician (1935–2022)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jerry_Lee_Lewis"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jerry_Lee_Lewis","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jerry_Lee_Lewis"}},"extract":"Jerry Lee Lewis was an American country music and rock and roll pianist, singer, and songwriter. Nicknamed \"The Killer\", he was described as \"rock 'n' roll's first great wild man\". A pioneer of rock and roll and rockabilly music, Lewis made his first recordings in 1952 at Cosimo Matassa's J&M Studio in New Orleans, Louisiana, and early recordings in 1956 at Sun Records in Memphis, Tennessee. He later became known for his chart topping country music recordings from the 1960s and 1970s. \"Crazy Arms\" sold 300,000 copies in the Southern United States, but his 1957 hit \"Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On\" shot Lewis to worldwide fame. He followed this with the major hits \"Great Balls of Fire\", \"Breathless\", and \"High School Confidential\".","extract_html":"Jerry Lee Lewis was an American country music and rock and roll pianist, singer, and songwriter. Nicknamed \"The Killer\", he was described as \"rock 'n' roll's first great wild man\". A pioneer of rock and roll and rockabilly music, Lewis made his first recordings in 1952 at Cosimo Matassa's J&M Studio in New Orleans, Louisiana, and early recordings in 1956 at Sun Records in Memphis, Tennessee. He later became known for his chart topping country music recordings from the 1960s and 1970s. \"Crazy Arms\" sold 300,000 copies in the Southern United States, but his 1957 hit \"Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On\" shot Lewis to worldwide fame. He followed this with the major hits \"Great Balls of Fire\", \"Breathless\", and \"High School Confidential\".
","normalizedtitle":"Jerry Lee Lewis"},{"type":"standard","title":"Elvis_Presley","displaytitle":"Elvis Presley","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q303","titles":{"canonical":"Elvis_Presley","normalized":"Elvis Presley","display":"Elvis Presley"},"pageid":9288,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Elvis_Presley_promoting_Jailhouse_Rock.jpg/330px-Elvis_Presley_promoting_Jailhouse_Rock.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":426},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Elvis_Presley_promoting_Jailhouse_Rock.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2673,"height":3448},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374208165","tid":"c7efb81b-ad24-11f1-aa67-c562057e150a","timestamp":"2026-09-10T14:34:51Z","description":"American singer and actor (1935–1977)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elvis_Presley"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Elvis_Presley","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elvis_Presley"}},"extract":"Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Referred to as the \"King of Rock and Roll\", he is widely regarded as one of the most culturally significant figures of the 20th century. Presley's energetic and sexually provocative performance style, combined with a mixture of influences across color lines during a transformative era in race relations, brought both great success and initial controversy.","extract_html":"Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Referred to as the \"King of Rock and Roll\", he is widely regarded as one of the most culturally significant figures of the 20th century. Presley's energetic and sexually provocative performance style, combined with a mixture of influences across color lines during a transformative era in race relations, brought both great success and initial controversy.
","normalizedtitle":"Elvis Presley"}],"year":1986},{"text":"World Airways Flight 30 overshoots the runway at Logan International Airport in Boston, Massachusetts, and crashes into Boston Harbor. Two people are missing and presumed dead.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"World_Airways_Flight_30","displaytitle":"World Airways Flight 30","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q8035350","titles":{"canonical":"World_Airways_Flight_30","normalized":"World Airways Flight 30","display":"World Airways Flight 30"},"pageid":1849648,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/World_Airways_Flight_30%EF%BC%88N113WA%EF%BC%89_wreckage.jpg/330px-World_Airways_Flight_30%EF%BC%88N113WA%EF%BC%89_wreckage.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":202},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/World_Airways_Flight_30%EF%BC%88N113WA%EF%BC%89_wreckage.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1000,"height":613},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1357310614","tid":"3c54bde3-5e0c-11f1-b675-bf523c9b59ee","timestamp":"2026-06-01T22:50:07Z","description":"1982 aviation accident in Massachusetts","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":42.35083333,"lon":-70.98972222},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Airways_Flight_30","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Airways_Flight_30?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Airways_Flight_30?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:World_Airways_Flight_30"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Airways_Flight_30","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/World_Airways_Flight_30","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Airways_Flight_30?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:World_Airways_Flight_30"}},"extract":"World Airways Flight 30 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF airliner which suffered a fatal accident upon landing at Logan International Airport in Boston, skidding into Boston Harbor, on January 23, 1982. Two of the passengers were never found, and are presumed to have drowned.","extract_html":"World Airways Flight 30 was a McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF airliner which suffered a fatal accident upon landing at Logan International Airport in Boston, skidding into Boston Harbor, on January 23, 1982. Two of the passengers were never found, and are presumed to have drowned.
","normalizedtitle":"World Airways Flight 30"},{"type":"standard","title":"Logan_International_Airport","displaytitle":"Logan International Airport","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q671475","titles":{"canonical":"Logan_International_Airport","normalized":"Logan International Airport","display":"Logan International Airport"},"pageid":211579,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Boston_Logan_International_Airport_on_Massachusetts_Bay_%28iss072e311839%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Boston_Logan_International_Airport_on_Massachusetts_Bay_%28iss072e311839%29_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":268},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Boston_Logan_International_Airport_on_Massachusetts_Bay_%28iss072e311839%29_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2812,"height":2286},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374330250","tid":"42bde032-adc8-11f1-bb60-da4687d2d345","timestamp":"2026-09-11T10:05:05Z","description":"Airport serving Boston, Massachusetts, US","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":42.36305556,"lon":-71.00638889},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_International_Airport","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_International_Airport?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_International_Airport?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Logan_International_Airport"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_International_Airport","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Logan_International_Airport","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_International_Airport?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Logan_International_Airport"}},"extract":"General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport — more commonly known as Boston Logan International Airport — is an international airport located mostly in East Boston and partially in Winthrop, Massachusetts, United States. Covering 2,384 acres (965 ha), it has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems in which it is categorized as a large hub primary commercial service facility.","extract_html":"General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport — more commonly known as Boston Logan International Airport — is an international airport located mostly in East Boston and partially in Winthrop, Massachusetts, United States. Covering 2,384 acres (965 ha), it has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems in which it is categorized as a large hub primary commercial service facility.
","normalizedtitle":"Logan International Airport"},{"type":"standard","title":"Boston","displaytitle":"Boston","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q100","titles":{"canonical":"Boston","normalized":"Boston","display":"Boston"},"pageid":24437894,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/ISH_WC_Boston4.jpg/330px-ISH_WC_Boston4.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":215},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/ISH_WC_Boston4.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3008,"height":1960},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373266706","tid":"dae532b4-a8bb-11f1-a0ee-a17fb93809c3","timestamp":"2026-09-04T23:53:41Z","description":"Capital and largest city in Massachusetts, United States","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":42.36027778,"lon":-71.05777778},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Boston"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Boston","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Boston"}},"extract":"Boston is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It serves as a cultural and financial center of New England, a region of the Northeastern United States. Boston has an area of 48.4 square miles (125 km2) and a population of 675,647 as of the 2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in the Northeastern United States after New York City and Philadelphia. The larger Greater Boston metropolitan statistical area had a population of 5 million in 2025, making it the largest metropolis in New England and the eleventh-largest in the United States.","extract_html":"Boston is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It serves as a cultural and financial center of New England, a region of the Northeastern United States. Boston has an area of 48.4 square miles (125 km2) and a population of 675,647 as of the 2020 census, making it the third-most populous city in the Northeastern United States after New York City and Philadelphia. The larger Greater Boston metropolitan statistical area had a population of 5 million in 2025, making it the largest metropolis in New England and the eleventh-largest in the United States.
","normalizedtitle":"Boston"},{"type":"standard","title":"Massachusetts","displaytitle":"Massachusetts","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q771","titles":{"canonical":"Massachusetts","normalized":"Massachusetts","display":"Massachusetts"},"pageid":1645518,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/330px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":198},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/1920px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1500,"height":900},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373014900","tid":"ef360c5b-a7a3-11f1-ba03-a45150fa417c","timestamp":"2026-09-03T14:29:56Z","description":"U.S. state","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":42.3,"lon":-72},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Massachusetts"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Massachusetts","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Massachusetts"}},"extract":"Massachusetts, officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode Island to its south, New Hampshire and Vermont to its north, and New York to its west. Massachusetts is the seventh-smallest state by land area. With an estimated population of over 7.1 million, it is the most populous state in New England, the 16th-most-populous in the United States, and the third-most densely populated U.S. state after New Jersey and Rhode Island.","extract_html":"Massachusetts, officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode Island to its south, New Hampshire and Vermont to its north, and New York to its west. Massachusetts is the seventh-smallest state by land area. With an estimated population of over 7.1 million, it is the most populous state in New England, the 16th-most-populous in the United States, and the third-most densely populated U.S. state after New Jersey and Rhode Island.
","normalizedtitle":"Massachusetts"},{"type":"standard","title":"Boston_Harbor","displaytitle":"Boston Harbor","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q894564","titles":{"canonical":"Boston_Harbor","normalized":"Boston Harbor","display":"Boston Harbor"},"pageid":1066561,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Bostonharbourtopomap.png/330px-Bostonharbourtopomap.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":189},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Bostonharbourtopomap.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1278,"height":732},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367055106","tid":"87a220ab-8d08-11f1-89df-84325d86c2b7","timestamp":"2026-07-31T17:52:00Z","description":"Estuary and harbor of Massachusetts Bay","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":42.34166667,"lon":-70.96611111},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Harbor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Harbor?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Harbor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Boston_Harbor"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Harbor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Boston_Harbor","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Harbor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Boston_Harbor"}},"extract":"Boston Harbor is a natural harbor and estuary of Massachusetts Bay, located adjacent to Boston, Massachusetts. It is home to the Port of Boston, a major shipping facility in the Northeastern United States.","extract_html":"Boston Harbor is a natural harbor and estuary of Massachusetts Bay, located adjacent to Boston, Massachusetts. It is home to the Port of Boston, a major shipping facility in the Northeastern United States.
","normalizedtitle":"Boston Harbor"}],"year":1982},{"text":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2) is attacked and seized by the Korean People's Navy.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)","displaytitle":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q712703","titles":{"canonical":"USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)","normalized":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2)","display":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2)"},"pageid":415946,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pueblo-at-Pyongyang-Museum-2014.jpg/330px-Pueblo-at-Pyongyang-Museum-2014.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Pueblo-at-Pyongyang-Museum-2014.jpg/3840px-Pueblo-at-Pyongyang-Museum-2014.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4608,"height":3456},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370752087","tid":"1e7d7c25-9e78-11f1-be91-cf35be48eaa5","timestamp":"2026-08-22T22:23:37Z","description":"Ship attacked and captured by North Korea","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":39.04055556,"lon":125.73972222},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:USS_Pueblo_(AGER-2)"}},"extract":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2) is a Banner-class technical research ship, placed into service during World War II, then converted to a spy ship in 1967 by the United States Navy. She gathered intelligence and oceanographic information, monitoring electronic and radio signals from North Korea. On 23 January 1968, the ship was attacked and captured by a North Korean vessel, in what became known as the \"Pueblo incident\".","extract_html":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2) is a Banner-class technical research ship, placed into service during World War II, then converted to a spy ship in 1967 by the United States Navy. She gathered intelligence and oceanographic information, monitoring electronic and radio signals from North Korea. On 23 January 1968, the ship was attacked and captured by a North Korean vessel, in what became known as the \"Pueblo incident\".
","normalizedtitle":"USS Pueblo (AGER-2)"},{"type":"standard","title":"Korean_People's_Navy","displaytitle":"Korean People's Navy","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1363476","titles":{"canonical":"Korean_People's_Navy","normalized":"Korean People's Navy","display":"Korean People's Navy"},"pageid":30858905,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Patch_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Navy.svg/330px-Patch_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Navy.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Patch_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Navy.svg/500px-Patch_of_the_Korean_People%27s_Navy.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":500,"height":500},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373394260","tid":"01a67452-a95b-11f1-8584-70e6cf96c372","timestamp":"2026-09-05T18:52:56Z","description":"Maritime warfare branch of North Korea's military","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People's_Navy","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People's_Navy?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People's_Navy?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Korean_People's_Navy"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People's_Navy","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Korean_People's_Navy","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_People's_Navy?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Korean_People's_Navy"}},"extract":"The Korean People's Army Navy is the naval component of the Korean People's Army, the North Korean armed forces.","extract_html":"The Korean People's Army Navy is the naval component of the Korean People's Army, the North Korean armed forces.
","normalizedtitle":"Korean People's Navy"}],"year":1968},{"text":"Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Ivory Coast are established.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Diplomacy","displaytitle":"Diplomacy","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1889","titles":{"canonical":"Diplomacy","normalized":"Diplomacy","display":"Diplomacy"},"pageid":28165911,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/UN_Headquarters_2.jpg/330px-UN_Headquarters_2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/UN_Headquarters_2.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2304,"height":3072},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373735034","tid":"e4021923-aade-11f1-98aa-2924bb527ee4","timestamp":"2026-09-07T17:09:31Z","description":"Practice of conducting negotiations between representatives of groups or states","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomacy","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomacy?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomacy?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Diplomacy"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomacy","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Diplomacy","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomacy?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Diplomacy"}},"extract":"Diplomacy is the communication by representatives of state, intergovernmental, or non-governmental institutions intended to influence events in the international system.","extract_html":"Diplomacy is the communication by representatives of state, intergovernmental, or non-governmental institutions intended to influence events in the international system.
","normalizedtitle":"Diplomacy"},{"type":"standard","title":"Soviet_Union","displaytitle":"Soviet Union","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q15180","titles":{"canonical":"Soviet_Union","normalized":"Soviet Union","display":"Soviet Union"},"pageid":26779,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":165},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1200,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374352481","tid":"524d1f88-ade8-11f1-9c79-a75552863bd2","timestamp":"2026-09-11T13:54:35Z","description":"Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Soviet_Union"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Soviet_Union","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Soviet_Union"}},"extract":"The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, the largest by area, and bordered twelve other countries. A diverse multinational state, it was organized as a federal union of national republics, with the largest and most populous being the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR). The world's flagship communist state, it was governed by the Communist Party under Marxism–Leninism, through soviet councils. The Soviet economy was also centrally planned. Its capital and largest city was Moscow.","extract_html":"The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from its formation in 1922 until its dissolution in 1991. It was the world's third-most populous country, the largest by area, and bordered twelve other countries. A diverse multinational state, it was organized as a federal union of national republics, with the largest and most populous being the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR). The world's flagship communist state, it was governed by the Communist Party under Marxism–Leninism, through soviet councils. The Soviet economy was also centrally planned. Its capital and largest city was Moscow.
","normalizedtitle":"Soviet Union"},{"type":"standard","title":"Ivory_Coast","displaytitle":"Ivory Coast","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1008","titles":{"canonical":"Ivory_Coast","normalized":"Ivory Coast","display":"Ivory Coast"},"pageid":57744,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/330px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/960px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":512,"height":341},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372841387","tid":"b92f546c-a6df-11f1-b950-71f5e5ed8cc3","timestamp":"2026-09-02T15:05:24Z","description":"Country in West Africa","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":8,"lon":-5},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ivory_Coast"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ivory_Coast","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ivory_Coast"}},"extract":"Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially as the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital city of Yamoussoukro is located in the centre of the country, while its largest city and economic centre is the port city of Abidjan. It borders Guinea to the northwest, Liberia to the west, Mali to the north, Burkina Faso to the northeast, Ghana to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean's Gulf of Guinea to the south. With 31.5 million inhabitants in 2024, Ivory Coast is the third-most populous country in West Africa after Nigeria and Ghana. Its official language is French, and indigenous languages are also widely used, including Bété, Baoulé, Dyula, Dan, Anyin, and Cebaara Senufo. In total, there are around 78 languages spoken in Ivory Coast. The country has a religiously diverse population, including numerous followers of Islam, Christianity and traditional faiths often entailing animism.","extract_html":"Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially as the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Its capital city of Yamoussoukro is located in the centre of the country, while its largest city and economic centre is the port city of Abidjan. It borders Guinea to the northwest, Liberia to the west, Mali to the north, Burkina Faso to the northeast, Ghana to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean's Gulf of Guinea to the south. With 31.5 million inhabitants in 2024, Ivory Coast is the third-most populous country in West Africa after Nigeria and Ghana. Its official language is French, and indigenous languages are also widely used, including Bété, Baoulé, Dyula, Dan, Anyin, and Cebaara Senufo. In total, there are around 78 languages spoken in Ivory Coast. The country has a religiously diverse population, including numerous followers of Islam, Christianity and traditional faiths often entailing animism.
","normalizedtitle":"Ivory Coast"}],"year":1967},{"text":"Milton Keynes (England) is founded as a new town by Order in Council, with a planning brief to become a city of 250,000 people. Its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty-one villages. The area to be developed was largely farmland, with evidence of continuous settlement dating back to the Bronze Age.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Milton_Keynes","displaytitle":"Milton Keynes","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q204234","titles":{"canonical":"Milton_Keynes","normalized":"Milton Keynes","display":"Milton Keynes"},"pageid":148642,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/MiltonKeynesChristtheCornerstone01.jpg/330px-MiltonKeynesChristtheCornerstone01.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/MiltonKeynesChristtheCornerstone01.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2304,"height":1536},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370290173","tid":"c8cf87d5-9c61-11f1-b690-71836f8f1c70","timestamp":"2026-08-20T06:38:42Z","description":"City in Buckinghamshire, England","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":52.04,"lon":-0.76},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Keynes","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Keynes?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Keynes?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Milton_Keynes"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Keynes","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Milton_Keynes","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Keynes?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Milton_Keynes"}},"extract":"Milton Keynes is a city in Buckinghamshire, England, about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of London. At the 2021 census, the population of its urban area was 264,349. The River Great Ouse forms the northern boundary of the urban area; a tributary, the River Ouzel, meanders through its linear parks and balancing lakes. Approximately 25% of the urban area is parkland or woodland, including two Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). By design, the city comprises many well-delineated neighbourhoods.","extract_html":"Milton Keynes is a city in Buckinghamshire, England, about 50 miles (80 km) north-west of London. At the 2021 census, the population of its urban area was 264,349. The River Great Ouse forms the northern boundary of the urban area; a tributary, the River Ouzel, meanders through its linear parks and balancing lakes. Approximately 25% of the urban area is parkland or woodland, including two Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). By design, the city comprises many well-delineated neighbourhoods.
","normalizedtitle":"Milton Keynes"},{"type":"standard","title":"New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom","displaytitle":"New towns in the United Kingdom","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q10270157","titles":{"canonical":"New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom","normalized":"New towns in the United Kingdom","display":"New towns in the United Kingdom"},"pageid":605942,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1358470887","tid":"8fd48498-6387-11f1-8406-13a746867e5a","timestamp":"2026-06-08T22:15:31Z","description":"Proposed towns in the UK following WWII","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom"}},"extract":"\n\nThe new towns in the United Kingdom were planned under the powers of the New Towns Act 1946 and later acts to relocate people from poor or bombed-out housing following World War II. Designated new towns were placed under the supervision of a development corporation, and were developed in three waves. Later developments included the \"expanded towns\": existing towns which were substantially expanded to accommodate what was called the \"overspill\" population from densely populated areas of deprivation.","extract_html":"\n\nThe new towns in the United Kingdom were planned under the powers of the New Towns Act 1946 and later acts to relocate people from poor or bombed-out housing following World War II. Designated new towns were placed under the supervision of a development corporation, and were developed in three waves. Later developments included the \"expanded towns\": existing towns which were substantially expanded to accommodate what was called the \"overspill\" population from densely populated areas of deprivation.
","normalizedtitle":"New towns in the United Kingdom"},{"type":"standard","title":"Order_in_Council","displaytitle":"Order in Council","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q899485","titles":{"canonical":"Order_in_Council","normalized":"Order in Council","display":"Order in Council"},"pageid":177692,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371859992","tid":"4d8f62b1-a336-11f1-b63e-f6c034abe30a","timestamp":"2026-08-28T23:15:05Z","description":"Legislative order in many countries","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_in_Council","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_in_Council?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_in_Council?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Order_in_Council"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_in_Council","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Order_in_Council","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_in_Council?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Order_in_Council"}},"extract":"An Order in Council is a type of legal instrument issued by the executive branch of a government, often the head of state or their representatives, on the advice of a cabinet or council of ministers. These instruments are used in several Commonwealth realms, with equivalent instruments also found in countries with a Westminster system of government. Although the specifics vary by country, Orders in Council typically allow the executive to make formal decisions or regulations without enacting new primary legislation.","extract_html":"An Order in Council is a type of legal instrument issued by the executive branch of a government, often the head of state or their representatives, on the advice of a cabinet or council of ministers. These instruments are used in several Commonwealth realms, with equivalent instruments also found in countries with a Westminster system of government. Although the specifics vary by country, Orders in Council typically allow the executive to make formal decisions or regulations without enacting new primary legislation.
","normalizedtitle":"Order in Council"},{"type":"standard","title":"History_of_Milton_Keynes","displaytitle":"History of Milton Keynes","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5865501","titles":{"canonical":"History_of_Milton_Keynes","normalized":"History of Milton Keynes","display":"History of Milton Keynes"},"pageid":7584306,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Milton_Keynes_Hoard.jpg/330px-Milton_Keynes_Hoard.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Milton_Keynes_Hoard.jpg/1920px-Milton_Keynes_Hoard.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":3456,"height":3456},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366818674","tid":"8a6d1be8-8c0f-11f1-b6ae-513ff4dfda97","timestamp":"2026-07-30T12:09:40Z","description":"History of the city in England","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Milton_Keynes","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Milton_Keynes?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Milton_Keynes?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:History_of_Milton_Keynes"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Milton_Keynes","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/History_of_Milton_Keynes","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Milton_Keynes?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:History_of_Milton_Keynes"}},"extract":"This history of Milton Keynes details its development from the earliest human settlements, through the plans for a 'new city' for 250,000 people in northern Southeast England, its subsequent urban design and development, to the present day. Milton Keynes, founded in 1967, is the largest settlement and only city in Buckinghamshire. At the 2021 census, the population of its urban area was estimated to have exceeded 256,000.","extract_html":"This history of Milton Keynes details its development from the earliest human settlements, through the plans for a 'new city' for 250,000 people in northern Southeast England, its subsequent urban design and development, to the present day. Milton Keynes, founded in 1967, is the largest settlement and only city in Buckinghamshire. At the 2021 census, the population of its urban area was estimated to have exceeded 256,000.
","normalizedtitle":"History of Milton Keynes"},{"type":"standard","title":"Bronze_Age","displaytitle":"Bronze Age","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q11761","titles":{"canonical":"Bronze_Age","normalized":"Bronze Age","display":"Bronze Age"},"pageid":4620,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Metallurgical_diffusion.svg/330px-Metallurgical_diffusion.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":219},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Metallurgical_diffusion.svg/3840px-Metallurgical_diffusion.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":2225,"height":1475},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373076817","tid":"0993d63d-a7ec-11f1-8cd5-9d157a88c85e","timestamp":"2026-09-03T23:06:04Z","description":"Historical period (c. 3300–1200 BCE)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bronze_Age"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Bronze_Age","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bronze_Age"}},"extract":"The Bronze Age is an archaeological and anthropological term defining a phase in the development of material culture among ancient societies in Asia, the Near East and Europe. An ancient civilisation or culture is deemed part of the Bronze Age if it either produced bronze by smelting its own copper and alloying it with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or traded other items for bronze from producing areas elsewhere. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of the three-age system, following the Stone Age and preceding the Iron Age. Conceived as a global era, the Bronze Age follows the Neolithic period, with a transition period between the two known as the Chalcolithic (\"copper-Stone\") Age. These technical developments took place at different times in different places, and therefore each region's history is framed by a different chronological system, but the Bronze Age had begun in much of the Old World by 3,000 BC.","extract_html":"The Bronze Age is an archaeological and anthropological term defining a phase in the development of material culture among ancient societies in Asia, the Near East and Europe. An ancient civilisation or culture is deemed part of the Bronze Age if it either produced bronze by smelting its own copper and alloying it with tin, arsenic, or other metals, or traded other items for bronze from producing areas elsewhere. The Bronze Age is the middle principal period of the three-age system, following the Stone Age and preceding the Iron Age. Conceived as a global era, the Bronze Age follows the Neolithic period, with a transition period between the two known as the Chalcolithic (\"copper-Stone\") Age. These technical developments took place at different times in different places, and therefore each region's history is framed by a different chronological system, but the Bronze Age had begun in much of the Old World by 3,000 BC.
","normalizedtitle":"Bronze Age"}],"year":1967},{"text":"The 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibiting the use of poll taxes in national elections, is ratified.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution","displaytitle":"Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q216963","titles":{"canonical":"Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution","normalized":"Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution","display":"Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution"},"pageid":70134,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/330px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":348},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/500px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":451,"height":476},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371643424","tid":"22bbe698-a232-11f1-91fc-71a365619e2f","timestamp":"2026-08-27T16:12:44Z","description":"1964 amendment prohibiting poll taxes","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution"}},"extract":"The Twenty-fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from requiring the payment of a poll tax or any other tax to vote in federal elections. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the states on January 23, 1964.","extract_html":"The Twenty-fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from requiring the payment of a poll tax or any other tax to vote in federal elections. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the states on January 23, 1964.
","normalizedtitle":"Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution"},{"type":"standard","title":"Constitution_of_the_United_States","displaytitle":"Constitution of the United States","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q11698","titles":{"canonical":"Constitution_of_the_United_States","normalized":"Constitution of the United States","display":"Constitution of the United States"},"pageid":31644,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Constitution_of_the_United_States_-_DPLA_-_9ca804144bd5965e992ae3528bc3c6a3_%28page_1%29.jpg/330px-Constitution_of_the_United_States_-_DPLA_-_9ca804144bd5965e992ae3528bc3c6a3_%28page_1%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":399},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Constitution_of_the_United_States_-_DPLA_-_9ca804144bd5965e992ae3528bc3c6a3_%28page_1%29.jpg/3840px-Constitution_of_the_United_States_-_DPLA_-_9ca804144bd5965e992ae3528bc3c6a3_%28page_1%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":7258,"height":8785},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369700538","tid":"83c001e2-998e-11f1-8721-e928dabcf1c8","timestamp":"2026-08-16T16:21:20Z","description":"Supreme law of the United States","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Constitution_of_the_United_States"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Constitution_of_the_United_States","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Constitution_of_the_United_States"}},"extract":"The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, on March 4, 1789. Originally including seven articles, the Constitution defined the foundational structure of the federal government.","extract_html":"The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, on March 4, 1789. Originally including seven articles, the Constitution defined the foundational structure of the federal government.
","normalizedtitle":"Constitution of the United States"},{"type":"standard","title":"Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States","displaytitle":"Poll taxes in the United States","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7503357","titles":{"canonical":"Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States","normalized":"Poll taxes in the United States","display":"Poll taxes in the United States"},"pageid":26726864,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/PollTaxRecieptJefferson1917.JPG/330px-PollTaxRecieptJefferson1917.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":154},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/PollTaxRecieptJefferson1917.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":819,"height":381},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372326388","tid":"c5b0830e-a50e-11f1-9098-377a1911e606","timestamp":"2026-08-31T07:37:09Z","description":"Tax required to vote","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Poll_taxes_in_the_United_States"}},"extract":"Poll taxes were used in the United States until they were outlawed under section 10 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Poll taxes had also been a major source of government funding among the colonies and states which went on to form the United States. Poll taxes became a tool of disenfranchisement in the South during Jim Crow, following the end of Reconstruction. The 24th Amendment, ratified January 23, 1964, abolished the use poll taxes for Federal elections in the United States. The operative clause reads:The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.","extract_html":"Poll taxes were used in the United States until they were outlawed under section 10 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Poll taxes had also been a major source of government funding among the colonies and states which went on to form the United States. Poll taxes became a tool of disenfranchisement in the South during Jim Crow, following the end of Reconstruction. The 24th Amendment, ratified January 23, 1964, abolished the use poll taxes for Federal elections in the United States. The operative clause reads:
","normalizedtitle":"Poll taxes in the United States"}],"year":1964},{"text":"The Guinea-Bissau War of Independence officially begins when PAIGC guerrilla fighters attack the Portuguese Army stationed in Tite.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence","displaytitle":"Guinea-Bissau War of Independence","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2609193","titles":{"canonical":"Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence","normalized":"Guinea-Bissau War of Independence","display":"Guinea-Bissau War of Independence"},"pageid":1109891,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_7_26_-_Portuguese_plane_shot_down_in_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tif/lossy-page1-330px-ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_7_26_-_Portuguese_plane_shot_down_in_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tif.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":222},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_7_26_-_Portuguese_plane_shot_down_in_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tif/lossy-page1-3840px-ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_7_26_-_Portuguese_plane_shot_down_in_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tif.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4796,"height":3221},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372113350","tid":"82e5a118-a463-11f1-b4e4-0c1868459e11","timestamp":"2026-08-30T11:11:13Z","description":"1963–1974 armed conflict in West Africa","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence"}},"extract":"The Guinea-Bissau War of Independence, also known as the Bissau-Guinean War of Independence, was an armed independence conflict that took place in Portuguese Guinea from 1963 to 1974. It was fought between Portugal and the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde, an armed independence movement backed by the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, Algeria and Guinea. The war is commonly referred to as \"Portugal's Vietnam\" because it was a protracted guerrilla war which had extremely high costs in men and material and which created significant internal political turmoil in Portugal.","extract_html":"The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
The Guinea-Bissau War of Independence, also known as the Bissau-Guinean War of Independence, was an armed independence conflict that took place in Portuguese Guinea from 1963 to 1974. It was fought between Portugal and the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde, an armed independence movement backed by the Soviet Union, China, Cuba, Algeria and Guinea. The war is commonly referred to as \"Portugal's Vietnam\" because it was a protracted guerrilla war which had extremely high costs in men and material and which created significant internal political turmoil in Portugal.
","normalizedtitle":"Guinea-Bissau War of Independence"},{"type":"standard","title":"African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde","displaytitle":"African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q776352","titles":{"canonical":"African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde","normalized":"African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde","display":"African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde"},"pageid":673439,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/03/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":250,"height":280},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/03/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":250,"height":280},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372113555","tid":"d5bf56d2-a463-11f1-87f1-c30ebb410120","timestamp":"2026-08-30T11:13:32Z","description":"Political party in Guinea-Bissau","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde"}},"extract":"The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde is a political party in Guinea-Bissau. Originally formed to peacefully campaign for independence from Portugal, the party turned to armed conflict in the 1960s and was one of the belligerents in the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence. Towards the end of the war, the party established a socialist one-party state, which remained intact until multi-party democracy was introduced in the early 1990s. Although the party won the first multi-party elections in 1994, it was removed from power in the 1999–2000 elections. However, it returned to office after winning parliamentary elections in 2004 and presidential elections in 2005, since which it has remained the largest party in the National People's Assembly.","extract_html":"The African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde is a political party in Guinea-Bissau. Originally formed to peacefully campaign for independence from Portugal, the party turned to armed conflict in the 1960s and was one of the belligerents in the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence. Towards the end of the war, the party established a socialist one-party state, which remained intact until multi-party democracy was introduced in the early 1990s. Although the party won the first multi-party elections in 1994, it was removed from power in the 1999–2000 elections. However, it returned to office after winning parliamentary elections in 2004 and presidential elections in 2005, since which it has remained the largest party in the National People's Assembly.
","normalizedtitle":"African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde"},{"type":"standard","title":"Portuguese_Army","displaytitle":"Portuguese Army","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2542269","titles":{"canonical":"Portuguese_Army","normalized":"Portuguese Army","display":"Portuguese Army"},"pageid":2714160,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/63/Portuguese_Army_Heraldry.gif?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":190,"height":240},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/63/Portuguese_Army_Heraldry.gif?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":190,"height":240},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371723793","tid":"f16f071c-a289-11f1-aa87-106cd6c589df","timestamp":"2026-08-28T02:41:17Z","description":"Land forces of the Armed Forces of Portugal","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Army","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Army?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Army?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Portuguese_Army"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Army","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Portuguese_Army","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Army?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Portuguese_Army"}},"extract":"The Portuguese Army is the land component of the Armed Forces of Portugal and is also its largest branch. It is charged with the defence of Portugal, in co-operation with other branches of the Armed Forces. With its origins going back to the 12th century, it can be considered one of the oldest active armies in the world.","extract_html":"The Portuguese Army is the land component of the Armed Forces of Portugal and is also its largest branch. It is charged with the defence of Portugal, in co-operation with other branches of the Armed Forces. With its origins going back to the 12th century, it can be considered one of the oldest active armies in the world.
","normalizedtitle":"Portuguese Army"},{"type":"standard","title":"Tite_(Guinea-Bissau)","displaytitle":"Tite (Guinea-Bissau)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3991840","titles":{"canonical":"Tite_(Guinea-Bissau)","normalized":"Tite (Guinea-Bissau)","display":"Tite (Guinea-Bissau)"},"pageid":17865307,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Quinara_sectors.png/330px-Quinara_sectors.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":268},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Quinara_sectors.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":948,"height":770},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1266936515","tid":"3d54951d-c959-11ef-8901-cb2aa37f7112","timestamp":"2025-01-02T22:30:59Z","coordinates":{"lat":11.78333333,"lon":-15.4},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tite_(Guinea-Bissau)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tite_(Guinea-Bissau)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tite_(Guinea-Bissau)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tite_(Guinea-Bissau)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tite_(Guinea-Bissau)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tite_(Guinea-Bissau)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tite_(Guinea-Bissau)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tite_(Guinea-Bissau)"}},"extract":"Tite is one of four Sectors of Quinara Region of Guinea-Bissau. It has an area of 699.5 km2.","extract_html":"Tite is one of four Sectors of Quinara Region of Guinea-Bissau. It has an area of 699.5 km2.
","normalizedtitle":"Tite (Guinea-Bissau)"}],"year":1963},{"text":"The bathyscaphe USS Trieste breaks a depth record by descending to 10,911 metres (35,797 ft) in the Pacific Ocean.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Bathyscaphe","displaytitle":"Bathyscaphe","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q208532","titles":{"canonical":"Bathyscaphe","normalized":"Bathyscaphe","display":"Bathyscaphe"},"pageid":301717,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bathyscaphe_Trieste_with_USS_Lewis_%28DE-535%29_over_the_Marianas_Trench%2C_23_January_1960_%28NH_96797%29.jpg/330px-Bathyscaphe_Trieste_with_USS_Lewis_%28DE-535%29_over_the_Marianas_Trench%2C_23_January_1960_%28NH_96797%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":245},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bathyscaphe_Trieste_with_USS_Lewis_%28DE-535%29_over_the_Marianas_Trench%2C_23_January_1960_%28NH_96797%29.jpg/3840px-Bathyscaphe_Trieste_with_USS_Lewis_%28DE-535%29_over_the_Marianas_Trench%2C_23_January_1960_%28NH_96797%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4112,"height":3058},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1341445062","tid":"4cec7dfc-16c9-11f1-9b58-de20ca3a0567","timestamp":"2026-03-03T06:22:06Z","description":"Free-diving self-propelled deep-sea submersible","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathyscaphe","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathyscaphe?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathyscaphe?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bathyscaphe"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathyscaphe","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Bathyscaphe","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathyscaphe?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bathyscaphe"}},"extract":"A bathyscaphe is a free-diving, self-propelled deep-sea submersible, consisting of a crew cabin similar to a bathysphere, but suspended below a float rather than from a surface cable, as in the classic bathysphere design.","extract_html":"A bathyscaphe is a free-diving, self-propelled deep-sea submersible, consisting of a crew cabin similar to a bathysphere, but suspended below a float rather than from a surface cable, as in the classic bathysphere design.
","normalizedtitle":"Bathyscaphe"},{"type":"standard","title":"Trieste_(bathyscaphe)","displaytitle":"Trieste (bathyscaphe)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q850157","titles":{"canonical":"Trieste_(bathyscaphe)","normalized":"Trieste (bathyscaphe)","display":"Trieste (bathyscaphe)"},"pageid":5001,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bathyscaphe_Trieste.jpg/330px-Bathyscaphe_Trieste.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":266},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bathyscaphe_Trieste.jpg/3840px-Bathyscaphe_Trieste.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":5665,"height":4560},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371934714","tid":"6ab049f3-a3a7-11f1-a221-97c8fa19976c","timestamp":"2026-08-29T12:44:47Z","description":"Deep-sea scientific submersible","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":38.87333333,"lon":-76.99527778},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste_(bathyscaphe)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste_(bathyscaphe)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste_(bathyscaphe)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Trieste_(bathyscaphe)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste_(bathyscaphe)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Trieste_(bathyscaphe)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste_(bathyscaphe)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Trieste_(bathyscaphe)"}},"extract":"Trieste is a Swiss-designed, Italian-built deep-diving research bathyscaphe. In 1960, it became the first crewed vessel to reach the bottom of Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, the deepest point in Earth's seabed. The mission was the final goal for Project Nekton, a series of dives conducted by the United States Navy in the Pacific Ocean near Guam. The vessel was piloted by Swiss oceanographer Jacques Piccard and US Navy lieutenant Don Walsh. They reached a depth of about 10,916 metres (35,814 ft). The bathyscaphe was designed by Swiss scientist Auguste Piccard, the father of pilot Jacques Piccard. It was built at the Navalmeccanica in Castellammare di Stabia, Italy, and launched on 1 August 1953. The vessel was first owned and operated by Auguste Piccard until it was purchased by the Office of Naval Research in 1958 for US$267,000. This would be equivalent to $3 million in 2024. Subsequently the vehicle was turned over to the Bureau of Ships' Naval Electronics Laboratory at San Diego. It was taken out of service in 1966. Since the 1980s, it has been on exhibit in the National Museum of the United States Navy in Washington, D.C.","extract_html":"Trieste is a Swiss-designed, Italian-built deep-diving research bathyscaphe. In 1960, it became the first crewed vessel to reach the bottom of Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, the deepest point in Earth's seabed. The mission was the final goal for Project Nekton, a series of dives conducted by the United States Navy in the Pacific Ocean near Guam. The vessel was piloted by Swiss oceanographer Jacques Piccard and US Navy lieutenant Don Walsh. They reached a depth of about 10,916 metres (35,814 ft). The bathyscaphe was designed by Swiss scientist Auguste Piccard, the father of pilot Jacques Piccard. It was built at the Navalmeccanica in Castellammare di Stabia, Italy, and launched on 1 August 1953. The vessel was first owned and operated by Auguste Piccard until it was purchased by the Office of Naval Research in 1958 for US$267,000. This would be equivalent to $3 million in 2024. Subsequently the vehicle was turned over to the Bureau of Ships' Naval Electronics Laboratory at San Diego. It was taken out of service in 1966. Since the 1980s, it has been on exhibit in the National Museum of the United States Navy in Washington, D.C.
","normalizedtitle":"Trieste (bathyscaphe)"}],"year":1960},{"text":"After a general uprising and rioting in the streets, President Marcos Pérez Jiménez leaves Venezuela.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"1958_Venezuelan_coup_d'état","displaytitle":"1958 Venezuelan coup d'état","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3798246","titles":{"canonical":"1958_Venezuelan_coup_d'état","normalized":"1958 Venezuelan coup d'état","display":"1958 Venezuelan coup d'état"},"pageid":35912092,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/23_de_Enero_de_1958.png/330px-23_de_Enero_de_1958.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":342},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/23_de_Enero_de_1958.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1404,"height":1455},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370279392","tid":"70918748-9c53-11f1-b1b3-efe2d33b7226","timestamp":"2026-08-20T04:56:01Z","description":"Overthrow of Venezuelan dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Venezuelan_coup_d'%C3%A9tat","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Venezuelan_coup_d'%C3%A9tat?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Venezuelan_coup_d'%C3%A9tat?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:1958_Venezuelan_coup_d'%C3%A9tat"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Venezuelan_coup_d'%C3%A9tat","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/1958_Venezuelan_coup_d'%C3%A9tat","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Venezuelan_coup_d'%C3%A9tat?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:1958_Venezuelan_coup_d'%C3%A9tat"}},"extract":"The 1958 Venezuelan coup d'état took place on 23 January 1958, when the dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez was overthrown.","extract_html":"The 1958 Venezuelan coup d'état took place on 23 January 1958, when the dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez was overthrown.
","normalizedtitle":"1958 Venezuelan coup d'état"},{"type":"standard","title":"President_of_Venezuela","displaytitle":"President of Venezuela","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q11942698","titles":{"canonical":"President_of_Venezuela","normalized":"President of Venezuela","display":"President of Venezuela"},"pageid":3329692,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Seal_of_the_President_of_Venezuela.svg/330px-Seal_of_the_President_of_Venezuela.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Seal_of_the_President_of_Venezuela.svg/960px-Seal_of_the_President_of_Venezuela.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":525,"height":525},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373760282","tid":"bcb64639-aaf4-11f1-9460-f06a39c3959c","timestamp":"2026-09-07T19:45:54Z","description":"Head of state and government","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Venezuela","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Venezuela?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Venezuela?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:President_of_Venezuela"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Venezuela","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/President_of_Venezuela","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Venezuela?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:President_of_Venezuela"}},"extract":"The president of Venezuela, officially known as the president of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is the executive head of state and head of government of Venezuela. The president leads the National Executive of the Venezuelan government and is the commander-in-chief of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces. Presidential terms were set at six years with the adoption of the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela, and presidential term limits were removed in 2009.","extract_html":"The president of Venezuela, officially known as the president of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is the executive head of state and head of government of Venezuela. The president leads the National Executive of the Venezuelan government and is the commander-in-chief of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces. Presidential terms were set at six years with the adoption of the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela, and presidential term limits were removed in 2009.
","normalizedtitle":"President of Venezuela"},{"type":"standard","title":"Marcos_Pérez_Jiménez","displaytitle":"Marcos Pérez Jiménez","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q459118","titles":{"canonical":"Marcos_Pérez_Jiménez","normalized":"Marcos Pérez Jiménez","display":"Marcos Pérez Jiménez"},"pageid":194865,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Foto_Ex_Dictador_Marcos_Perez_Jimenez_%281957%29.jpg/330px-Foto_Ex_Dictador_Marcos_Perez_Jimenez_%281957%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":463},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Foto_Ex_Dictador_Marcos_Perez_Jimenez_%281957%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":684,"height":960},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366847878","tid":"3e7e9d51-8c30-11f1-9ce6-8285d8259112","timestamp":"2026-07-30T16:03:46Z","description":"Dictator of Venezuela from 1952 to 1958","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marcos_P%C3%A9rez_Jim%C3%A9nez"}},"extract":"Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez was a Venezuelan military officer and the dictator of Venezuela from 1950 to 1958, ruling as member of the military junta from 1950 to 1952 and as president from 1952 to 1958. He took part in the 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état, becoming part of the ruling junta. He ran in the 1952 election. However, the junta cancelled the election when early results indicated that the opposition was ahead and declared Jiménez provisional president. He became president in 1953 and instituted a constitution that granted him dictatorial powers.","extract_html":"Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez was a Venezuelan military officer and the dictator of Venezuela from 1950 to 1958, ruling as member of the military junta from 1950 to 1952 and as president from 1952 to 1958. He took part in the 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état, becoming part of the ruling junta. He ran in the 1952 election. However, the junta cancelled the election when early results indicated that the opposition was ahead and declared Jiménez provisional president. He became president in 1953 and instituted a constitution that granted him dictatorial powers.
","normalizedtitle":"Marcos Pérez Jiménez"},{"type":"standard","title":"Venezuela","displaytitle":"Venezuela","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q717","titles":{"canonical":"Venezuela","normalized":"Venezuela","display":"Venezuela"},"pageid":32374,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/330px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/960px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":900,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374018325","tid":"8466521f-ac2d-11f1-9866-62556dc66a21","timestamp":"2026-09-09T09:04:52Z","description":"Country in South America","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":7,"lon":-65},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Venezuela"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Venezuela","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Venezuela"}},"extract":"Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and various islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It comprises an area of 912,050 km2 (352,140 sq mi), with a population estimated at 31.8 million in 2025. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is Caracas. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, on the south by Brazil, on the east by Guyana, and on the northeast by Trinidad and Tobago. Venezuela consists of 23 states, the Capital District, and the Federal Dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America, with an estimated urbanization rate of 88.4% in 2022. The vast majority of Venezuelans live in urban areas in the north, including in the capital.","extract_html":"Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and various islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It comprises an area of 912,050 km2 (352,140 sq mi), with a population estimated at 31.8 million in 2025. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is Caracas. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, on the south by Brazil, on the east by Guyana, and on the northeast by Trinidad and Tobago. Venezuela consists of 23 states, the Capital District, and the Federal Dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America, with an estimated urbanization rate of 88.4% in 2022. The vast majority of Venezuelans live in urban areas in the north, including in the capital.
","normalizedtitle":"Venezuela"}],"year":1958},{"text":"American inventor Walter Frederick Morrison sells the rights to his flying disc to the Wham-O toy company, which later renames it the \"Frisbee\".","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Walter_Frederick_Morrison","displaytitle":"Walter Frederick Morrison","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q522207","titles":{"canonical":"Walter_Frederick_Morrison","normalized":"Walter Frederick Morrison","display":"Walter Frederick Morrison"},"pageid":3078436,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Walter_Frederick_Morrison.jpg/330px-Walter_Frederick_Morrison.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":264},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Walter_Frederick_Morrison.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1263,"height":1010},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1340370664","tid":"c6e4b799-122a-11f1-99fa-d80f69c84df8","timestamp":"2026-02-25T09:17:16Z","description":"American inventor (1920-2010)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Walter_Frederick_Morrison"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Walter_Frederick_Morrison","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Frederick_Morrison?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Walter_Frederick_Morrison"}},"extract":"Walter Frederick Morrison was an American inventor and entrepreneur, who invented the Frisbee.","extract_html":"Walter Frederick Morrison was an American inventor and entrepreneur, who invented the Frisbee.
","normalizedtitle":"Walter Frederick Morrison"},{"type":"standard","title":"Frisbee","displaytitle":"Frisbee","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q131689","titles":{"canonical":"Frisbee","normalized":"Frisbee","display":"Frisbee"},"pageid":10687,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Frisbee_090719.jpg/330px-Frisbee_090719.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Frisbee_090719.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1024,"height":768},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374050587","tid":"d5d907fc-ac5a-11f1-9a18-d60a36c148c4","timestamp":"2026-09-09T14:29:16Z","description":"Throwing toy","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frisbee"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Frisbee","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frisbee?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Frisbee"}},"extract":"A frisbee, also called a flying disc or simply a disc, is a gliding toy or sporting item generally made of injection-molded plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimetres in diameter with a pronounced lip. It is used recreationally and competitively for throwing and catching, as in flying disc games. The shape of the disc is an airfoil in cross-section which allows it to fly by reducing the drag and increasing lift as it moves through the air, compared to a flat plate. Spinning the disc imparts a stabilizing gyroscopic force, allowing it to be both aimed with accuracy and thrown for distance.","extract_html":"A frisbee, also called a flying disc or simply a disc, is a gliding toy or sporting item generally made of injection-molded plastic and roughly 20 to 25 centimetres in diameter with a pronounced lip. It is used recreationally and competitively for throwing and catching, as in flying disc games. The shape of the disc is an airfoil in cross-section which allows it to fly by reducing the drag and increasing lift as it moves through the air, compared to a flat plate. Spinning the disc imparts a stabilizing gyroscopic force, allowing it to be both aimed with accuracy and thrown for distance.
","normalizedtitle":"Frisbee"},{"type":"standard","title":"Wham-O","displaytitle":"Wham-O","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1929348","titles":{"canonical":"Wham-O","normalized":"Wham-O","display":"Wham-O"},"pageid":314931,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Wham-O_Logo.png/330px-Wham-O_Logo.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":164},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Wham-O_Logo.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1424,"height":706},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373217024","tid":"2d096197-a882-11f1-b5b3-c6a51c6a940f","timestamp":"2026-09-04T17:00:48Z","description":"American toy company","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wham-O","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wham-O?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wham-O?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wham-O"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wham-O","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Wham-O","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wham-O?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wham-O"}},"extract":"Wham-O Inc. is an American toy company based in Carson, California, United States. It is known for creating and marketing many popular toys for nearly 70 years, including the Hula hoop, Frisbee, Slip 'N Slide, Super Ball, Trac-Ball, Silly String, Hacky Sack, Wham-O Bird Ornithopter, and Boogie Board, many of which have become genericized trademarks.","extract_html":"Wham-O Inc. is an American toy company based in Carson, California, United States. It is known for creating and marketing many popular toys for nearly 70 years, including the Hula hoop, Frisbee, Slip 'N Slide, Super Ball, Trac-Ball, Silly String, Hacky Sack, Wham-O Bird Ornithopter, and Boogie Board, many of which have become genericized trademarks.
","normalizedtitle":"Wham-O"}],"year":1957},{"text":"The Knesset resolves that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Knesset","displaytitle":"Knesset","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q133396","titles":{"canonical":"Knesset","normalized":"Knesset","display":"Knesset"},"pageid":74656,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Israeli_Knesset_Current_Composition.svg/330px-Israeli_Knesset_Current_Composition.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":293},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Israeli_Knesset_Current_Composition.svg/960px-Israeli_Knesset_Current_Composition.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":512,"height":455},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371686734","tid":"f9ff15b7-a260-11f1-aed7-bbacaadf92c3","timestamp":"2026-08-27T21:48:02Z","description":"Unicameral legislature of Israel","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":31.77666667,"lon":35.20527778},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Knesset"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Knesset","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knesset?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Knesset"}},"extract":"The Knesset is the unicameral legislature of Israel.","extract_html":"The Knesset is the unicameral legislature of Israel.
","normalizedtitle":"Knesset"},{"type":"standard","title":"Jerusalem","displaytitle":"Jerusalem","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1218","titles":{"canonical":"Jerusalem","normalized":"Jerusalem","display":"Jerusalem"},"pageid":16043,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Temple_Mount_%28Aerial_view%2C_2007%29_07.jpg/330px-Temple_Mount_%28Aerial_view%2C_2007%29_07.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":205},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Temple_Mount_%28Aerial_view%2C_2007%29_07.jpg/3840px-Temple_Mount_%28Aerial_view%2C_2007%29_07.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4079,"height":2532},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373403582","tid":"243c8b6b-a963-11f1-a2df-7702d933e19f","timestamp":"2026-09-05T19:51:10Z","description":"City in the Southern Levant","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":31.77888889,"lon":35.22555556},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jerusalem"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jerusalem","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jerusalem"}},"extract":"Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the oldest cities in the world and is considered a holy city to the three major Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Both Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital city; Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there, while Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power. Neither claim is widely recognised internationally.","extract_html":"Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the oldest cities in the world and is considered a holy city to the three major Abrahamic religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Both Israel and Palestine claim Jerusalem as their capital city; Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there, while Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power. Neither claim is widely recognised internationally.
","normalizedtitle":"Jerusalem"}],"year":1950},{"text":"World War II: German admiral Karl Dönitz launches Operation Hannibal, the evacuation of areas along the eastern Baltic coast.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Karl_Dönitz","displaytitle":"Karl Dönitz","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q76437","titles":{"canonical":"Karl_Dönitz","normalized":"Karl Dönitz","display":"Karl Dönitz"},"pageid":16774,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-127-06A%2C_Karl_D%C3%B6nitz_%28cropped%29%283%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-127-06A%2C_Karl_D%C3%B6nitz_%28cropped%29%283%29_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":443},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1976-127-06A%2C_Karl_D%C3%B6nitz_%28cropped%29%283%29_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":351,"height":471},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373533515","tid":"2a804659-a9ff-11f1-826b-f0c40808fd47","timestamp":"2026-09-06T14:28:02Z","description":"German grand admiral (1891–1980)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Karl_D%C3%B6nitz"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Karl_D%C3%B6nitz"}},"extract":"Karl Dönitz was a German naval officer and politician who briefly succeeded Adolf Hitler as the head of state of Nazi Germany after the latter's suicide during the Second World War in April 1945. He held this position until the dissolution of the Flensburg Government, about two weeks after Germany's unconditional surrender to the Allies. As Supreme Commander of the Navy beginning in 1943, he played a major role in the naval history of the war.","extract_html":"Karl Dönitz was a German naval officer and politician who briefly succeeded Adolf Hitler as the head of state of Nazi Germany after the latter's suicide during the Second World War in April 1945. He held this position until the dissolution of the Flensburg Government, about two weeks after Germany's unconditional surrender to the Allies. As Supreme Commander of the Navy beginning in 1943, he played a major role in the naval history of the war.
","normalizedtitle":"Karl Dönitz"},{"type":"standard","title":"Operation_Hannibal","displaytitle":"Operation Hannibal","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q695666","titles":{"canonical":"Operation_Hannibal","normalized":"Operation Hannibal","display":"Operation Hannibal"},"pageid":4288088,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1972-092-05%2C_Flucht_aus_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1972-092-05%2C_Flucht_aus_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":215},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1972-092-05%2C_Flucht_aus_Ostpreu%C3%9Fen.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":800,"height":520},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367547956","tid":"7dcf2596-8f71-11f1-933d-49171ddd2814","timestamp":"2026-08-03T19:28:23Z","description":"1945 evacuation of German troops from East Prussia and northern Poland by sea","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Hannibal","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Hannibal?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Hannibal?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Operation_Hannibal"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Hannibal","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Operation_Hannibal","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Hannibal?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Operation_Hannibal"}},"extract":"Operation Hannibal was a German naval operation involving the evacuation by sea of German troops and civilians from the Courland Pocket, East Prussia, West Prussia and Pomerania from mid-January to May 1945 as the Red Army advanced during the East Prussian and East Pomeranian Offensives and subsidiary operations. The operation was one of the largest evacuations by sea in history.","extract_html":"Operation Hannibal was a German naval operation involving the evacuation by sea of German troops and civilians from the Courland Pocket, East Prussia, West Prussia and Pomerania from mid-January to May 1945 as the Red Army advanced during the East Prussian and East Pomeranian Offensives and subsidiary operations. The operation was one of the largest evacuations by sea in history.
","normalizedtitle":"Operation Hannibal"}],"year":1945},{"text":"World War II: Troops of the British Eighth Army capture Tripoli in Libya from the German–Italian Panzer Army.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)","displaytitle":"Eighth Army (United Kingdom)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q270202","titles":{"canonical":"Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)","normalized":"Eighth Army (United Kingdom)","display":"Eighth Army (United Kingdom)"},"pageid":23568438,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/British_Eighth_Army_SSI.svg/330px-British_Eighth_Army_SSI.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":373},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/British_Eighth_Army_SSI.svg/960px-British_Eighth_Army_SSI.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":549,"height":620},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372844358","tid":"4bd0f0a6-a6e2-11f1-a2f6-4f2212971da6","timestamp":"2026-09-02T15:23:49Z","description":"World War II army in North Africa and Italy","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)"}},"extract":"The Eighth Army was a field army of the British Army during the Second World War. It was formed as the Western Army on 10 September 1941, in Egypt, before being renamed the Army of the Nile and then the Eighth Army on 26 September. It was created to better control the growing Allied force based in Egypt and to direct its efforts to lift the siege of Tobruk via Operation Crusader.","extract_html":"The Eighth Army was a field army of the British Army during the Second World War. It was formed as the Western Army on 10 September 1941, in Egypt, before being renamed the Army of the Nile and then the Eighth Army on 26 September. It was created to better control the growing Allied force based in Egypt and to direct its efforts to lift the siege of Tobruk via Operation Crusader.
","normalizedtitle":"Eighth Army (United Kingdom)"},{"type":"standard","title":"Tripoli,_Libya","displaytitle":"Tripoli, Libya","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3579","titles":{"canonical":"Tripoli,_Libya","normalized":"Tripoli, Libya","display":"Tripoli, Libya"},"pageid":31232,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Tripoli_at_night.jpg/330px-Tripoli_at_night.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Tripoli_at_night.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1498,"height":998},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373989234","tid":"8ebf29bf-ac02-11f1-a96a-89106b7f45f2","timestamp":"2026-09-09T03:57:21Z","description":"Capital and most populous city of Libya","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":32.8875,"lon":13.1875},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripoli%2C_Libya","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripoli%2C_Libya?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripoli%2C_Libya?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tripoli%2C_Libya"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripoli%2C_Libya","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tripoli%2C_Libya","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripoli%2C_Libya?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tripoli%2C_Libya"}},"extract":"Tripoli, historically known as Tripoli-of-the-West, is the capital and largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.317 million people in 2021. It is located in the northwest of Libya on the edge of the desert, on a point of rocky land projecting into the Mediterranean Sea and forming a bay. It includes the port of Tripoli and the country's largest commercial and manufacturing center. It is also the site of the University of Tripoli.","extract_html":"Tripoli, historically known as Tripoli-of-the-West, is the capital and largest city of Libya, with a population of about 1.317 million people in 2021. It is located in the northwest of Libya on the edge of the desert, on a point of rocky land projecting into the Mediterranean Sea and forming a bay. It includes the port of Tripoli and the country's largest commercial and manufacturing center. It is also the site of the University of Tripoli.
","normalizedtitle":"Tripoli, Libya"},{"type":"standard","title":"Libya","displaytitle":"Libya","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1016","titles":{"canonical":"Libya","normalized":"Libya","display":"Libya"},"pageid":17633,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/330px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":165},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/960px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":960,"height":480},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374344593","tid":"a272b489-addd-11f1-b4f0-147d1ad12adb","timestamp":"2026-09-11T12:38:05Z","description":"Country in North Africa","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":27,"lon":17},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Libya"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Libya","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Libya"}},"extract":"Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. With an area of almost 1.8 million km2 (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the fourth-largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and the 16th-largest in the world. The country claims 32,000 square kilometres of southeastern Algeria, south of the Libyan town of Ghat. The capital and largest city is Tripoli, located in the northwest and containing over a million of Libya's seven million people.","extract_html":"Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad to the south, Niger to the southwest, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest. With an area of almost 1.8 million km2 (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the fourth-largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and the 16th-largest in the world. The country claims 32,000 square kilometres of southeastern Algeria, south of the Libyan town of Ghat. The capital and largest city is Tripoli, located in the northwest and containing over a million of Libya's seven million people.
","normalizedtitle":"Libya"},{"type":"standard","title":"Panzer_Army_Africa","displaytitle":"Panzer Army Africa","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q175346","titles":{"canonical":"Panzer_Army_Africa","normalized":"Panzer Army Africa","display":"Panzer Army Africa"},"pageid":1847327,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374102721","tid":"79470ce1-ac95-11f1-91bf-0708857860ae","timestamp":"2026-09-09T21:29:01Z","description":"German-Italian field army in North Africa during WWII","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzer_Army_Africa","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzer_Army_Africa?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzer_Army_Africa?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Panzer_Army_Africa"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzer_Army_Africa","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Panzer_Army_Africa","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzer_Army_Africa?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Panzer_Army_Africa"}},"extract":"The Panzer Army Africa was a joint German-Italian field army that fought in the North African campaign during World War II. It consisted of one German corps and three Italian corps. In 1943, during the Tunisian campaign, the Panzerarmee Afrika became the Italian 1st Army, subject to the newly-formed Army Group Africa. During the campaigns in North Africa, the Panzerarmee Afrika was subordinate to the Italian command and to German command headquarters in the Mediterranean.","extract_html":"The Panzer Army Africa was a joint German-Italian field army that fought in the North African campaign during World War II. It consisted of one German corps and three Italian corps. In 1943, during the Tunisian campaign, the Panzerarmee Afrika became the Italian 1st Army, subject to the newly-formed Army Group Africa. During the campaigns in North Africa, the Panzerarmee Afrika was subordinate to the Italian command and to German command headquarters in the Mediterranean.
","normalizedtitle":"Panzer Army Africa"}],"year":1943},{"text":"World War II: The Battle of Rabaul commences Japan's invasion of Australia's Territory of New Guinea.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"World_War_II","displaytitle":"World War II","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q362","titles":{"canonical":"World_War_II","normalized":"World War II","display":"World War II"},"pageid":32927,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-646-5188-17%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_87.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-646-5188-17%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_87.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":225},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-646-5188-17%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_87.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":798,"height":544},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373941082","tid":"9bc22302-abce-11f1-b773-6411caccba68","timestamp":"2026-09-08T21:45:29Z","description":"Global conflict from 1939 to 1945","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:World_War_II"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/World_War_II","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:World_War_II"}},"extract":"World War II, or the Second World War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many engaging in total war on an unprecedented scale. World War II was the deadliest conflict in history, causing the deaths of 60 to 75 million people, a majority of whom were civilians. Millions died as a result of massacres, starvation, disease, and genocides including the Holocaust. After the Allied victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and German and Japanese leaders were tried for war crimes.","extract_html":"World War II, or the Second World War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many engaging in total war on an unprecedented scale. World War II was the deadliest conflict in history, causing the deaths of 60 to 75 million people, a majority of whom were civilians. Millions died as a result of massacres, starvation, disease, and genocides including the Holocaust. After the Allied victory, Germany, Austria, Japan, and Korea were occupied, and German and Japanese leaders were tried for war crimes.
","normalizedtitle":"World War II"},{"type":"standard","title":"Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)","displaytitle":"Battle of Rabaul (1942)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1572785","titles":{"canonical":"Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)","normalized":"Battle of Rabaul (1942)","display":"Battle of Rabaul (1942)"},"pageid":1148654,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Australian_troops_retreating_from_the_Battle_of_Rabaul_after_the_successful_attack_by_Japanese_forces%2C_Warangoi_River%2C_New_Britain%2C_January_1942._%2839799822625%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":229},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Australian_troops_retreating_from_the_Battle_of_Rabaul_after_the_successful_attack_by_Japanese_forces%2C_Warangoi_River%2C_New_Britain%2C_January_1942._%2839799822625%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":639,"height":444},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370587012","tid":"4f9974f8-9dbe-11f1-bf44-de9775345b84","timestamp":"2026-08-22T00:13:33Z","description":"WWII battle in the Pacific Theater","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":-4.19805611,"lon":152.16805611},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Rabaul_(1942)"}},"extract":"The Battle of Rabaul, also known by the Japanese as Operation R, an instigating action of the New Guinea campaign, was fought on the island of New Britain in the Australian Territory of New Guinea, from 23 January into February 1942. It was a strategically significant defeat of Allied forces by Japan in the Pacific campaign of World War II, with the Japanese invasion force quickly overwhelming the small Australian garrison, the majority of which was either killed or captured. Hostilities on the neighbouring island of New Ireland are usually considered to be part of the same battle. Rabaul was significant because of its proximity to the Japanese territory of the Caroline Islands, site of a major Imperial Japanese Navy base on Truk.","extract_html":"The Battle of Rabaul, also known by the Japanese as Operation R, an instigating action of the New Guinea campaign, was fought on the island of New Britain in the Australian Territory of New Guinea, from 23 January into February 1942. It was a strategically significant defeat of Allied forces by Japan in the Pacific campaign of World War II, with the Japanese invasion force quickly overwhelming the small Australian garrison, the majority of which was either killed or captured. Hostilities on the neighbouring island of New Ireland are usually considered to be part of the same battle. Rabaul was significant because of its proximity to the Japanese territory of the Caroline Islands, site of a major Imperial Japanese Navy base on Truk.
","normalizedtitle":"Battle of Rabaul (1942)"},{"type":"standard","title":"New_Guinea_campaign","displaytitle":"New Guinea campaign","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2276692","titles":{"canonical":"New_Guinea_campaign","normalized":"New Guinea campaign","display":"New Guinea campaign"},"pageid":3726984,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Australian_infantry_and_armour_at_Buna_%28AWM_014008%29.jpg/330px-Australian_infantry_and_armour_at_Buna_%28AWM_014008%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":254},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Australian_infantry_and_armour_at_Buna_%28AWM_014008%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1176,"height":904},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370629529","tid":"74a0e1b3-9de4-11f1-8c80-20a92d3844d0","timestamp":"2026-08-22T04:46:36Z","description":"Part of World War II","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:New_Guinea_campaign"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/New_Guinea_campaign","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Guinea_campaign?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:New_Guinea_campaign"}},"extract":"The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. During the initial phase in early 1942, the Empire of Japan invaded the Territory of New Guinea on 23 January and Territory of Papua on 21 July and overran western New Guinea beginning on 29 March. During the second phase, lasting from late 1942 until the Japanese surrender, the Allies—consisting primarily of Australian forces—cleared the Japanese first from Papua, then New Guinea, and finally from the Dutch colony.","extract_html":"The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945. During the initial phase in early 1942, the Empire of Japan invaded the Territory of New Guinea on 23 January and Territory of Papua on 21 July and overran western New Guinea beginning on 29 March. During the second phase, lasting from late 1942 until the Japanese surrender, the Allies—consisting primarily of Australian forces—cleared the Japanese first from Papua, then New Guinea, and finally from the Dutch colony.
","normalizedtitle":"New Guinea campaign"},{"type":"standard","title":"Territory_of_New_Guinea","displaytitle":"Territory of New Guinea","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1443945","titles":{"canonical":"Territory_of_New_Guinea","normalized":"Territory of New Guinea","display":"Territory of New Guinea"},"pageid":3706900,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_the_Territory_of_New_Guinea.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Territory_of_New_Guinea.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":165},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flag_of_the_Territory_of_New_Guinea.svg/960px-Flag_of_the_Territory_of_New_Guinea.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":624,"height":312},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368751115","tid":"63fd8a56-9509-11f1-9edb-6f7e168265e9","timestamp":"2026-08-10T22:18:19Z","description":"Australian territory from 1919 to 1975","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":-5,"lon":145},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Territory_of_New_Guinea"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Territory_of_New_Guinea","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory_of_New_Guinea?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Territory_of_New_Guinea"}},"extract":"The Territory of New Guinea was an Australian-administered territory, first as a League of Nations mandate and then as a United Nations trust territory, in the northeastern part of the island of New Guinea and nearby islands, from 1914 until 1975. In 1949, it was united with the Territory of Papua to create the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of New Guinea at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea.","extract_html":"The Territory of New Guinea was an Australian-administered territory, first as a League of Nations mandate and then as a United Nations trust territory, in the northeastern part of the island of New Guinea and nearby islands, from 1914 until 1975. In 1949, it was united with the Territory of Papua to create the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. That administrative union was renamed as Papua New Guinea in 1971. Notwithstanding that it was part of an administrative union, the Territory of New Guinea at all times retained a distinct legal status and identity until the advent of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea.
","normalizedtitle":"Territory of New Guinea"}],"year":1942},{"text":"Charles Lindbergh testifies before the U.S. Congress and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Adolf Hitler.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Charles_Lindbergh","displaytitle":"Charles Lindbergh","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1618","titles":{"canonical":"Charles_Lindbergh","normalized":"Charles Lindbergh","display":"Charles Lindbergh"},"pageid":82981,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Charles_Lindbergh_%28Harris_%26_Ewing_photo%2C_cropped%29.jpg/330px-Charles_Lindbergh_%28Harris_%26_Ewing_photo%2C_cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":447},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Charles_Lindbergh_%28Harris_%26_Ewing_photo%2C_cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2564,"height":3473},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373908610","tid":"a5d329c3-abac-11f1-9c8f-bb916c6e67e5","timestamp":"2026-09-08T17:42:23Z","description":"American aviator (1902–1974)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Charles_Lindbergh"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Charles_Lindbergh","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Charles_Lindbergh"}},"extract":"Charles Augustus Lindbergh was an American aviator, military officer, and author. On May 20–21, 1927, he made the first nonstop flight from New York to Paris, a distance of 3,600 miles (5,800 km), flying alone for over 33 hours. His aircraft, the Spirit of St. Louis, was built to compete for the $25,000 Orteig Prize for the first flight between the two cities. Although not the first transatlantic flight, it was the first solo crossing of the Atlantic and the longest at the time by nearly 2,000 miles (3,200 km), setting a new flight distance world record. The achievement garnered Lindbergh worldwide fame and stands as one of the most consequential flights in history, signalling a new era of air transportation between parts of the globe.","extract_html":"Charles Augustus Lindbergh was an American aviator, military officer, and author. On May 20–21, 1927, he made the first nonstop flight from New York to Paris, a distance of 3,600 miles (5,800 km), flying alone for over 33 hours. His aircraft, the Spirit of St. Louis, was built to compete for the $25,000 Orteig Prize for the first flight between the two cities. Although not the first transatlantic flight, it was the first solo crossing of the Atlantic and the longest at the time by nearly 2,000 miles (3,200 km), setting a new flight distance world record. The achievement garnered Lindbergh worldwide fame and stands as one of the most consequential flights in history, signalling a new era of air transportation between parts of the globe.
","normalizedtitle":"Charles Lindbergh"},{"type":"standard","title":"United_States_Congress","displaytitle":"United States Congress","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q11268","titles":{"canonical":"United_States_Congress","normalized":"United States Congress","display":"United States Congress"},"pageid":31756,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/330px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":348},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/500px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":451,"height":476},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374270358","tid":"e7133800-ad6e-11f1-903b-e646a1ae4078","timestamp":"2026-09-10T23:25:26Z","description":"Bicameral legislature of the United States","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":38.88972222,"lon":-77.00888889},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:United_States_Congress"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/United_States_Congress","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:United_States_Congress"}},"extract":"The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a bicameral legislature, including a lower body, the U.S. House of Representatives, and an upper body, the U.S. Senate. They both meet in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.","extract_html":"The United States Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a bicameral legislature, including a lower body, the U.S. House of Representatives, and an upper body, the U.S. Senate. They both meet in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.
","normalizedtitle":"United States Congress"},{"type":"standard","title":"Non-aggression_pact","displaytitle":"Non-aggression pact","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1412901","titles":{"canonical":"Non-aggression_pact","normalized":"Non-aggression pact","display":"Non-aggression pact"},"pageid":744994,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1347043901","tid":"7d00aa26-3010-11f1-9907-7a7be532bb9e","timestamp":"2026-04-04T10:24:40Z","description":"Type of international treaty","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-aggression_pact","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-aggression_pact?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-aggression_pact?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Non-aggression_pact"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-aggression_pact","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Non-aggression_pact","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-aggression_pact?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Non-aggression_pact"}},"extract":"A non-aggression pact or neutrality pact is a treaty between two or more states/countries that includes a promise by the signatories not to engage in military action against each other. Such treaties may be described by other names, such as a treaty of friendship or non-belligerency, etc. Leeds, Ritter, Mitchell, & Long (2002) distinguish between a non-aggression pact and a neutrality pact. They posit that a non-aggression pact includes the promise not to attack the other pact signatories, whereas a neutrality pact includes a promise to avoid support of any entity that acts against the interests of any of the pact signatories. The most readily recognized example of the aforementioned entity is another country, nation-state, or sovereign organization that represents a negative consequence towards the advantages held by one or more of the signatory parties.","extract_html":"A non-aggression pact or neutrality pact is a treaty between two or more states/countries that includes a promise by the signatories not to engage in military action against each other. Such treaties may be described by other names, such as a treaty of friendship or non-belligerency, etc. Leeds, Ritter, Mitchell, & Long (2002) distinguish between a non-aggression pact and a neutrality pact. They posit that a non-aggression pact includes the promise not to attack the other pact signatories, whereas a neutrality pact includes a promise to avoid support of any entity that acts against the interests of any of the pact signatories. The most readily recognized example of the aforementioned entity is another country, nation-state, or sovereign organization that represents a negative consequence towards the advantages held by one or more of the signatory parties.
","normalizedtitle":"Non-aggression pact"},{"type":"standard","title":"Adolf_Hitler","displaytitle":"Adolf Hitler","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q352","titles":{"canonical":"Adolf_Hitler","normalized":"Adolf Hitler","display":"Adolf Hitler"},"pageid":2731583,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hitler_portrait_crop_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg/330px-Hitler_portrait_crop_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":448},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Hitler_portrait_crop_%28cropped%29%282%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1358,"height":1842},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374222488","tid":"eced2753-ad36-11f1-8036-4cf95dbd2949","timestamp":"2026-09-10T16:44:44Z","description":"Dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Adolf_Hitler"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Adolf_Hitler","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Adolf_Hitler"}},"extract":"Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany in the Nazi era from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor of Germany in 1933 and then taking the title of Führer und Reichskanzler in 1934. Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 under his leadership marked the outbreak of the Second World War. Throughout the ensuing conflict, Hitler was closely involved in the direction of German military operations and was central to the perpetration of the genocide of about six million Jews in the Holocaust as well as the deaths of millions of other victims.","extract_html":"Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician who was dictator of Germany in the Nazi era from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor of Germany in 1933 and then taking the title of Führer und Reichskanzler in 1934. Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 under his leadership marked the outbreak of the Second World War. Throughout the ensuing conflict, Hitler was closely involved in the direction of German military operations and was central to the perpetration of the genocide of about six million Jews in the Holocaust as well as the deaths of millions of other victims.
","normalizedtitle":"Adolf Hitler"}],"year":1941},{"text":"The trial of the anti-Soviet Trotskyist center sees seventeen mid-level Communists accused of sympathizing with Leon Trotsky and plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Moscow_trials","displaytitle":"Moscow trials","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q117320","titles":{"canonical":"Moscow_trials","normalized":"Moscow trials","display":"Moscow trials"},"pageid":40549288,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1361716002","tid":"7d29fc54-73df-11f1-8abf-c44d2a17a9b9","timestamp":"2026-06-29T17:25:14Z","description":"1936–1938 show trials held by Stalin to purge political opposition","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_trials","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_trials?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_trials?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Moscow_trials"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_trials","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Moscow_trials","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_trials?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Moscow_trials"}},"extract":"The Moscow trials were a series of show trials held by the Soviet Union between 1936 and 1938 at the instigation of Joseph Stalin. They were nominally directed against \"Trotskyists\" and members of the \"Right Opposition\" of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.The \"Case of the Trotskyite–Zinovievite Terrorist Center\" ;\nThe \"Case of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center\" ; and\nThe \"Case of the Anti-Soviet 'Bloc of Rightists and Trotskyites'\".","extract_html":"The Moscow trials were a series of show trials held by the Soviet Union between 1936 and 1938 at the instigation of Joseph Stalin. They were nominally directed against \"Trotskyists\" and members of the \"Right Opposition\" of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Lev Davidovich Trotsky, better known as Leon Trotsky, was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and political theorist. He was a key figure in the 1905 Revolution, the October Revolution of 1917, the Russian Civil War, and the establishment of the Soviet Union, from which he was exiled in 1929 before his assassination in 1940. Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin were widely considered the two most prominent figures in the Soviet state from 1917 until Lenin's death in 1924. Ideologically a Marxist and a Leninist, Trotsky's ideas and beliefs inspired a school of Marxism known as Trotskyism.
","normalizedtitle":"Leon Trotsky"},{"type":"standard","title":"Joseph_Stalin","displaytitle":"Joseph Stalin","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q855","titles":{"canonical":"Joseph_Stalin","normalized":"Joseph Stalin","display":"Joseph Stalin"},"pageid":15641,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/StalinCropped1943.jpg/330px-StalinCropped1943.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/StalinCropped1943.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":964,"height":1285},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373974499","tid":"dab6a196-abf3-11f1-ac61-38d78159b013","timestamp":"2026-09-09T02:12:06Z","description":"Leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Joseph_Stalin"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Joseph_Stalin","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Joseph_Stalin"}},"extract":"Joseph Stalin was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 and the nation's Premier from 1941 to 1953. Initially presiding over an oligarchic one-party system that governed by plurality, he became the de facto dictator of the Soviet Union by the 1930s. Ideologically committed to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, Stalin helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism–Leninism, while his own policies became known as Stalinism.","extract_html":"Joseph Stalin was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 and the nation's Premier from 1941 to 1953. Initially presiding over an oligarchic one-party system that governed by plurality, he became the de facto dictator of the Soviet Union by the 1930s. Ideologically committed to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, Stalin helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism–Leninism, while his own policies became known as Stalinism.
","normalizedtitle":"Joseph Stalin"}],"year":1937},{"text":"The first successful treatment with insulin is given to 14-year-old diabetic Leonard Thompson.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Insulin_(medication)","displaytitle":"Insulin (medication)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2002370","titles":{"canonical":"Insulin_(medication)","normalized":"Insulin (medication)","display":"Insulin (medication)"},"pageid":21091725,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Inzul%C3%ADn.jpg/330px-Inzul%C3%ADn.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":200},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Inzul%C3%ADn.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1000,"height":606},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373355327","tid":"11619266-a93a-11f1-8e1d-91d61dd74c85","timestamp":"2026-09-05T14:57:09Z","description":"Use of insulin protein and analogs as medical treatment","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_(medication)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_(medication)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_(medication)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Insulin_(medication)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_(medication)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Insulin_(medication)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_(medication)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Insulin_(medication)"}},"extract":"As a medication, insulin is any pharmaceutical preparation of the protein hormone insulin that is used to treat high blood glucose. Such conditions include type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states. Insulin is also used along with glucose to treat hyperkalemia. Typically it is given by injection under the skin, but some forms may also be used by injection into a vein or muscle. There are various types of insulin, suitable for various time spans. The types are often all called insulin in the broad sense, although in a more precise sense, insulin is identical to the naturally occurring molecule whereas insulin analogues have slightly different molecules that allow for modified time of action. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2023, it was the 157th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.","extract_html":"As a medication, insulin is any pharmaceutical preparation of the protein hormone insulin that is used to treat high blood glucose. Such conditions include type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states. Insulin is also used along with glucose to treat hyperkalemia. Typically it is given by injection under the skin, but some forms may also be used by injection into a vein or muscle. There are various types of insulin, suitable for various time spans. The types are often all called insulin in the broad sense, although in a more precise sense, insulin is identical to the naturally occurring molecule whereas insulin analogues have slightly different molecules that allow for modified time of action. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 2023, it was the 157th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.
","normalizedtitle":"Insulin (medication)"},{"type":"standard","title":"Leonard_Thompson_(diabetic)","displaytitle":"Leonard Thompson (diabetic)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q659402","titles":{"canonical":"Leonard_Thompson_(diabetic)","normalized":"Leonard Thompson (diabetic)","display":"Leonard Thompson (diabetic)"},"pageid":3280749,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Leonard_Thomson_patient_Insulin_P10046_0001.jpg/330px-Leonard_Thomson_patient_Insulin_P10046_0001.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":394},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Leonard_Thomson_patient_Insulin_P10046_0001.jpg/3840px-Leonard_Thomson_patient_Insulin_P10046_0001.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4776,"height":5700},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1361904255","tid":"6d34191f-74bc-11f1-9149-5961bdb08cf4","timestamp":"2026-06-30T19:46:46Z","description":"First person to receive an insulin injection","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Thompson_(diabetic)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Thompson_(diabetic)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Thompson_(diabetic)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Leonard_Thompson_(diabetic)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Thompson_(diabetic)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Leonard_Thompson_(diabetic)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Thompson_(diabetic)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Leonard_Thompson_(diabetic)"}},"extract":"Leonard Thompson was the first person to have received an injection of insulin as a treatment for type 1 diabetes.","extract_html":"Leonard Thompson was the first person to have received an injection of insulin as a treatment for type 1 diabetes.
","normalizedtitle":"Leonard Thompson (diabetic)"}],"year":1922},{"text":"The Netherlands refuses to surrender the exiled Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to the Allies.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Wilhelm_II","displaytitle":"Wilhelm II","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2677","titles":{"canonical":"Wilhelm_II","normalized":"Wilhelm II","display":"Wilhelm II"},"pageid":50450,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_of_Germany_-_1902_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/330px-Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_of_Germany_-_1902_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_of_Germany_-_1902_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3743,"height":4990},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370792742","tid":"fa8262a2-9ea0-11f1-9c19-1852e47a434b","timestamp":"2026-08-23T03:16:06Z","description":"German Emperor from 1888 to 1918","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wilhelm_II"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Wilhelm_II","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wilhelm_II"}},"extract":"Wilhelm II was the last German Emperor from 1888 until his abdication in 1918. His fall from power marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 400-year rule over Prussia.","extract_html":"Wilhelm II was the last German Emperor from 1888 until his abdication in 1918. His fall from power marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 400-year rule over Prussia.
","normalizedtitle":"Wilhelm II"},{"type":"standard","title":"Allies_of_World_War_I","displaytitle":"Allies of World War I","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q215669","titles":{"canonical":"Allies_of_World_War_I","normalized":"Allies of World War I","display":"Allies of World War I"},"pageid":2198871,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Le_grande_pavois_des_Allies_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Le_grande_pavois_des_Allies_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":224},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Le_grande_pavois_des_Allies_%28cropped%29.jpg/3840px-Le_grande_pavois_des_Allies_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":6437,"height":4374},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372805058","tid":"0a2b5209-a6b8-11f1-9d90-3cd15db1584a","timestamp":"2026-09-02T10:21:20Z","description":"Military coalition in World War I","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Allies_of_World_War_I"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Allies_of_World_War_I","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Allies_of_World_War_I"}},"extract":"The Allies or the Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by the French Republic, the United Kingdom, the Russian Empire, the United States, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Empire of Japan against the Central Powers of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).","extract_html":"The Allies or the Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by the French Republic, the United Kingdom, the Russian Empire, the United States, the Kingdom of Italy, and the Empire of Japan against the Central Powers of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
","normalizedtitle":"Allies of World War I"}],"year":1920},{"text":"The First Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents is held by the Makhnovshchina at Velykomykhailivka.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Regional_Congress_of_Peasants,_Workers_and_Insurgents","displaytitle":"Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q97273055","titles":{"canonical":"Regional_Congress_of_Peasants,_Workers_and_Insurgents","normalized":"Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents","display":"Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents"},"pageid":70074252,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F.svg/330px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":198},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F.svg/1280px-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1000,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1356560830","tid":"abe047c9-5aa2-11f1-add5-ebaab84b063c","timestamp":"2026-05-28T14:36:54Z","description":"Congress of Makhnovshchina","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Congress_of_Peasants%2C_Workers_and_Insurgents","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Congress_of_Peasants%2C_Workers_and_Insurgents?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Congress_of_Peasants%2C_Workers_and_Insurgents?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Regional_Congress_of_Peasants%2C_Workers_and_Insurgents"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Congress_of_Peasants%2C_Workers_and_Insurgents","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Regional_Congress_of_Peasants%2C_Workers_and_Insurgents","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_Congress_of_Peasants%2C_Workers_and_Insurgents?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Regional_Congress_of_Peasants%2C_Workers_and_Insurgents"}},"extract":"The Regional Congresses of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents represented the \"highest form of democratic authority\" within the political system of the Makhnovshchina. They brought together delegates from the region's peasantry, industrial workers and insurgent soldiers, which would discuss the issues at hand and take their decisions back with them to local popular assemblies.","extract_html":"The Regional Congresses of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents represented the \"highest form of democratic authority\" within the political system of the Makhnovshchina. They brought together delegates from the region's peasantry, industrial workers and insurgent soldiers, which would discuss the issues at hand and take their decisions back with them to local popular assemblies.
","normalizedtitle":"Regional Congress of Peasants, Workers and Insurgents"},{"type":"standard","title":"Makhnovshchina","displaytitle":"Makhnovshchina","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1436243","titles":{"canonical":"Makhnovshchina","normalized":"Makhnovshchina","display":"Makhnovshchina"},"pageid":4967825,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1364599762","tid":"1890de45-81e0-11f1-aa77-ce5094bf3c7f","timestamp":"2026-07-17T13:04:51Z","description":"Ukrainian anarchist movement","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":47.65,"lon":36.25},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhnovshchina","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhnovshchina?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhnovshchina?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Makhnovshchina"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhnovshchina","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Makhnovshchina","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhnovshchina?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Makhnovshchina"}},"extract":"The Makhnovshchina was a mass movement to establish anarchist communism during the Ukrainian War of Independence of 1917–1921. Named after Nestor Makhno, the commander-in-chief of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, its aim was to create a system of free soviets that would manage the transition towards a stateless and classless society. It controlled territory in southern and eastern Ukraine.","extract_html":"The Makhnovshchina was a mass movement to establish anarchist communism during the Ukrainian War of Independence of 1917–1921. Named after Nestor Makhno, the commander-in-chief of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, its aim was to create a system of free soviets that would manage the transition towards a stateless and classless society. It controlled territory in southern and eastern Ukraine.
","normalizedtitle":"Makhnovshchina"},{"type":"standard","title":"Velykomykhailivka","displaytitle":"Velykomykhailivka","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4106756","titles":{"canonical":"Velykomykhailivka","normalized":"Velykomykhailivka","display":"Velykomykhailivka"},"pageid":72163922,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_%D1%81._%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%29.jpg/330px-%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_%D1%81._%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%2C_%D1%81._%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0_%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3264,"height":2448},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1330314891","tid":"ce336f92-e5af-11f0-9b97-411d740fa0c0","timestamp":"2025-12-30T18:46:09Z","description":"Place in Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":47.97197778,"lon":36.472325},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velykomykhailivka","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velykomykhailivka?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velykomykhailivka?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Velykomykhailivka"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velykomykhailivka","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Velykomykhailivka","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velykomykhailivka?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Velykomykhailivka"}},"extract":"Velykomykhailivka is a Ukrainian village in the Synelnykove Raion of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. It is located on the right bank of the Vovcha River.","extract_html":"Velykomykhailivka is a Ukrainian village in the Synelnykove Raion of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. It is located on the right bank of the Vovcha River.
","normalizedtitle":"Velykomykhailivka"}],"year":1919},{"text":"The First International Opium Convention is signed at The Hague.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"First_International_Opium_Convention","displaytitle":"First International Opium Convention","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q751398","titles":{"canonical":"First_International_Opium_Convention","normalized":"First International Opium Convention","display":"First International Opium Convention"},"pageid":1514701,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Huis_Duin_en_Kruidberg%2C_Inventarisnummer_NL-HlmNHA_23849.JPG/330px-Huis_Duin_en_Kruidberg%2C_Inventarisnummer_NL-HlmNHA_23849.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":259},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/Huis_Duin_en_Kruidberg%2C_Inventarisnummer_NL-HlmNHA_23849.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2186,"height":1718},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368976910","tid":"88d826cd-9607-11f1-8e50-0176b4e9aed1","timestamp":"2026-08-12T04:37:33Z","description":"First international opium control treaty","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_International_Opium_Convention","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_International_Opium_Convention?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_International_Opium_Convention?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:First_International_Opium_Convention"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_International_Opium_Convention","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/First_International_Opium_Convention","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_International_Opium_Convention?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:First_International_Opium_Convention"}},"extract":"The First International Opium Convention is a former international treaty signed at The Hague in 1912. The conference were an international effort by states to regulate the trade of opium and suppress illicit opium consumption. It was followed in 1925 by the Second International Opium Convention signed in Geneva.","extract_html":"The First International Opium Convention is a former international treaty signed at The Hague in 1912. The conference were an international effort by states to regulate the trade of opium and suppress illicit opium consumption. It was followed in 1925 by the Second International Opium Convention signed in Geneva.
","normalizedtitle":"First International Opium Convention"},{"type":"standard","title":"The_Hague","displaytitle":"The Hague","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q36600","titles":{"canonical":"The_Hague","normalized":"The Hague","display":"The Hague"},"pageid":30269,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Den_Haag_Skyline_1.jpg/330px-Den_Haag_Skyline_1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":209},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Den_Haag_Skyline_1.jpg/3840px-Den_Haag_Skyline_1.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4276,"height":2702},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374211201","tid":"70ebe268-ad28-11f1-a0ee-07365fc3e5c9","timestamp":"2026-09-10T15:01:03Z","description":"City and municipality in the Netherlands","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":52.08,"lon":4.31},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:The_Hague"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/The_Hague","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hague?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:The_Hague"}},"extract":"The Hague is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands. Situated on the west coast facing the North Sea, The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and has been described as the country's de facto capital since the time of the Dutch Republic, while Amsterdam is the official capital of the Netherlands.","extract_html":"The Hague is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands. Situated on the west coast facing the North Sea, The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and has been described as the country's de facto capital since the time of the Dutch Republic, while Amsterdam is the official capital of the Netherlands.
","normalizedtitle":"The Hague"}],"year":1912},{"text":"RMS Republic, a passenger ship of the White Star Line, becomes the first ship to use the CQD distress signal after colliding with another ship, the SS Florida, off the Massachusetts coastline, an event that kills six people. The Republic sinks the next day.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"RMS_Republic","displaytitle":"RMS Republic","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1797740","titles":{"canonical":"RMS_Republic","normalized":"RMS Republic","display":"RMS Republic"},"pageid":1181469,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/RMS_Republic.jpg/330px-RMS_Republic.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":232},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/RMS_Republic.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":518,"height":364},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370560224","tid":"c07f63ce-9da3-11f1-a5e8-e8ae0f54dc57","timestamp":"2026-08-21T21:03:26Z","description":"Steamship","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":40.43333333,"lon":-69.76666667},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Republic","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Republic?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Republic?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:RMS_Republic"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Republic","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/RMS_Republic","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Republic?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:RMS_Republic"}},"extract":"RMS Republic was a steam-powered ocean liner built in 1903 by Harland and Wolff in Belfast, and lost at sea in a collision in 1909 while sailing for the White Star Line. The ship was equipped with a new Marconi wireless telegraphy transmitter, and issued a CQD distress call, resulting in the saving of around 1,500 lives, the first major marine rescue made possible by radio. Known as the \"Millionaires' Ship\" because of the number of wealthy Americans who traveled by her, she was described as a \"palatial liner\" and was the flagship of White Star Line's Boston service.","extract_html":"RMS Republic was a steam-powered ocean liner built in 1903 by Harland and Wolff in Belfast, and lost at sea in a collision in 1909 while sailing for the White Star Line. The ship was equipped with a new Marconi wireless telegraphy transmitter, and issued a CQD distress call, resulting in the saving of around 1,500 lives, the first major marine rescue made possible by radio. Known as the \"Millionaires' Ship\" because of the number of wealthy Americans who traveled by her, she was described as a \"palatial liner\" and was the flagship of White Star Line's Boston service.
","normalizedtitle":"RMS Republic"},{"type":"standard","title":"White_Star_Line","displaytitle":"White Star Line","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q320466","titles":{"canonical":"White_Star_Line","normalized":"White Star Line","display":"White Star Line"},"pageid":445158,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Whitestarline.svg/330px-Whitestarline.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":277},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Whitestarline.svg/500px-Whitestarline.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":461,"height":387},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372464256","tid":"1c0bd76d-a584-11f1-8001-c60b2a8c91c0","timestamp":"2026-08-31T21:37:05Z","description":"British shipping company (1845–1934)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Star_Line","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Star_Line?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Star_Line?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:White_Star_Line"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Star_Line","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/White_Star_Line","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Star_Line?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:White_Star_Line"}},"extract":"The White Star Line was a British shipping line. Founded out of the remains of a defunct packet company, it gradually grew to become one of the most prominent shipping companies in the world, providing passenger and cargo services between the British Empire and the United States. While many other shipping lines focused primarily on speed, White Star branded their services by focusing more on providing comfortable passages for both upper class travellers and steerage passengers.","extract_html":"The White Star Line was a British shipping line. Founded out of the remains of a defunct packet company, it gradually grew to become one of the most prominent shipping companies in the world, providing passenger and cargo services between the British Empire and the United States. While many other shipping lines focused primarily on speed, White Star branded their services by focusing more on providing comfortable passages for both upper class travellers and steerage passengers.
","normalizedtitle":"White Star Line"},{"type":"standard","title":"CQD","displaytitle":"CQD","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1163144","titles":{"canonical":"CQD","normalized":"CQD","display":"CQD"},"pageid":147056,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368898107","tid":"1db0353d-95b2-11f1-b5ba-fda4be7ba88b","timestamp":"2026-08-11T18:26:06Z","description":"Morse code distress call in the early 20th century","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CQD","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CQD?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CQD?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:CQD"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CQD","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/CQD","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CQD?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:CQD"}},"extract":"CQD is one of the first distress signals adopted for radio use. On 7 January 1904 the Marconi International Marine Communication Company issued \"Circular 57\", which specified that, for the company's installations, beginning 1 February 1904 \"the call to be given by ships in distress or in any way requiring assistance shall be 'C Q D'\".","extract_html":"CQD is one of the first distress signals adopted for radio use. On 7 January 1904 the Marconi International Marine Communication Company issued \"Circular 57\", which specified that, for the company's installations, beginning 1 February 1904 \"the call to be given by ships in distress or in any way requiring assistance shall be 'C Q D'\".
","normalizedtitle":"CQD"},{"type":"standard","title":"SS_Florida_(1905)","displaytitle":"SS Florida (1905)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2417640","titles":{"canonical":"SS_Florida_(1905)","normalized":"SS Florida (1905)","display":"SS Florida (1905)"},"pageid":74352914,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/%22Florida%22_After_Collision_with_%22Republic%22.jpg/330px-%22Florida%22_After_Collision_with_%22Republic%22.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":256},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/%22Florida%22_After_Collision_with_%22Republic%22.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2670,"height":2069},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1361230115","tid":"384d5aae-7172-11f1-88a2-a28c6d9fc0cc","timestamp":"2026-06-26T15:18:01Z","description":"Italian passenger steamship","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Florida_(1905)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Florida_(1905)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Florida_(1905)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:SS_Florida_(1905)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Florida_(1905)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/SS_Florida_(1905)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Florida_(1905)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:SS_Florida_(1905)"}},"extract":"SS Florida was an Italian transatlantic passenger steamship.She was built in 1905, mainly to carry emigrants. In 1909 she collided with the White Star Liner RMS Republic in the North Atlantic. Seven people were killed, and Republic sank. In 1912 she was renamed Cavour. In 1917 she was involved in a collision with the Italian Auxiliary cruiser Caprera in the Mediterranean. Cavour sank, but no-one was killed.","extract_html":"SS Florida was an Italian transatlantic passenger steamship.She was built in 1905, mainly to carry emigrants. In 1909 she collided with the White Star Liner RMS Republic in the North Atlantic. Seven people were killed, and Republic sank. In 1912 she was renamed Cavour. In 1917 she was involved in a collision with the Italian Auxiliary cruiser Caprera in the Mediterranean. Cavour sank, but no-one was killed.
","normalizedtitle":"SS Florida (1905)"}],"year":1909},{"text":"Ålesund Fire: The Norwegian coastal town Ålesund is devastated by fire, leaving 10,000 people homeless and one person dead. Kaiser Wilhelm II funds the rebuilding of the town in Jugendstil style.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Ålesund_fire","displaytitle":"Ålesund fire","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3149826","titles":{"canonical":"Ålesund_fire","normalized":"Ålesund fire","display":"Ålesund fire"},"pageid":717586,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/General_view%2C_Alesund%2C_Norway.jpg/330px-General_view%2C_Alesund%2C_Norway.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":243},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/General_view%2C_Alesund%2C_Norway.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1024,"height":755},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1306469873","tid":"817c6a47-7bbb-11f0-bd7a-535855a3c533","timestamp":"2025-08-17T22:42:51Z","description":"1904 fire which destroyed Ålesund, Norway","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":62.474,"lon":6.1582},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85lesund_fire","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85lesund_fire?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85lesund_fire?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:%C3%85lesund_fire"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85lesund_fire","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/%C3%85lesund_fire","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85lesund_fire?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:%C3%85lesund_fire"}},"extract":"The Ålesund fire happened on 23 January 1904 in the Norwegian city of Ålesund. It destroyed almost the whole city centre, built mostly of wood, like the majority of Norwegian towns at the time. The town has since been rebuilt and it is now the administrative centre of Ålesund Municipality.","extract_html":"The Ålesund fire happened on 23 January 1904 in the Norwegian city of Ålesund. It destroyed almost the whole city centre, built mostly of wood, like the majority of Norwegian towns at the time. The town has since been rebuilt and it is now the administrative centre of Ålesund Municipality.
","normalizedtitle":"Ålesund fire"},{"type":"standard","title":"Ålesund","displaytitle":"Ålesund","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q42900680","titles":{"canonical":"Ålesund","normalized":"Ålesund","display":"Ålesund"},"pageid":18950508,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/View_on_%C3%85lesund.jpg/330px-View_on_%C3%85lesund.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/View_on_%C3%85lesund.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2400,"height":1800},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373794101","tid":"dec1beee-ab18-11f1-a5c0-0d62926d2ea4","timestamp":"2026-09-08T00:04:33Z","description":"Town/City in Western Norway, Norway","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":62.47226,"lon":6.1549},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85lesund","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85lesund?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85lesund?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:%C3%85lesund"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85lesund","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/%C3%85lesund","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85lesund?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:%C3%85lesund"}},"extract":"Ålesund is a town in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of Ålesund Municipality. The centre of the town of Ålesund lies on the islands of Hessa, Aspøya, and Nørve with newer developments located on the islands of Uksenøya the outer parts of the \"urban area\" even stretch onto the island of Sula which is in the neighboring Sula Municipality.","extract_html":"Ålesund is a town in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. The town is the administrative centre of Ålesund Municipality. The centre of the town of Ålesund lies on the islands of Hessa, Aspøya, and Nørve with newer developments located on the islands of Uksenøya the outer parts of the \"urban area\" even stretch onto the island of Sula which is in the neighboring Sula Municipality.
","normalizedtitle":"Ålesund"},{"type":"standard","title":"Kaiser","displaytitle":"Kaiser","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q138340","titles":{"canonical":"Kaiser","normalized":"Kaiser","display":"Kaiser"},"pageid":163426,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Portrayal_of_Franz_Joseph_and_his_wife_Elisabeth_on_a_millennium_memorial_leaf_with_the_crown.jpg/330px-Portrayal_of_Franz_Joseph_and_his_wife_Elisabeth_on_a_millennium_memorial_leaf_with_the_crown.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":264},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Portrayal_of_Franz_Joseph_and_his_wife_Elisabeth_on_a_millennium_memorial_leaf_with_the_crown.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":593,"height":474},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366569740","tid":"14f2346d-8abf-11f1-bd85-b6a81b9d4e9a","timestamp":"2026-07-28T20:01:12Z","description":"German word for \"emperor\", associated with rulers of the German Empire (1871–1918)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kaiser"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Kaiser","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Kaiser"}},"extract":"Kaiser is the title historically used by German and Austrian emperors. In German, the title in principle applies to rulers anywhere in the world above the rank of king. In English, the word kaiser is mainly applied to the emperors of the unified German Empire (1871–1918) and the emperors of the Austrian Empire (1804–1918). During the First World War, anti-German sentiment was at its zenith; the term kaiser—especially as applied to Wilhelm II—thus gained considerable negative connotations in English-speaking countries.","extract_html":"Kaiser is the title historically used by German and Austrian emperors. In German, the title in principle applies to rulers anywhere in the world above the rank of king. In English, the word kaiser is mainly applied to the emperors of the unified German Empire (1871–1918) and the emperors of the Austrian Empire (1804–1918). During the First World War, anti-German sentiment was at its zenith; the term kaiser—especially as applied to Wilhelm II—thus gained considerable negative connotations in English-speaking countries.
","normalizedtitle":"Kaiser"},{"type":"standard","title":"Wilhelm_II","displaytitle":"Wilhelm II","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2677","titles":{"canonical":"Wilhelm_II","normalized":"Wilhelm II","display":"Wilhelm II"},"pageid":50450,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_of_Germany_-_1902_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/330px-Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_of_Germany_-_1902_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Kaiser_Wilhelm_II_of_Germany_-_1902_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3743,"height":4990},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370792742","tid":"fa8262a2-9ea0-11f1-9c19-1852e47a434b","timestamp":"2026-08-23T03:16:06Z","description":"German Emperor from 1888 to 1918","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wilhelm_II"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Wilhelm_II","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_II?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Wilhelm_II"}},"extract":"Wilhelm II was the last German Emperor from 1888 until his abdication in 1918. His fall from power marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 400-year rule over Prussia.","extract_html":"Wilhelm II was the last German Emperor from 1888 until his abdication in 1918. His fall from power marked the end of the German Empire as well as the Hohenzollern dynasty's 400-year rule over Prussia.
","normalizedtitle":"Wilhelm II"},{"type":"standard","title":"Jugendstil","displaytitle":"Jugendstil","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1294605","titles":{"canonical":"Jugendstil","normalized":"Jugendstil","display":"Jugendstil"},"pageid":59559,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Mathildenhoehe-ernst-ludwig-haus-076.jpg/330px-Mathildenhoehe-ernst-ludwig-haus-076.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Mathildenhoehe-ernst-ludwig-haus-076.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3724,"height":2802},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1362490749","tid":"bf598ea7-7781-11f1-9e74-5a1c9ce8672b","timestamp":"2026-07-04T08:24:17Z","description":"Artistic movement; German equivalent of Art Nouveau","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugendstil","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugendstil?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugendstil?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jugendstil"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugendstil","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Jugendstil","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugendstil?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Jugendstil"}},"extract":"Jugendstil was an artistic movement, particularly in the decorative arts, that was influential primarily in Germany, Austria, and elsewhere in Europe to a lesser extent from about 1895 until about 1910. It was the German and Austrian counterpart of Art Nouveau. The members of the movement were reacting against the historicism and neo-classicism of the official art and architecture academies. It took its name from the art journal Jugend, founded by the German artist Georg Hirth. It was especially active in the graphic arts and interior decoration.","extract_html":"Jugendstil was an artistic movement, particularly in the decorative arts, that was influential primarily in Germany, Austria, and elsewhere in Europe to a lesser extent from about 1895 until about 1910. It was the German and Austrian counterpart of Art Nouveau. The members of the movement were reacting against the historicism and neo-classicism of the official art and architecture academies. It took its name from the art journal Jugend, founded by the German artist Georg Hirth. It was especially active in the graphic arts and interior decoration.
","normalizedtitle":"Jugendstil"}],"year":1904},{"text":"Second Boer War: The Battle of Spion Kop between the forces of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State and British forces ends in a British defeat.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Second_Boer_War","displaytitle":"Second Boer War","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q215112","titles":{"canonical":"Second_Boer_War","normalized":"Second Boer War","display":"Second Boer War"},"pageid":42720,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Second_Boer_War_Collage.png/330px-Second_Boer_War_Collage.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":342},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/85/Second_Boer_War_Collage.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2662,"height":2761},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374187802","tid":"4e959e15-ad07-11f1-bead-5aa4b856e985","timestamp":"2026-09-10T11:03:52Z","description":"1899–1902 war in South Africa","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Second_Boer_War"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Second_Boer_War","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Second_Boer_War"}},"extract":"The Second Boer War was a conflict fought between 1899 and 1902 between the British Empire and the Boer republics over Britain's influence in Southern Africa.","extract_html":"The Second Boer War was a conflict fought between 1899 and 1902 between the British Empire and the Boer republics over Britain's influence in Southern Africa.
","normalizedtitle":"Second Boer War"},{"type":"standard","title":"Battle_of_Spion_Kop","displaytitle":"Battle of Spion Kop","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1072592","titles":{"canonical":"Battle_of_Spion_Kop","normalized":"Battle of Spion Kop","display":"Battle of Spion Kop"},"pageid":988122,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg/330px-Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":230},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Boers_at_Spion_Kop%2C_1900_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16462.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":750,"height":523},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374078287","tid":"658dafac-ac79-11f1-8a0d-f330602a6861","timestamp":"2026-09-09T18:08:02Z","description":"1900 battle of the Second Boer War","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":-28.65,"lon":29.51638889},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Spion_Kop","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Spion_Kop?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Spion_Kop?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Spion_Kop"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Spion_Kop","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Battle_of_Spion_Kop","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Spion_Kop?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Spion_Kop"}},"extract":"The Battle of Spion Kop was a military engagement between British forces and two Boer Republics, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State, during the campaign by the British to relieve the besieged city Ladysmith during the initial months of the Second Boer War. The battle was fought 23–24 January 1900 on the hilltop of Spioen Kop(a), about 38 km (24 mi) west-southwest of Ladysmith and resulted in a Boer victory.","extract_html":"The Battle of Spion Kop was a military engagement between British forces and two Boer Republics, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State, during the campaign by the British to relieve the besieged city Ladysmith during the initial months of the Second Boer War. The battle was fought 23–24 January 1900 on the hilltop of Spioen Kop(a), about 38 km (24 mi) west-southwest of Ladysmith and resulted in a Boer victory.
","normalizedtitle":"Battle of Spion Kop"},{"type":"standard","title":"South_African_Republic","displaytitle":"South African Republic","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q550374","titles":{"canonical":"South_African_Republic","normalized":"South African Republic","display":"South African Republic"},"pageid":28343,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Transvaal.svg/330px-Flag_of_Transvaal.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Transvaal.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Transvaal.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1200,"height":800},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374165638","tid":"901152ff-acdd-11f1-9f15-cfa6d33c9be9","timestamp":"2026-09-10T06:05:03Z","description":"1852–1902 Boer republic in Southern Africa","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Republic","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Republic?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Republic?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:South_African_Republic"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Republic","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/South_African_Republic","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_Republic?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:South_African_Republic"}},"extract":"The South African Republic, also known as the Transvaal Republic, was a landlocked independent Boer republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when it was annexed into the British Empire as a result of the Second Boer War.","extract_html":"The South African Republic, also known as the Transvaal Republic, was a landlocked independent Boer republic in Southern Africa which existed from 1852 to 1902, when it was annexed into the British Empire as a result of the Second Boer War.
","normalizedtitle":"South African Republic"},{"type":"standard","title":"Orange_Free_State","displaytitle":"Orange Free State","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q218023","titles":{"canonical":"Orange_Free_State","normalized":"Orange Free State","display":"Orange Free State"},"pageid":180208,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_the_Orange_Free_State.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Orange_Free_State.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Flag_of_the_Orange_Free_State.svg/500px-Flag_of_the_Orange_Free_State.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":420,"height":280},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371598345","tid":"09477b49-a1f3-11f1-83f3-32d73e308081","timestamp":"2026-08-27T08:41:03Z","description":"1854–1902 Boer republic in Southern Africa","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":-29,"lon":26},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Free_State","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Free_State?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Free_State?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Orange_Free_State"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Free_State","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Orange_Free_State","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Free_State?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Orange_Free_State"}},"extract":"The Orange Free State was a landlocked independent Boer republic in Southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, which ceased to exist after it was defeated and surrendered to the British Empire at the end of the Second Boer War in 1902. It is one of the three historical precursors to the present-day Free State province.","extract_html":"The Orange Free State was a landlocked independent Boer republic in Southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, which ceased to exist after it was defeated and surrendered to the British Empire at the end of the Second Boer War in 1902. It is one of the three historical precursors to the present-day Free State province.
","normalizedtitle":"Orange Free State"}],"year":1900},{"text":"The Malolos Constitution is inaugurated, establishing the First Philippine Republic. Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as its first president.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Malolos_Constitution","displaytitle":"Malolos Constitution","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3549010","titles":{"canonical":"Malolos_Constitution","normalized":"Malolos Constitution","display":"Malolos Constitution"},"pageid":14743361,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/General_Aguinaldo_%28seated%2C_center%29_and_ten_of_the_delegates_to_the_first_Assembly_of_Representatives_that_passed_the_Con_-_NARA_-_530993.tif/lossy-page1-330px-General_Aguinaldo_%28seated%2C_center%29_and_ten_of_the_delegates_to_the_first_Assembly_of_Representatives_that_passed_the_Con_-_NARA_-_530993.tif.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":259},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/General_Aguinaldo_%28seated%2C_center%29_and_ten_of_the_delegates_to_the_first_Assembly_of_Representatives_that_passed_the_Con_-_NARA_-_530993.tif/lossy-page1-1920px-General_Aguinaldo_%28seated%2C_center%29_and_ten_of_the_delegates_to_the_first_Assembly_of_Representatives_that_passed_the_Con_-_NARA_-_530993.tif.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":3000,"height":2359},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373343445","tid":"cf305498-a929-11f1-b753-5f9deb1ce31a","timestamp":"2026-09-05T13:00:46Z","description":"1899 constitution of the First Philippine Republic","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolos_Constitution","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolos_Constitution?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolos_Constitution?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Malolos_Constitution"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolos_Constitution","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Malolos_Constitution","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malolos_Constitution?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Malolos_Constitution"}},"extract":"The Political Constitution of 1899, informally known as the Malolos Constitution, was the constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno. After a lengthy debate in the latter part of 1898, it was promulgated on January 21, 1899.","extract_html":"The Political Constitution of 1899, informally known as the Malolos Constitution, was the constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno. After a lengthy debate in the latter part of 1898, it was promulgated on January 21, 1899.
","normalizedtitle":"Malolos Constitution"},{"type":"standard","title":"First_Philippine_Republic","displaytitle":"First Philippine Republic","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1361989","titles":{"canonical":"First_Philippine_Republic","normalized":"First Philippine Republic","display":"First Philippine Republic"},"pageid":5699973,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281898%E2%80%931901%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281898%E2%80%931901%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":165},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281898%E2%80%931901%29.svg/3840px-Flag_of_the_Philippines_%281898%E2%80%931901%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":2960,"height":1480},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365914034","tid":"d1f34431-87e0-11f1-9c1f-6240337c0763","timestamp":"2026-07-25T04:25:09Z","description":"Self-proclaimed independent republic, 1899–1901","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:First_Philippine_Republic"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/First_Philippine_Republic","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Philippine_Republic?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:First_Philippine_Republic"}},"extract":"The Philippine Republic, retroactively known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic, was an unrecognized state established in Malolos, Bulacan, during the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire (1896–1898) through the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution on January 23, 1899, succeeding the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines. Emilio Aguinaldo was its inaugural president. It was not recognized by any foreign power, but remained a de facto government.\nFollowing the American victory at the Battle of Manila Bay, Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines, issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898, and proclaimed successive revolutionary Philippine governments on June 18 and 23 of that year, under which regimes the liberation of Philippine territory from Spain was conducted.","extract_html":"The Philippine Republic, retroactively known as the First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic, was an unrecognized state established in Malolos, Bulacan, during the Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire (1896–1898) through the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution on January 23, 1899, succeeding the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines. Emilio Aguinaldo was its inaugural president. It was not recognized by any foreign power, but remained a de facto government.\nFollowing the American victory at the Battle of Manila Bay, Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines, issued the Philippine Declaration of Independence on June 12, 1898, and proclaimed successive revolutionary Philippine governments on June 18 and 23 of that year, under which regimes the liberation of Philippine territory from Spain was conducted.
","normalizedtitle":"First Philippine Republic"},{"type":"standard","title":"Emilio_Aguinaldo","displaytitle":"Emilio Aguinaldo","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q188939","titles":{"canonical":"Emilio_Aguinaldo","normalized":"Emilio Aguinaldo","display":"Emilio Aguinaldo"},"pageid":144026,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emilio_Aguinaldo_ca._1919_%28Restored%29.jpg/330px-Emilio_Aguinaldo_ca._1919_%28Restored%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":450},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emilio_Aguinaldo_ca._1919_%28Restored%29.jpg/3840px-Emilio_Aguinaldo_ca._1919_%28Restored%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":6692,"height":9128},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373672140","tid":"7fb16ae3-aa82-11f1-8d7b-3a8351fb6ba2","timestamp":"2026-09-07T06:08:09Z","description":"Filipino revolutionary leader (1869–1964)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Emilio_Aguinaldo"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Emilio_Aguinaldo","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Emilio_Aguinaldo"}},"extract":"Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino revolutionary, politician, and military leader who served as president of the Philippines from 1899 to 1901, and the president of the first constitutional republic in Asia. He led Philippine forces first against Spain in the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898), then in the Spanish–American War (1898), and later against the United States during the Philippine–American War (1899–1901). He is regarded in the Philippines as the country's first president during the period of the First Philippine Republic, although his presidency was not widely recognized outside of the revolutionary Philippines.","extract_html":"Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy was a Filipino revolutionary, politician, and military leader who served as president of the Philippines from 1899 to 1901, and the president of the first constitutional republic in Asia. He led Philippine forces first against Spain in the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898), then in the Spanish–American War (1898), and later against the United States during the Philippine–American War (1899–1901). He is regarded in the Philippines as the country's first president during the period of the First Philippine Republic, although his presidency was not widely recognized outside of the revolutionary Philippines.
","normalizedtitle":"Emilio Aguinaldo"},{"type":"standard","title":"List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines","displaytitle":"List of presidents of the Philippines","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q269860","titles":{"canonical":"List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines","normalized":"List of presidents of the Philippines","display":"List of presidents of the Philippines"},"pageid":886794,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace_%28local_img%29.jpg/330px-Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace_%28local_img%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":186},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/20/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace_%28local_img%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1650,"height":928},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370358115","tid":"5345d2ca-9cbe-11f1-bd7b-a5452a6fa150","timestamp":"2026-08-20T17:41:08Z","description":"","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:List_of_presidents_of_the_Philippines"}},"extract":"Under the Constitution of the Philippines, the president of the Philippines is both the head of state and government, and serves as the commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces. The president is directly elected by qualified voters to a six-year term and must be \"a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least forty years of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such election\". No elected president can seek re-election. Upon resignation, or removal from the office, the vice president assumes the post. A president's successor who hasn't served for more than four years can still seek a full term for the presidency.","extract_html":"Under the Constitution of the Philippines, the president of the Philippines is both the head of state and government, and serves as the commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces. The president is directly elected by qualified voters to a six-year term and must be \"a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least forty years of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding such election\". No elected president can seek re-election. Upon resignation, or removal from the office, the vice president assumes the post. A president's successor who hasn't served for more than four years can still seek a full term for the presidency.
","normalizedtitle":"List of presidents of the Philippines"},{"type":"standard","title":"President_of_the_Philippines","displaytitle":"President of the Philippines","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1209571","titles":{"canonical":"President_of_the_Philippines","normalized":"President of the Philippines","display":"President of the Philippines"},"pageid":271126,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/330px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg/3840px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_Philippines.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":2023,"height":2023},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373761408","tid":"98a736e4-aaf5-11f1-89a2-9608456dc4c4","timestamp":"2026-09-07T19:52:03Z","description":"Head of state and government","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:President_of_the_Philippines"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/President_of_the_Philippines","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:President_of_the_Philippines"}},"extract":"President of the Philippines is the title of the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.","extract_html":"President of the Philippines is the title of the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
","normalizedtitle":"President of the Philippines"}],"year":1899},{"text":"Anglo-Zulu War: The Battle of Rorke's Drift ends.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Anglo-Zulu_War","displaytitle":"Anglo-Zulu War","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q228911","titles":{"canonical":"Anglo-Zulu_War","normalized":"Anglo-Zulu War","display":"Anglo-Zulu War"},"pageid":158145,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Anglo-Zulu_War_collage.png/330px-Anglo-Zulu_War_collage.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":222},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Anglo-Zulu_War_collage.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2000,"height":1343},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371261450","tid":"008a64f4-a090-11f1-962a-e29a6adbd1f0","timestamp":"2026-08-25T14:19:37Z","description":"British colonial war in 1879","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Anglo-Zulu_War"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Anglo-Zulu_War","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Anglo-Zulu_War"}},"extract":"The Anglo-Zulu War, or simply the Zulu War, was fought in present-day South Africa from January to early July 1879 between forces of the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Two famous battles of the war were the Zulu victory at Isandlwana and the British defence at Rorke's Drift.","extract_html":"The Anglo-Zulu War, or simply the Zulu War, was fought in present-day South Africa from January to early July 1879 between forces of the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom. Two famous battles of the war were the Zulu victory at Isandlwana and the British defence at Rorke's Drift.
","normalizedtitle":"Anglo-Zulu War"},{"type":"standard","title":"Battle_of_Rorke's_Drift","displaytitle":"Battle of Rorke's Drift","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1123353","titles":{"canonical":"Battle_of_Rorke's_Drift","normalized":"Battle of Rorke's Drift","display":"Battle of Rorke's Drift"},"pageid":81089,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alphonse_de_Neuville_-_The_defence_of_Rorke%27s_Drift_1879_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Alphonse_de_Neuville_-_The_defence_of_Rorke%27s_Drift_1879_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":196},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Alphonse_de_Neuville_-_The_defence_of_Rorke%27s_Drift_1879_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/3840px-Alphonse_de_Neuville_-_The_defence_of_Rorke%27s_Drift_1879_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":5001,"height":2967},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374083870","tid":"552d02cc-ac80-11f1-8568-0cf2b4f8543a","timestamp":"2026-09-09T18:57:41Z","description":"1879 battle of the Anglo-Zulu War","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":-28.35805556,"lon":30.53666667},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rorke's_Drift","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rorke's_Drift?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rorke's_Drift?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Rorke's_Drift"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rorke's_Drift","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Battle_of_Rorke's_Drift","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rorke's_Drift?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Rorke's_Drift"}},"extract":"The Battle of Rorke's Drift, also known as the Defence of Rorke's Drift, was an engagement in the Anglo-Zulu War. The successful British defence of the Swedish mission station and British supply depot at Rorke's Drift, it was carried out by a vastly outnumbered British force under the command of Lieutenants John Chard of the Royal Engineers and Gonville Bromhead of the 24th Regiment of Foot. It holds the record for the largest number of Victoria Crosses awarded for a single battle. After a large contingent of Zulu warriors broke off from the main force during the final hours of the British defeat at the day-long Battle of Isandlwana on 22 January 1879, they travelled ten kilometres to attack Rorke's Drift later that day, with fighting continuing into the following day.","extract_html":"The Battle of Rorke's Drift, also known as the Defence of Rorke's Drift, was an engagement in the Anglo-Zulu War. The successful British defence of the Swedish mission station and British supply depot at Rorke's Drift, it was carried out by a vastly outnumbered British force under the command of Lieutenants John Chard of the Royal Engineers and Gonville Bromhead of the 24th Regiment of Foot. It holds the record for the largest number of Victoria Crosses awarded for a single battle. After a large contingent of Zulu warriors broke off from the main force during the final hours of the British defeat at the day-long Battle of Isandlwana on 22 January 1879, they travelled ten kilometres to attack Rorke's Drift later that day, with fighting continuing into the following day.
","normalizedtitle":"Battle of Rorke's Drift"}],"year":1879},{"text":"In Montana, U.S. cavalrymen kill 173 Native Americans, mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the Marias Massacre.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Montana","displaytitle":"Montana","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1212","titles":{"canonical":"Montana","normalized":"Montana","display":"Montana"},"pageid":19978,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Montana.svg/330px-Flag_of_Montana.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_Montana.svg/960px-Flag_of_Montana.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":768,"height":512},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373682330","tid":"687b7ad9-aa94-11f1-b581-b4960ff59107","timestamp":"2026-09-07T08:16:21Z","description":"U.S. state","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":47,"lon":-110},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Montana"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Montana","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Montana"}},"extract":"Montana is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. It is the fourth-largest state by area, but the eighth-least populous state and the third-least densely populated state. Its capital is Helena, while the most populous city is Billings. The western half of the state contains numerous mountain ranges, particularly the Rocky Mountains, while the eastern half is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands, with smaller mountain ranges found throughout the state.","extract_html":"Montana is a landlocked state in the Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. It is the fourth-largest state by area, but the eighth-least populous state and the third-least densely populated state. Its capital is Helena, while the most populous city is Billings. The western half of the state contains numerous mountain ranges, particularly the Rocky Mountains, while the eastern half is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands, with smaller mountain ranges found throughout the state.
","normalizedtitle":"Montana"},{"type":"standard","title":"Native_Americans_in_the_United_States","displaytitle":"Native Americans in the United States","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q49297","titles":{"canonical":"Native_Americans_in_the_United_States","normalized":"Native Americans in the United States","display":"Native Americans in the United States"},"pageid":21217,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Indigenous_Americans_by_county.png/330px-Indigenous_Americans_by_county.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":176},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Indigenous_Americans_by_county.png/3840px-Indigenous_Americans_by_county.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":7500,"height":4000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371464954","tid":"e07aa417-a168-11f1-95c1-54e4887465d8","timestamp":"2026-08-26T16:12:04Z","description":"Indigenous peoples of the United States","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Native_Americans_in_the_United_States"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Native_Americans_in_the_United_States"}},"extract":"Native Americans are the Indigenous peoples of the United States, particularly of the lower 48 states and Alaska. They may also include any Americans whose origins lie in any of the Indigenous peoples of North or South America. The United States Census Bureau publishes data about \"American Indians and Alaska Natives\", whom it defines as anyone \"having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America ... and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment\". The census does not, however, enumerate \"Native Americans\" as such, noting that the latter term can encompass a broader set of groups, e.g. Native Hawaiians, which it tabulates separately.","extract_html":"Native Americans are the Indigenous peoples of the United States, particularly of the lower 48 states and Alaska. They may also include any Americans whose origins lie in any of the Indigenous peoples of North or South America. The United States Census Bureau publishes data about \"American Indians and Alaska Natives\", whom it defines as anyone \"having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America ... and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment\". The census does not, however, enumerate \"Native Americans\" as such, noting that the latter term can encompass a broader set of groups, e.g. Native Hawaiians, which it tabulates separately.
","normalizedtitle":"Native Americans in the United States"},{"type":"standard","title":"Marias_Massacre","displaytitle":"Marias Massacre","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4120018","titles":{"canonical":"Marias_Massacre","normalized":"Marias Massacre","display":"Marias Massacre"},"pageid":209884,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373038300","tid":"c885cef1-a7bf-11f1-9731-45365f2e35ca","timestamp":"2026-09-03T17:49:17Z","description":"January 1870 killing of Native Americans by the U.S. Army in Montana","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":48.39472222,"lon":-111.65527778},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marias_Massacre","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marias_Massacre?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marias_Massacre?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marias_Massacre"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marias_Massacre","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Marias_Massacre","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marias_Massacre?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Marias_Massacre"}},"extract":"The Marias Massacre was a massacre of Piegan Blackfeet Native peoples committed by United States Army forces under Major Eugene Mortimer Baker as part of the Indian Wars. The massacre occurred on January 23, 1870, in Montana Territory. Approximately 200 Native people were killed, most of whom were women, children, and older men.","extract_html":"The Marias Massacre was a massacre of Piegan Blackfeet Native peoples committed by United States Army forces under Major Eugene Mortimer Baker as part of the Indian Wars. The massacre occurred on January 23, 1870, in Montana Territory. Approximately 200 Native people were killed, most of whom were women, children, and older men.
","normalizedtitle":"Marias Massacre"}],"year":1870},{"text":"Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Geneva Medical College of Geneva, New York, becoming the United States' first female doctor.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Elizabeth_Blackwell","displaytitle":"Elizabeth Blackwell","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q234572","titles":{"canonical":"Elizabeth_Blackwell","normalized":"Elizabeth Blackwell","display":"Elizabeth Blackwell"},"pageid":2024825,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Elizabeth_Blackwell.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":288,"height":405},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Elizabeth_Blackwell.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":288,"height":405},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371709748","tid":"e28157c4-a27b-11f1-b450-91e3f09c705d","timestamp":"2026-08-28T01:00:39Z","description":"British-American physician (1821–1910)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elizabeth_Blackwell"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Elizabeth_Blackwell","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Elizabeth_Blackwell"}},"extract":"Elizabeth Blackwell was an English-American physician, notable as the first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, and the first woman on the Medical Register of the General Medical Council for the United Kingdom. Blackwell played an important role in both the United States and the United Kingdom as a social reformer, and was a pioneer in promoting education for women in medicine. Her contributions remain celebrated with the Elizabeth Blackwell Medal, awarded annually to a woman who has made a significant contribution to the promotion of women in medicine.","extract_html":"Elizabeth Blackwell was an English-American physician, notable as the first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, and the first woman on the Medical Register of the General Medical Council for the United Kingdom. Blackwell played an important role in both the United States and the United Kingdom as a social reformer, and was a pioneer in promoting education for women in medicine. Her contributions remain celebrated with the Elizabeth Blackwell Medal, awarded annually to a woman who has made a significant contribution to the promotion of women in medicine.
","normalizedtitle":"Elizabeth Blackwell"},{"type":"standard","title":"Geneva_Medical_College","displaytitle":"Geneva Medical College","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5533018","titles":{"canonical":"Geneva_Medical_College","normalized":"Geneva Medical College","display":"Geneva Medical College"},"pageid":27603787,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Geneva_medical_college.jpg/330px-Geneva_medical_college.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":228},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Geneva_medical_college.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":376,"height":260},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369579448","tid":"3fc9f06a-98ef-11f1-92dc-f44c53aaf871","timestamp":"2026-08-15T21:21:16Z","description":"Defunct American medical school","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Medical_College","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Medical_College?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Medical_College?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Geneva_Medical_College"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Medical_College","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Geneva_Medical_College","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Medical_College?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Geneva_Medical_College"}},"extract":"Geneva Medical College was founded on September 15, 1834, in Geneva, New York, as a separate department (college) of Geneva College, currently known as Hobart and William Smith Colleges. In 1871, the medical school was transferred to Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York.","extract_html":"Geneva Medical College was founded on September 15, 1834, in Geneva, New York, as a separate department (college) of Geneva College, currently known as Hobart and William Smith Colleges. In 1871, the medical school was transferred to Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York.
","normalizedtitle":"Geneva Medical College"},{"type":"standard","title":"Geneva,_New_York","displaytitle":"Geneva, New York","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1378284","titles":{"canonical":"Geneva,_New_York","normalized":"Geneva, New York","display":"Geneva, New York"},"pageid":230151,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Geneva%2C_NY_copy.jpg/330px-Geneva%2C_NY_copy.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Geneva%2C_NY_copy.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1080,"height":720},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373839777","tid":"7f7ea105-ab4e-11f1-a294-4c692e27126c","timestamp":"2026-09-08T06:28:26Z","description":"City in New York, United States","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":42.87888889,"lon":-76.99305556},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva%2C_New_York","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva%2C_New_York?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva%2C_New_York?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Geneva%2C_New_York"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva%2C_New_York","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Geneva%2C_New_York","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva%2C_New_York?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Geneva%2C_New_York"}},"extract":"Geneva is a city in Ontario and Seneca counties in the U.S. state of New York. It is at the northern end of Seneca Lake; all land portions of the city are within Ontario County; the water portions are in Seneca County. The population was 12,812 at the 2020 census. The city is supposedly named after the city and canton of Geneva in Switzerland. The main settlement of the Seneca was spelled Zoneshio by early European settlers, and was described as being two miles north of Seneca Lake.","extract_html":"Geneva is a city in Ontario and Seneca counties in the U.S. state of New York. It is at the northern end of Seneca Lake; all land portions of the city are within Ontario County; the water portions are in Seneca County. The population was 12,812 at the 2020 census. The city is supposedly named after the city and canton of Geneva in Switzerland. The main settlement of the Seneca was spelled Zoneshio by early European settlers, and was described as being two miles north of Seneca Lake.
","normalizedtitle":"Geneva, New York"}],"year":1849},{"text":"Slavery in Tunisia is abolished.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Slavery_in_Tunisia","displaytitle":"Slavery in Tunisia","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3057917","titles":{"canonical":"Slavery_in_Tunisia","normalized":"Slavery in Tunisia","display":"Slavery in Tunisia"},"pageid":45318426,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Abolition_of_Slavery_in_Tunisia_1846.pdf/page1-330px-Abolition_of_Slavery_in_Tunisia_1846.pdf.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":290},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Abolition_of_Slavery_in_Tunisia_1846.pdf/page1-1280px-Abolition_of_Slavery_in_Tunisia_1846.pdf.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1285,"height":1131},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374120035","tid":"d26d6cf2-acaa-11f1-b1eb-c9d36dd3ed75","timestamp":"2026-09-10T00:01:50Z","description":"","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Tunisia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Tunisia?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Tunisia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Slavery_in_Tunisia"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Tunisia","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Slavery_in_Tunisia","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Tunisia?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Slavery_in_Tunisia"}},"extract":"Slavery in Tunisia was a specific manifestation of the Arab slave trade, which was abolished on 23 January 1846 by Ahmed I Bey. Tunisia was in a similar position to that of Algeria, with a geographic position which linked it with the main Trans-Saharan routes. It received caravans from Fezzan and Ghadamès, which consisted solely, in the eighteenth century, of gold powder and slaves, according to contemporary witnesses.","extract_html":"Slavery in Tunisia was a specific manifestation of the Arab slave trade, which was abolished on 23 January 1846 by Ahmed I Bey. Tunisia was in a similar position to that of Algeria, with a geographic position which linked it with the main Trans-Saharan routes. It received caravans from Fezzan and Ghadamès, which consisted solely, in the eighteenth century, of gold powder and slaves, according to contemporary witnesses.
","normalizedtitle":"Slavery in Tunisia"}],"year":1846},{"text":"After crossing the frozen Zuiderzee, the French cavalry capture 14 Dutch ships and 850 guns, in a rare occurrence of surrender of naval vessels to land forces.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Zuiderzee","displaytitle":"Zuiderzee","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q228655","titles":{"canonical":"Zuiderzee","normalized":"Zuiderzee","display":"Zuiderzee"},"pageid":52910,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seven_United_Netherlands_Janssonius_1658.jpg/330px-Seven_United_Netherlands_Janssonius_1658.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":285},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Seven_United_Netherlands_Janssonius_1658.jpg/3840px-Seven_United_Netherlands_Janssonius_1658.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":5543,"height":4782},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1365743668","tid":"406ecb84-871d-11f1-b967-fc3260892a5c","timestamp":"2026-07-24T05:05:13Z","description":"Former inland sea in the Netherlands, now the IJsselmeer","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":52.7,"lon":5.4},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Zuiderzee"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Zuiderzee","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Zuiderzee"}},"extract":"The Zuiderzee or Zuider Zee, historically called Lake Almere and Lake Flevo, was a shallow bay of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands. It extended about 100 km (62 mi) inland and at most 50 km (31 mi) wide, with an overall depth of about 4 to 5 m and a coastline of about 300 km (190 mi). It covered 5,000 km2 (1,900 sq mi). Its name is Dutch for \"southern sea\", indicating that the name originates in Friesland, to the north of the Zuiderzee.","extract_html":"The Zuiderzee or Zuider Zee, historically called Lake Almere and Lake Flevo, was a shallow bay of the North Sea in the northwest of the Netherlands. It extended about 100 km (62 mi) inland and at most 50 km (31 mi) wide, with an overall depth of about 4 to 5 m and a coastline of about 300 km (190 mi). It covered 5,000 km2 (1,900 sq mi). Its name is Dutch for \"southern sea\", indicating that the name originates in Friesland, to the north of the Zuiderzee.
","normalizedtitle":"Zuiderzee"},{"type":"standard","title":"Capture_of_the_Dutch_fleet_at_Den_Helder","displaytitle":"Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q183447","titles":{"canonical":"Capture_of_the_Dutch_fleet_at_Den_Helder","normalized":"Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder","display":"Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder"},"pageid":39794645,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/The_French_cavalry_take_the_battle_fleet_caught_in_the_ice_in_the_waters_of_Texel%2C_21_January_1795_%28by_Charles_Louis_Mozin%29.jpg/330px-The_French_cavalry_take_the_battle_fleet_caught_in_the_ice_in_the_waters_of_Texel%2C_21_January_1795_%28by_Charles_Louis_Mozin%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":466},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/The_French_cavalry_take_the_battle_fleet_caught_in_the_ice_in_the_waters_of_Texel%2C_21_January_1795_%28by_Charles_Louis_Mozin%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2265,"height":3200},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370610014","tid":"8036da9b-9dd1-11f1-b19c-687255db5a90","timestamp":"2026-08-22T02:30:55Z","description":"1795 battle of the War of the First Coalition","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":52.9583,"lon":4.7589},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_the_Dutch_fleet_at_Den_Helder","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_the_Dutch_fleet_at_Den_Helder?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_the_Dutch_fleet_at_Den_Helder?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Capture_of_the_Dutch_fleet_at_Den_Helder"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_the_Dutch_fleet_at_Den_Helder","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Capture_of_the_Dutch_fleet_at_Den_Helder","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_the_Dutch_fleet_at_Den_Helder?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Capture_of_the_Dutch_fleet_at_Den_Helder"}},"extract":"The capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder on the night of 23 January 1795 presents a rare occurrence of an interaction between warships and cavalry, in which a French Revolutionary Hussar regiment came close to a Dutch fleet frozen at anchor in the Nieuwediep, just east of the town of Den Helder. After some of the Hussars had approached across the frozen Nieuwediep, the French cavalry negotiated that all 14 Dutch warships would remain at anchor. A capture of ships by horsemen is an extremely rare feat in military history.","extract_html":"The capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder on the night of 23 January 1795 presents a rare occurrence of an interaction between warships and cavalry, in which a French Revolutionary Hussar regiment came close to a Dutch fleet frozen at anchor in the Nieuwediep, just east of the town of Den Helder. After some of the Hussars had approached across the frozen Nieuwediep, the French cavalry negotiated that all 14 Dutch warships would remain at anchor. A capture of ships by horsemen is an extremely rare feat in military history.
","normalizedtitle":"Capture of the Dutch fleet at Den Helder"}],"year":1795},{"text":"Second Partition of Poland.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Second_Partition_of_Poland","displaytitle":"Second Partition of Poland","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3025374","titles":{"canonical":"Second_Partition_of_Poland","normalized":"Second Partition of Poland","display":"Second Partition of Poland"},"pageid":1059497,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Second_Partition_of_Poland_1793.PNG/330px-Second_Partition_of_Poland_1793.PNG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":259},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Second_Partition_of_Poland_1793.PNG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2000,"height":1568},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368931403","tid":"b1482e4d-95d7-11f1-9a98-dc3f24ff080e","timestamp":"2026-08-11T22:55:05Z","description":"1793 division of Poland–Lithuania","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Second_Partition_of_Poland"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Second_Partition_of_Poland","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Partition_of_Poland?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Second_Partition_of_Poland"}},"extract":"The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian War of 1792 and the Targowica Confederation of 1792, and was approved by its territorial beneficiaries, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. The division was ratified by the coerced Polish parliament (Sejm) in 1793 in a short-lived attempt to prevent the inevitable complete annexation of Poland, the Third Partition.","extract_html":"The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. The second partition occurred in the aftermath of the Polish–Russian War of 1792 and the Targowica Confederation of 1792, and was approved by its territorial beneficiaries, the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. The division was ratified by the coerced Polish parliament (Sejm) in 1793 in a short-lived attempt to prevent the inevitable complete annexation of Poland, the Third Partition.
","normalizedtitle":"Second Partition of Poland"}],"year":1793},{"text":"Georgetown College, the first Catholic university in the United States, is founded in Georgetown, Maryland (now a part of Washington, D.C.) when Bishop John Carroll, Rev. Robert Molyneux, and Rev. John Ashton purchase land for the proposed academy for the education of youth.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Georgetown_University","displaytitle":"Georgetown University","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q333886","titles":{"canonical":"Georgetown_University","normalized":"Georgetown University","display":"Georgetown University"},"pageid":101681,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Georgetown_University_seal.svg/330px-Georgetown_University_seal.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":387},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Georgetown_University_seal.svg/330px-Georgetown_University_seal.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":260,"height":305},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371389182","tid":"3fa8cb37-a109-11f1-858f-0a36f8adafa6","timestamp":"2026-08-26T04:47:32Z","description":"Private Jesuit university in Washington, D.C.","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":38.90722222,"lon":-77.07277778},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Georgetown_University"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Georgetown_University","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Georgetown_University"}},"extract":"Georgetown University is a private Jesuit research university in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded by Bishop John Carroll in 1789, it is the oldest Catholic institution of higher education in the United States, the oldest university in Washington, D.C., and the nation's first federally chartered university.","extract_html":"Georgetown University is a private Jesuit research university in Washington, D.C., United States. Founded by Bishop John Carroll in 1789, it is the oldest Catholic institution of higher education in the United States, the oldest university in Washington, D.C., and the nation's first federally chartered university.
","normalizedtitle":"Georgetown University"},{"type":"standard","title":"Catholic_higher_education","displaytitle":"Catholic higher education","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q557206","titles":{"canonical":"Catholic_higher_education","normalized":"Catholic higher education","display":"Catholic higher education"},"pageid":581131,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/HC_Dinand_Library_1.%2723.jpg/330px-HC_Dinand_Library_1.%2723.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/HC_Dinand_Library_1.%2723.jpg/3840px-HC_Dinand_Library_1.%2723.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":6000,"height":4000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368753678","tid":"64e3ea86-950c-11f1-9899-ffd66c0931dd","timestamp":"2026-08-10T22:39:49Z","description":"Universities run by the Catholic Church","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_higher_education","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_higher_education?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_higher_education?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Catholic_higher_education"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_higher_education","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Catholic_higher_education","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_higher_education?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Catholic_higher_education"}},"extract":"Catholic higher education includes universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher education privately run by the Catholic Church, typically by religious institutes. Those tied to the Holy See are specifically called pontifical universities.","extract_html":"Catholic higher education includes universities, colleges, and other institutions of higher education privately run by the Catholic Church, typically by religious institutes. Those tied to the Holy See are specifically called pontifical universities.
","normalizedtitle":"Catholic higher education"},{"type":"standard","title":"Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)","displaytitle":"Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1468648","titles":{"canonical":"Georgetown_(Washington,_D.C.)","normalized":"Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)","display":"Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)"},"pageid":198558,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Riggs_Bank%2C_Georgetown.jpg/330px-Riggs_Bank%2C_Georgetown.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Riggs_Bank%2C_Georgetown.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2200,"height":1650},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373472669","tid":"2aa127a2-a9a8-11f1-8b3e-e39c2ef3f5d2","timestamp":"2026-09-06T04:05:16Z","description":"Neighborhood of Washington, United States","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":38.90944444,"lon":-77.065},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington%2C_D.C.)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington%2C_D.C.)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington%2C_D.C.)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Georgetown_(Washington%2C_D.C.)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington%2C_D.C.)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Georgetown_(Washington%2C_D.C.)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_(Washington%2C_D.C.)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Georgetown_(Washington%2C_D.C.)"}},"extract":"Georgetown is a historic neighborhood and commercial district in Northwest Washington, D.C., situated along the Potomac River. Founded in 1751 as part of the colonial-era Province of Maryland, Georgetown predated the establishment of Washington, D.C. by 40 years. Georgetown was an independent municipality until 1871 when the United States Congress created a new consolidated government for the entire District of Columbia. A separate act, passed in 1895, repealed Georgetown's remaining local ordinances and renamed Georgetown's streets to conform with those in Washington, D.C.","extract_html":"Georgetown is a historic neighborhood and commercial district in Northwest Washington, D.C., situated along the Potomac River. Founded in 1751 as part of the colonial-era Province of Maryland, Georgetown predated the establishment of Washington, D.C. by 40 years. Georgetown was an independent municipality until 1871 when the United States Congress created a new consolidated government for the entire District of Columbia. A separate act, passed in 1895, repealed Georgetown's remaining local ordinances and renamed Georgetown's streets to conform with those in Washington, D.C.
","normalizedtitle":"Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)"},{"type":"standard","title":"John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)","displaytitle":"John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q39459","titles":{"canonical":"John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)","normalized":"John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)","display":"John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)"},"pageid":23922977,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg/330px-John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":403},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/John_Carroll_Gilbert_Stuart.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":754,"height":921},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1357625077","tid":"b30ec7e4-5f78-11f1-8f8f-cc3eb4bedfe2","timestamp":"2026-06-03T18:19:03Z","description":"First Catholic bishop in the US (1735–1815)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Carroll_(archbishop_of_Baltimore)"}},"extract":"John Carroll was an American Catholic prelate who served as the nation's first Catholic bishop, overseeing the Diocese of Baltimore, then the only diocese in the nascent United States, from 1789 to 1815. He became Archbishop of Baltimore in 1808, up to which point Carroll had also administered the entire U.S. Catholic Church.","extract_html":"John Carroll was an American Catholic prelate who served as the nation's first Catholic bishop, overseeing the Diocese of Baltimore, then the only diocese in the nascent United States, from 1789 to 1815. He became Archbishop of Baltimore in 1808, up to which point Carroll had also administered the entire U.S. Catholic Church.
","normalizedtitle":"John Carroll (archbishop of Baltimore)"},{"type":"standard","title":"Robert_Molyneux","displaytitle":"Robert Molyneux","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7347743","titles":{"canonical":"Robert_Molyneux","normalized":"Robert Molyneux","display":"Robert Molyneux"},"pageid":17694389,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Robert_Molyneux_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":244,"height":347},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Robert_Molyneux_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":244,"height":347},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1350661793","tid":"77dd99a7-3eda-11f1-9827-80f23ca8121f","timestamp":"2026-04-23T06:05:46Z","description":"English-American Jesuit (1738–1808)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Molyneux","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Molyneux?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Molyneux?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Robert_Molyneux"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Molyneux","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Robert_Molyneux","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Molyneux?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Robert_Molyneux"}},"extract":"Robert P. Molyneux was an English-American Catholic priest and Jesuit missionary to the United States. Born to a prominent English family, he entered the Society of Jesus and studied at the College of St Omer in France. When the school moved to Bruges, Belgium, he followed, becoming a master. In 1771, he emigrated to the United States as a missionary, where he took up pastoral work in Philadelphia.","extract_html":"Robert P. Molyneux was an English-American Catholic priest and Jesuit missionary to the United States. Born to a prominent English family, he entered the Society of Jesus and studied at the College of St Omer in France. When the school moved to Bruges, Belgium, he followed, becoming a master. In 1771, he emigrated to the United States as a missionary, where he took up pastoral work in Philadelphia.
","normalizedtitle":"Robert Molyneux"}],"year":1789},{"text":"Moscow University is established (12 January 1755 O.S.).","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Moscow_State_University","displaytitle":"Moscow State University","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q13164","titles":{"canonical":"Moscow_State_University","normalized":"Moscow State University","display":"Moscow State University"},"pageid":374544,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/62/Moscow_State_University_CoA.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":275,"height":362},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/62/Moscow_State_University_CoA.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":275,"height":362},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367132246","tid":"1e4ffafd-8d64-11f1-8ad2-6fe1f8b34026","timestamp":"2026-08-01T04:47:37Z","description":"Public research university in Moscow, Russia","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":55.7039,"lon":37.5286},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Moscow_State_University"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Moscow_State_University","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_State_University?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Moscow_State_University"}},"extract":"Moscow State University (MSU), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, is a public research university in Moscow, Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Alumni of the university include past leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13 Nobel laureates, 6 Fields Medal winners, and 1 Turing Award winner were affiliated with the university.","extract_html":"Moscow State University (MSU), officially M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, is a public research university in Moscow, Russia. The university includes 15 research institutes, 43 faculties, more than 300 departments, and six branches. Alumni of the university include past leaders of the Soviet Union and other governments. As of 2019, 13 Nobel laureates, 6 Fields Medal winners, and 1 Turing Award winner were affiliated with the university.
","normalizedtitle":"Moscow State University"},{"type":"standard","title":"Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates","displaytitle":"Old Style and New Style dates","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1922815","titles":{"canonical":"Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates","normalized":"Old Style and New Style dates","display":"Old Style and New Style dates"},"pageid":888602,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_London_Gazette_9198.djvu/page1-330px-The_London_Gazette_9198.djvu.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":617},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/The_London_Gazette_9198.djvu/page1-3840px-The_London_Gazette_9198.djvu.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":5753,"height":10753},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370356809","tid":"13322091-9cbd-11f1-833a-01f9b4d41114","timestamp":"2026-08-20T17:32:11Z","description":"Changes in calendar conventions","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates"}},"extract":"Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 and 1923. Before as well as after the legal change, writers used the dual dating convention to specify a given day by giving its date according to both styles of dating.","extract_html":"Old Style (O.S.) and New Style (N.S.) indicate dating systems before and after a calendar change, respectively. Usually, they refer to the change from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar as enacted in various European countries between 1582 and 1923. Before as well as after the legal change, writers used the dual dating convention to specify a given day by giving its date according to both styles of dating.
","normalizedtitle":"Old Style and New Style dates"}],"year":1755},{"text":"The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Principality","displaytitle":"Principality","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q208500","titles":{"canonical":"Principality","normalized":"Principality","display":"Principality"},"pageid":77322,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372798469","tid":"6c7f5714-a6ae-11f1-8563-1893e9e346fe","timestamp":"2026-09-02T09:12:30Z","description":"Monarchical state under the rule of a prince or princess","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Principality"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Principality","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Principality"}},"extract":"A principality is a type of monarchical state or feudal territory ruled by a prince. Examples of principalities include the Principality of Monaco, the Grand Principality of Moscow, the Principality of Catalonia, and the Principality of Wales. The Principality of Antioch is another example of a principality, yet one created during the First Crusade which included parts of Anatolia and Syria. The principality was much smaller than the County of Edessa or the Kingdom of Jerusalem.","extract_html":"A principality is a type of monarchical state or feudal territory ruled by a prince. Examples of principalities include the Principality of Monaco, the Grand Principality of Moscow, the Principality of Catalonia, and the Principality of Wales. The Principality of Antioch is another example of a principality, yet one created during the First Crusade which included parts of Anatolia and Syria. The principality was much smaller than the County of Edessa or the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
","normalizedtitle":"Principality"},{"type":"standard","title":"Liechtenstein","displaytitle":"Liechtenstein","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q347","titles":{"canonical":"Liechtenstein","normalized":"Liechtenstein","display":"Liechtenstein"},"pageid":17810,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/330px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":198},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/1280px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1000,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373530769","tid":"12f38dc3-a9fc-11f1-af87-2de1d540b529","timestamp":"2026-09-06T14:05:54Z","description":"Microstate in Central Europe","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":47.15,"lon":9.55},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Liechtenstein"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Liechtenstein","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Liechtenstein"}},"extract":"Liechtenstein, officially the Principality of Liechtenstein, is a doubly landlocked country in the Central European Alps. A microstate, it is located between Austria to the east and north-east and Switzerland to the north-west, west and south.","extract_html":"Liechtenstein, officially the Principality of Liechtenstein, is a doubly landlocked country in the Central European Alps. A microstate, it is located between Austria to the east and north-east and Switzerland to the north-west, west and south.
","normalizedtitle":"Liechtenstein"},{"type":"standard","title":"Holy_Roman_Empire","displaytitle":"Holy Roman Empire","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q12548","titles":{"canonical":"Holy_Roman_Empire","normalized":"Holy Roman Empire","display":"Holy Roman Empire"},"pageid":13277,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg/330px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg/960px-Banner_of_the_Holy_Roman_Emperor_with_haloes_%281430-1806%29.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":900,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373850501","tid":"a2668509-ab61-11f1-a903-69fd8fba9ac6","timestamp":"2026-09-08T08:45:25Z","description":"European political entity (800/962–1806)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Holy_Roman_Empire"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Holy_Roman_Empire","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Holy_Roman_Empire"}},"extract":"The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity comprising and controlling much of Central Europe and Western Europe, headed by the Holy Roman Emperor and characterized by a decentralized political structure. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. Initially, it consisted of three constituent kingdoms—Germany, Italy, and Burgundy—held together by the emperor's overlordship. By the 15th century, imperial governance had become concentrated in and upon the Kingdom of Germany, as the empire's effective control over Italy and Burgundy had largely disappeared.","extract_html":"The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity comprising and controlling much of Central Europe and Western Europe, headed by the Holy Roman Emperor and characterized by a decentralized political structure. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium until its dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. Initially, it consisted of three constituent kingdoms—Germany, Italy, and Burgundy—held together by the emperor's overlordship. By the 15th century, imperial governance had become concentrated in and upon the Kingdom of Germany, as the empire's effective control over Italy and Burgundy had largely disappeared.
","normalizedtitle":"Holy Roman Empire"}],"year":1719},{"text":"Blaise Pascal publishes the first of his Lettres provinciales.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Blaise_Pascal","displaytitle":"Blaise Pascal","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1290","titles":{"canonical":"Blaise_Pascal","normalized":"Blaise Pascal","display":"Blaise Pascal"},"pageid":4068,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Blaise_Pascal_Versailles.JPG/330px-Blaise_Pascal_Versailles.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":393},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Blaise_Pascal_Versailles.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2365,"height":2817},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373026832","tid":"4216bffe-a7b2-11f1-bf64-089b1de80cc9","timestamp":"2026-09-03T16:12:28Z","description":"French polymath (1623–1662)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Blaise_Pascal"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Blaise_Pascal","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Blaise_Pascal"}},"extract":"Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic writer.","extract_html":"Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and Catholic writer.
","normalizedtitle":"Blaise Pascal"},{"type":"standard","title":"Lettres_provinciales","displaytitle":"Lettres provinciales","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1279437","titles":{"canonical":"Lettres_provinciales","normalized":"Lettres provinciales","display":"Lettres provinciales"},"pageid":2065316,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Blaise_Pascal_-_Les_Provinciales.djvu/page1-330px-Blaise_Pascal_-_Les_Provinciales.djvu.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":441},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Blaise_Pascal_-_Les_Provinciales.djvu/page1-1920px-Blaise_Pascal_-_Les_Provinciales.djvu.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":2024,"height":2706},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366137005","tid":"4e2d799b-88fa-11f1-89ea-700c896c95ab","timestamp":"2026-07-26T14:00:06Z","description":"Letters by Blaise Pascal published 1656–57","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettres_provinciales","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettres_provinciales?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettres_provinciales?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Lettres_provinciales"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettres_provinciales","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Lettres_provinciales","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettres_provinciales?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Lettres_provinciales"}},"extract":"The Lettres provinciales are a series of eighteen polemical letters written by the French philosopher and theologian Blaise Pascal under the pseudonym Louis de Montalte. Written in the midst of the formulary controversy between the Jansenists and the Jesuits, they are a defense of the Jansenist Antoine Arnauld from Port-Royal-des-Champs, a friend of Pascal who in 1656 was condemned by the Faculté de Théologie at the Sorbonne in Paris for views that were claimed to be heretical. The first letter is dated January 23, 1656 and the eighteenth March 24, 1657. A fragmentary nineteenth letter is frequently included with the other eighteen.","extract_html":"The Lettres provinciales are a series of eighteen polemical letters written by the French philosopher and theologian Blaise Pascal under the pseudonym Louis de Montalte. Written in the midst of the formulary controversy between the Jansenists and the Jesuits, they are a defense of the Jansenist Antoine Arnauld from Port-Royal-des-Champs, a friend of Pascal who in 1656 was condemned by the Faculté de Théologie at the Sorbonne in Paris for views that were claimed to be heretical. The first letter is dated January 23, 1656 and the eighteenth March 24, 1657. A fragmentary nineteenth letter is frequently included with the other eighteen.
","normalizedtitle":"Lettres provinciales"}],"year":1656},{"text":"The Union of Utrecht forms a Protestant republic in the Netherlands.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Union_of_Utrecht","displaytitle":"Union of Utrecht","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q216165","titles":{"canonical":"Union_of_Utrecht","normalized":"Union of Utrecht","display":"Union of Utrecht"},"pageid":54311,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369393743","tid":"2fd9dda6-980d-11f1-899f-b09b4c60f1f3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T18:23:03Z","description":"1579 treaty unifying the northern Netherlands provinces","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Union_of_Utrecht"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Union_of_Utrecht","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Union_of_Utrecht"}},"extract":"The Union of Utrecht was an alliance based on an agreement concluded on 23 January 1579 between a number of Dutch provinces and cities, to reach a joint commitment against the king, Philip II of Spain. By joining forces, they hoped to force him to stop his harsh administrative measures. In addition, some important political matters were regulated in areas such as defence, taxation and religion, which is why the treaty in question is also seen as a first version or precursor of a later constitution. The Union of Utrecht complemented the so-called General Union of 1576, established by the Pacification of Ghent, which is why it is also referred to as the Further Union.","extract_html":"The Union of Utrecht was an alliance based on an agreement concluded on 23 January 1579 between a number of Dutch provinces and cities, to reach a joint commitment against the king, Philip II of Spain. By joining forces, they hoped to force him to stop his harsh administrative measures. In addition, some important political matters were regulated in areas such as defence, taxation and religion, which is why the treaty in question is also seen as a first version or precursor of a later constitution. The Union of Utrecht complemented the so-called General Union of 1576, established by the Pacification of Ghent, which is why it is also referred to as the Further Union.
","normalizedtitle":"Union of Utrecht"},{"type":"standard","title":"Protestantism","displaytitle":"Protestantism","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q23540","titles":{"canonical":"Protestantism","normalized":"Protestantism","display":"Protestantism"},"pageid":25814008,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372890901","tid":"0840adc5-a70f-11f1-b176-e1564aa69c41","timestamp":"2026-09-02T20:44:03Z","description":"Major branch of Christianity","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Protestantism"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Protestantism","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Protestantism"}},"extract":"Protestantism is a form of Christianity that originated in the Protestant Reformation. It emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice. The five solæ summarize the basic theological beliefs of mainstream Protestantism.","extract_html":"Protestantism is a form of Christianity that originated in the Protestant Reformation. It emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice. The five solæ summarize the basic theological beliefs of mainstream Protestantism.
","normalizedtitle":"Protestantism"},{"type":"standard","title":"Netherlands","displaytitle":"Netherlands","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q55","titles":{"canonical":"Netherlands","normalized":"Netherlands","display":"Netherlands"},"pageid":21148,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/960px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":900,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371056735","tid":"e37667d2-9f9f-11f1-9ac8-54d6ed71cb6e","timestamp":"2026-08-24T09:40:49Z","description":"Country in Northwestern Europe and the Caribbean","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":52,"lon":6},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Netherlands"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Netherlands","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Netherlands"}},"extract":"The Netherlands, also informally known as Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of twelve provinces and three overseas special municipalities. European Netherlands has land borders with Germany to the east and with Belgium to the south, and a coastline to the north and west. It shares maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Belgium in the North Sea. The official language is Dutch, with West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch, English, and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean territories. People from the Netherlands are referred to as Dutch.","extract_html":"The Netherlands, also informally known as Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Netherlands consists of twelve provinces and three overseas special municipalities. European Netherlands has land borders with Germany to the east and with Belgium to the south, and a coastline to the north and west. It shares maritime borders with the United Kingdom, Germany, and Belgium in the North Sea. The official language is Dutch, with West Frisian as a secondary official language in the province of Friesland. Dutch, English, and Papiamento are official in the Caribbean territories. People from the Netherlands are referred to as Dutch.
","normalizedtitle":"Netherlands"}],"year":1579},{"text":"The Royal Exchange opens in London.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Royal_Exchange,_London","displaytitle":"Royal Exchange, London","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1241240","titles":{"canonical":"Royal_Exchange,_London","normalized":"Royal Exchange, London","display":"Royal Exchange, London"},"pageid":421601,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bolsa%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2014-08-11%2C_DD_144.JPG/330px-Bolsa%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2014-08-11%2C_DD_144.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":261},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Bolsa%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2014-08-11%2C_DD_144.JPG/3840px-Bolsa%2C_Londres%2C_Inglaterra%2C_2014-08-11%2C_DD_144.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4398,"height":3478},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369740298","tid":"6e5fcdac-99b8-11f1-960e-9cefd12d41bf","timestamp":"2026-08-16T21:21:23Z","description":"Commercial building in London (built 1571, rebuilt 1844)","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":51.51361111,"lon":-0.08722222},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Exchange%2C_London","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Exchange%2C_London?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Exchange%2C_London?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Royal_Exchange%2C_London"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Exchange%2C_London","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Royal_Exchange%2C_London","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Exchange%2C_London?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Royal_Exchange%2C_London"}},"extract":"The Royal Exchange is a building in central London, built to house the London Stock Exchange, which now operates elsewhere. Today, the Royal Exchange contains restaurants and luxury shops.","extract_html":"The Royal Exchange is a building in central London, built to house the London Stock Exchange, which now operates elsewhere. Today, the Royal Exchange contains restaurants and luxury shops.
","normalizedtitle":"Royal Exchange, London"}],"year":1571},{"text":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, regent for the infant King James VI of Scotland, is assassinated by firearm, the first recorded instance of such.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"James_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Moray","displaytitle":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q937415","titles":{"canonical":"James_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Moray","normalized":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray","display":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray"},"pageid":382866,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/James_Stewart_Earl_of_Moray.jpg/330px-James_Stewart_Earl_of_Moray.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":448},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/James_Stewart_Earl_of_Moray.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":629,"height":853},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373049897","tid":"e4dc361b-a7cc-11f1-b2ee-690e3c026397","timestamp":"2026-09-03T19:23:08Z","description":"Regent for King James VI of Scotland from 1567–1570","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_Stewart%2C_1st_Earl_of_Moray"}},"extract":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray was a member of the House of Stewart as the illegitimate son of James V of Scotland. At times a supporter of his half-sister Mary, Queen of Scots, he was the regent of Scotland for his half-nephew, the infant James VI, from 1567 until his assassination in 1570. He was the first head of government to be assassinated with a firearm.","extract_html":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray was a member of the House of Stewart as the illegitimate son of James V of Scotland. At times a supporter of his half-sister Mary, Queen of Scots, he was the regent of Scotland for his half-nephew, the infant James VI, from 1567 until his assassination in 1570. He was the first head of government to be assassinated with a firearm.
","normalizedtitle":"James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray"},{"type":"standard","title":"Regent","displaytitle":"Regent","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q477406","titles":{"canonical":"Regent","normalized":"Regent","display":"Regent"},"pageid":35348624,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sture_Sten_Svantesson_d.y._1492-1520%2C_och_Kristina_Gyllenstierna%2C_1494-1559_-_Nationalmuseum_-_15066.tif/lossless-page1-330px-Sture_Sten_Svantesson_d.y._1492-1520%2C_och_Kristina_Gyllenstierna%2C_1494-1559_-_Nationalmuseum_-_15066.tif.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":244},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Sture_Sten_Svantesson_d.y._1492-1520%2C_och_Kristina_Gyllenstierna%2C_1494-1559_-_Nationalmuseum_-_15066.tif/lossless-page1-1920px-Sture_Sten_Svantesson_d.y._1492-1520%2C_och_Kristina_Gyllenstierna%2C_1494-1559_-_Nationalmuseum_-_15066.tif.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":3770,"height":2784},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372734765","tid":"49cd4b4f-a66e-11f1-a691-0e5e6e17b9a3","timestamp":"2026-09-02T01:33:24Z","description":"One who governs in place of a monarch","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regent","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regent?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regent?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Regent"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regent","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Regent","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regent?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Regent"}},"extract":"In a monarchy, a regent is a person appointed to execute the office of a monarch temporarily, essentially as a substitute ruler. Regencies may arise for a number of reasons, including the monarch being a minor, ill, absent from the country, or otherwise unavailable. A regent may also be appointed in cases where the throne is vacant, or the identity of the legitimate monarch is disputed. The rule of a regent or regents is called a regency.","extract_html":"In a monarchy, a regent is a person appointed to execute the office of a monarch temporarily, essentially as a substitute ruler. Regencies may arise for a number of reasons, including the monarch being a minor, ill, absent from the country, or otherwise unavailable. A regent may also be appointed in cases where the throne is vacant, or the identity of the legitimate monarch is disputed. The rule of a regent or regents is called a regency.
","normalizedtitle":"Regent"},{"type":"standard","title":"James_VI_and_I","displaytitle":"James VI and I","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q79972","titles":{"canonical":"James_VI_and_I","normalized":"James VI and I","display":"James VI and I"},"pageid":269055,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/JamesIEngland_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/330px-JamesIEngland_%28cropped_2%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":406},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/JamesIEngland_%28cropped_2%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1245,"height":1530},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374090682","tid":"f7041de3-ac87-11f1-ae92-4ff47b4d29f2","timestamp":"2026-09-09T19:52:19Z","description":"King of Scotland from 1567 to 1625, King of England and Ireland from 1603","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_VI_and_I"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/James_VI_and_I","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_VI_and_I?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:James_VI_and_I"}},"extract":"James VI and I was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603, until his death in 1625. Though he long attempted to get both countries to adopt a closer political union, the kingdoms of Scotland and England remained sovereign states ruled by James in personal union, with their own parliaments, judiciaries and laws.","extract_html":"James VI and I was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603, until his death in 1625. Though he long attempted to get both countries to adopt a closer political union, the kingdoms of Scotland and England remained sovereign states ruled by James in personal union, with their own parliaments, judiciaries and laws.
","normalizedtitle":"James VI and I"}],"year":1570},{"text":"The Deccan Sultanates defeat Rama Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire at the Battle of Talikota, resulting in over 100,000 casualties and the destruction of the capital Vijayanagara.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Deccan_sultanates","displaytitle":"Deccan sultanates","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1183649","titles":{"canonical":"Deccan_sultanates","normalized":"Deccan sultanates","display":"Deccan sultanates"},"pageid":846757,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Deccan_Sultanates_in_16th_Century.jpg/330px-Deccan_Sultanates_in_16th_Century.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Deccan_Sultanates_in_16th_Century.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1365,"height":1026},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369989967","tid":"a6275c71-9b03-11f1-8da5-1691560adb99","timestamp":"2026-08-18T12:52:20Z","description":"Name for five former polities in India","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan_sultanates","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan_sultanates?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan_sultanates?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Deccan_sultanates"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan_sultanates","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Deccan_sultanates","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan_sultanates?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Deccan_sultanates"}},"extract":"The Deccan sultanates is a historiographical term referring to five medieval Persianate Muslim kingdoms on the Deccan Plateau between the Krishna River and the Vindhya Range. They emerged after the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate and were ruled by various dynasties: Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar, Bijapur, and Golconda. Ahmadnagar was the first to declare independence, in 1490; followed by Bijapur and Berar in the same year. Bidar became independent in c. 1492, and Golconda in 1512 CE.","extract_html":"The Deccan sultanates is a historiographical term referring to five medieval Persianate Muslim kingdoms on the Deccan Plateau between the Krishna River and the Vindhya Range. They emerged after the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate and were ruled by various dynasties: Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar, Bijapur, and Golconda. Ahmadnagar was the first to declare independence, in 1490; followed by Bijapur and Berar in the same year. Bidar became independent in c. 1492, and Golconda in 1512 CE.
","normalizedtitle":"Deccan sultanates"},{"type":"standard","title":"Rama_Raya","displaytitle":"Rama Raya","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q592872","titles":{"canonical":"Rama_Raya","normalized":"Rama Raya","display":"Rama Raya"},"pageid":2339364,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1358890879","tid":"ca703368-65b6-11f1-8ee6-0e2d4828549d","timestamp":"2026-06-11T16:58:38Z","description":"Regent of Vijayanagara from 1542 to 1565","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_Raya","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_Raya?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_Raya?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rama_Raya"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_Raya","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Rama_Raya","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rama_Raya?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rama_Raya"}},"extract":"Rama Raya was a statesman of the Vijayanagara Empire, the son-in-law of Emperor Krishna Deva Raya and the progenitor of the Aravidu dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire, the fourth and last dynasty of the empire. As a regent, he was the de facto ruler of the empire from 1542 to 1565, although legally the emperor during this period was Sadasiva Raya, who was merely a puppet ruler. Rama Raya was killed at the Battle of Talikota, after which the Vijayanagara Empire was fragmented into several semi-independent principalities paying only nominal allegiance to the empire.","extract_html":"Rama Raya was a statesman of the Vijayanagara Empire, the son-in-law of Emperor Krishna Deva Raya and the progenitor of the Aravidu dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire, the fourth and last dynasty of the empire. As a regent, he was the de facto ruler of the empire from 1542 to 1565, although legally the emperor during this period was Sadasiva Raya, who was merely a puppet ruler. Rama Raya was killed at the Battle of Talikota, after which the Vijayanagara Empire was fragmented into several semi-independent principalities paying only nominal allegiance to the empire.
","normalizedtitle":"Rama Raya"},{"type":"standard","title":"Vijayanagara_Empire","displaytitle":"Vijayanagara Empire","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q167639","titles":{"canonical":"Vijayanagara_Empire","normalized":"Vijayanagara Empire","display":"Vijayanagara Empire"},"pageid":478684,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Vijayanagara_Empire_c.1485.png/330px-Vijayanagara_Empire_c.1485.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":278},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Vijayanagara_Empire_c.1485.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":600,"height":505},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374226831","tid":"80c0f108-ad3b-11f1-b939-6ac99752263b","timestamp":"2026-09-10T17:17:30Z","description":"Karnata Empire in southern India (1336–1646)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Vijayanagara_Empire"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Vijayanagara_Empire","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Vijayanagara_Empire"}},"extract":"The Vijayanagara Empire, also known as the Karnāta Empire, was a late medieval Hindu empire that ruled much of southern India. It was established in 1336 by the brothers Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty.","extract_html":"The Vijayanagara Empire, also known as the Karnāta Empire, was a late medieval Hindu empire that ruled much of southern India. It was established in 1336 by the brothers Harihara I and Bukka Raya I of the Sangama dynasty.
","normalizedtitle":"Vijayanagara Empire"},{"type":"standard","title":"Battle_of_Talikota","displaytitle":"Battle of Talikota","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1362188","titles":{"canonical":"Battle_of_Talikota","normalized":"Battle of Talikota","display":"Battle of Talikota"},"pageid":2488816,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370275172","tid":"df6be4d6-9c4d-11f1-afdb-b92365658a8b","timestamp":"2026-08-20T04:16:10Z","description":"1565 battle in India","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Talikota","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Talikota?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Talikota?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Talikota"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Talikota","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Battle_of_Talikota","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Talikota?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Talikota"}},"extract":"The Battle of Talikota, also known as that of Rakshasi-Tangadi, was a watershed battle fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and an alliance of the Deccan sultanates. The battle resulted in the defeat of Aliya Rama Raya which led to the eventual collapse of the polity and reconfigured Deccan politics.","extract_html":"The Battle of Talikota, also known as that of Rakshasi-Tangadi, was a watershed battle fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and an alliance of the Deccan sultanates. The battle resulted in the defeat of Aliya Rama Raya which led to the eventual collapse of the polity and reconfigured Deccan politics.
","normalizedtitle":"Battle of Talikota"},{"type":"standard","title":"Vijayanagara","displaytitle":"Vijayanagara","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1611788","titles":{"canonical":"Vijayanagara","normalized":"Vijayanagara","display":"Vijayanagara"},"pageid":478354,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/View_of_the_Virupaksha_temple_complex_from_Hemakuta_hill.JPG/330px-View_of_the_Virupaksha_temple_complex_from_Hemakuta_hill.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/View_of_the_Virupaksha_temple_complex_from_Hemakuta_hill.JPG/3840px-View_of_the_Virupaksha_temple_complex_from_Hemakuta_hill.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":5184,"height":3456},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369475203","tid":"bb825794-986b-11f1-97f2-cd76663501cf","timestamp":"2026-08-15T05:39:50Z","description":"City in Karnataka, India","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":15.33333333,"lon":76.46},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Vijayanagara"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Vijayanagara","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Vijayanagara"}},"extract":"Vijayanagara was the capital city of the historic Vijayanagara Empire. Located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River, it spread over a large area and included sites in the Vijayanagara district, the Ballari district, and others around these districts. A part of Vijayanagara ruins known as the Group of Monuments at Hampi has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.","extract_html":"Vijayanagara was the capital city of the historic Vijayanagara Empire. Located on the banks of the Tungabhadra River, it spread over a large area and included sites in the Vijayanagara district, the Ballari district, and others around these districts. A part of Vijayanagara ruins known as the Group of Monuments at Hampi has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
","normalizedtitle":"Vijayanagara"}],"year":1565},{"text":"The deadliest earthquake in history, the Shaanxi earthquake, hits Shaanxi province, China. The death toll may have been as high as 830,000.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Earthquake","displaytitle":"Earthquake","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7944","titles":{"canonical":"Earthquake","normalized":"Earthquake","display":"Earthquake"},"pageid":10106,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Quake_epicenters_1963-98.png/330px-Quake_epicenters_1963-98.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":206},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Quake_epicenters_1963-98.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":800,"height":500},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372295416","tid":"026e8359-a4f3-11f1-8202-cef6ff53e533","timestamp":"2026-08-31T04:18:25Z","description":"Sudden movement of the Earth's crust","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Earthquake"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Earthquake","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Earthquake"}},"extract":"An earthquake, also called a quake, tremor, or temblor, is the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those so weak they cannot be felt, to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air, damage critical infrastructure, and wreak destruction across entire cities. The seismic activity of an area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes experienced over a particular time. The seismicity at a particular location in the Earth is the average rate of seismic energy released per unit volume.","extract_html":"An earthquake, also called a quake, tremor, or temblor, is the shaking of the Earth's surface resulting from a sudden release of energy in the lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from those so weak they cannot be felt, to those violent enough to propel objects and people into the air, damage critical infrastructure, and wreak destruction across entire cities. The seismic activity of an area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes experienced over a particular time. The seismicity at a particular location in the Earth is the average rate of seismic energy released per unit volume.
","normalizedtitle":"Earthquake"},{"type":"standard","title":"1556_Shaanxi_earthquake","displaytitle":"1556 Shaanxi earthquake","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q191293","titles":{"canonical":"1556_Shaanxi_earthquake","normalized":"1556 Shaanxi earthquake","display":"1556 Shaanxi earthquake"},"pageid":1341241,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Shaanxi_1556_earthquake_map_of_provinces.png/330px-Shaanxi_1556_earthquake_map_of_provinces.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":261},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Shaanxi_1556_earthquake_map_of_provinces.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":700,"height":554},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370898423","tid":"bb412613-9f13-11f1-9a0f-51b762867831","timestamp":"2026-08-23T16:57:32Z","description":"Natural disaster in Huaxian, China","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":34.5,"lon":109.3},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:1556_Shaanxi_earthquake"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1556_Shaanxi_earthquake?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:1556_Shaanxi_earthquake"}},"extract":"One of the deadliest earthquakes in history occurred in the early morning of 23 January 1556 in Huaxian, Shaanxi, during the Ming dynasty.","extract_html":"One of the deadliest earthquakes in history occurred in the early morning of 23 January 1556 in Huaxian, Shaanxi, during the Ming dynasty.
","normalizedtitle":"1556 Shaanxi earthquake"},{"type":"standard","title":"Shaanxi","displaytitle":"Shaanxi","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q47974","titles":{"canonical":"Shaanxi","normalized":"Shaanxi","display":"Shaanxi"},"pageid":155520,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Qianling_Mausoleum_25_2013-08.JPG/330px-Qianling_Mausoleum_25_2013-08.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Qianling_Mausoleum_25_2013-08.JPG/3840px-Qianling_Mausoleum_25_2013-08.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4320,"height":3240},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367553509","tid":"61ce8755-8f77-11f1-ad18-52bf26a4d41e","timestamp":"2026-08-03T20:10:33Z","description":"Province in Northwestern China","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":35.6,"lon":109.3},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Shaanxi"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Shaanxi","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaanxi?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Shaanxi"}},"extract":"Shaanxi is a province in Northwestern China. It borders the province-level divisions of Inner Mongolia to the north; Shanxi and Henan to the east; Hubei, Chongqing, and Sichuan to the south; and Gansu and Ningxia to the west.","extract_html":"Shaanxi is a province in Northwestern China. It borders the province-level divisions of Inner Mongolia to the north; Shanxi and Henan to the east; Hubei, Chongqing, and Sichuan to the south; and Gansu and Ningxia to the west.
","normalizedtitle":"Shaanxi"}],"year":1556},{"text":"Having published nothing for eleven years, François Rabelais publishes the Tiers Livre, his sequel to Gargantua and Pantagruel.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"François_Rabelais","displaytitle":"François Rabelais","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q131018","titles":{"canonical":"François_Rabelais","normalized":"François Rabelais","display":"François Rabelais"},"pageid":80833,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Francois_Rabelais_-_Portrait.jpg/330px-Francois_Rabelais_-_Portrait.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":408},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Francois_Rabelais_-_Portrait.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1574,"height":1947},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1371560560","tid":"c15f2d63-a1c7-11f1-a758-86050d46994d","timestamp":"2026-08-27T03:31:14Z","description":"French writer and humanist (died 1553)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais"}},"extract":"François Rabelais was a French writer who has been called the first great French prose author. A humanist of the French Renaissance and Greek scholar, he attracted opposition from both Protestant theologian John Calvin and from the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Though in his day he was best known as a physician, scholar, diplomat, and Catholic priest, later he became better known as a satirist for his depictions of the grotesque, and for his larger-than-life characters.","extract_html":"François Rabelais was a French writer who has been called the first great French prose author. A humanist of the French Renaissance and Greek scholar, he attracted opposition from both Protestant theologian John Calvin and from the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Though in his day he was best known as a physician, scholar, diplomat, and Catholic priest, later he became better known as a satirist for his depictions of the grotesque, and for his larger-than-life characters.
","normalizedtitle":"François Rabelais"},{"type":"standard","title":"Gargantua_and_Pantagruel","displaytitle":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q822290","titles":{"canonical":"Gargantua_and_Pantagruel","normalized":"Gargantua and Pantagruel","display":"Gargantua and Pantagruel"},"pageid":194708,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Page11-682px-Rabelais_-_Pantagruel%2C_ca_1530.jpg/330px-Page11-682px-Rabelais_-_Pantagruel%2C_ca_1530.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":496},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Page11-682px-Rabelais_-_Pantagruel%2C_ca_1530.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":681,"height":1024},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1358296976","tid":"f9826117-62b1-11f1-91cf-05c209f6c68b","timestamp":"2026-06-07T20:46:36Z","description":"1532–1564 novels by François Rabelais","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gargantua_and_Pantagruel","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gargantua_and_Pantagruel?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gargantua_and_Pantagruel?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gargantua_and_Pantagruel"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gargantua_and_Pantagruel","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Gargantua_and_Pantagruel","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gargantua_and_Pantagruel?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Gargantua_and_Pantagruel"}},"extract":"The Five Books of the Lives and Deeds of Gargantua and Pantagruel, often shortened to Gargantua and Pantagruel or the Cinq Livres, is a pentalogy of novels written in the 16th century by François Rabelais. It tells the adventures of two giants, Gargantua and his son Pantagruel. The work is written in an amusing, extravagant, and satirical vein, features much erudition, vulgarity, and wordplay, and is regularly compared with the works of William Shakespeare and James Joyce. Rabelais was a polyglot, and the work introduced \"a great number of new and difficult words ... into the French language\".","extract_html":"The Five Books of the Lives and Deeds of Gargantua and Pantagruel, often shortened to Gargantua and Pantagruel or the Cinq Livres, is a pentalogy of novels written in the 16th century by François Rabelais. It tells the adventures of two giants, Gargantua and his son Pantagruel. The work is written in an amusing, extravagant, and satirical vein, features much erudition, vulgarity, and wordplay, and is regularly compared with the works of William Shakespeare and James Joyce. Rabelais was a polyglot, and the work introduced \"a great number of new and difficult words ... into the French language\".
","normalizedtitle":"Gargantua and Pantagruel"}],"year":1546},{"text":"Zhu Yuanzhang proclaims himself the Hongwu Emperor, beginning the Ming dynasty.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Hongwu_Emperor","displaytitle":"Hongwu Emperor","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q9957","titles":{"canonical":"Hongwu_Emperor","normalized":"Hongwu Emperor","display":"Hongwu Emperor"},"pageid":163029,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Ming_Taizu.jpg/330px-Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Ming_Taizu.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":537},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Ming_Taizu.jpg/3840px-Portrait_assis_de_l%27empereur_Ming_Taizu.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":13906,"height":22644},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372891444","tid":"8735e64e-a70f-11f1-9388-5dc3885a3470","timestamp":"2026-09-02T20:47:36Z","description":"Emperor of China from 1368 to 1398","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hongwu_Emperor"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Hongwu_Emperor","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongwu_Emperor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hongwu_Emperor"}},"extract":"The Hongwu Emperor, personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from 1368 to 1398.","extract_html":"The Hongwu Emperor, personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty of China, reigning from 1368 to 1398.
","normalizedtitle":"Hongwu Emperor"},{"type":"standard","title":"Ming_dynasty","displaytitle":"Ming dynasty","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q9903","titles":{"canonical":"Ming_dynasty","normalized":"Ming dynasty","display":"Ming dynasty"},"pageid":43449,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Map_of_Ming_Chinese_empire_1415_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/330px-Map_of_Ming_Chinese_empire_1415_%28cropped_2%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":395},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Map_of_Ming_Chinese_empire_1415_%28cropped_2%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1220,"height":1460},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367322217","tid":"d40074c2-8e60-11f1-a3a5-039d4469bb6f","timestamp":"2026-08-02T10:56:35Z","description":"Imperial dynasty of China (1368–1644)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ming_dynasty"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ming_dynasty","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_dynasty?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ming_dynasty"}},"extract":"The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng, numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family, collectively called the Southern Ming, survived until 1662.","extract_html":"The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng, numerous rump regimes ruled by remnants of the Ming imperial family, collectively called the Southern Ming, survived until 1662.
","normalizedtitle":"Ming dynasty"}],"year":1368},{"text":"In the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, King Louis IX of France issues the Mise of Amiens, a one-sided decision in favour of Henry that later leads to the Second Barons' War.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Henry_III_of_England","displaytitle":"Henry III of England","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q160311","titles":{"canonical":"Henry_III_of_England","normalized":"Henry III of England","display":"Henry III of England"},"pageid":46591,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/HenryIII.jpg/330px-HenryIII.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":372},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/HenryIII.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":710,"height":800},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1362988767","tid":"60eb1894-79fa-11f1-b874-55f65d440277","timestamp":"2026-07-07T11:52:50Z","description":"King of England from 1216 to 1272","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Henry_III_of_England"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Henry_III_of_England","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_III_of_England?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Henry_III_of_England"}},"extract":"Henry III, also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272.","extract_html":"Henry III, also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272.
","normalizedtitle":"Henry III of England"},{"type":"standard","title":"Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester","displaytitle":"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q310092","titles":{"canonical":"Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester","normalized":"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester","display":"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester"},"pageid":48925,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Simon_Leicester.jpg/330px-Simon_Leicester.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":403},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Simon_Leicester.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1124,"height":1373},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373684169","tid":"1d636650-aa98-11f1-857d-ab52e7db8309","timestamp":"2026-09-07T08:42:53Z","description":"English nobleman and rebel (c.1208 – 1265)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Simon_de_Montfort%2C_6th_Earl_of_Leicester"}},"extract":"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, 1st Earl of Chester, also known as Simon V de Montfort, was an English nobleman of French origin and a member of the English peerage, who led the baronial opposition to the rule of King Henry III, culminating in the Second Barons' War. Following his initial victories over royal forces, he became de facto ruler of England, and played a major role in the constitutional development of England.","extract_html":"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, 1st Earl of Chester, also known as Simon V de Montfort, was an English nobleman of French origin and a member of the English peerage, who led the baronial opposition to the rule of King Henry III, culminating in the Second Barons' War. Following his initial victories over royal forces, he became de facto ruler of England, and played a major role in the constitutional development of England.
","normalizedtitle":"Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester"},{"type":"standard","title":"Louis_IX_of_France","displaytitle":"Louis IX of France","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q346","titles":{"canonical":"Louis_IX_of_France","normalized":"Louis IX of France","display":"Louis IX of France"},"pageid":18549,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Saintlouis_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Saintlouis_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":480},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Saintlouis_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":849,"height":1234},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374063461","tid":"0e7fded9-ac69-11f1-884a-6ae33d2ee589","timestamp":"2026-09-09T16:11:04Z","description":"King of France from 1226 to 1270","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Louis_IX_of_France"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Louis_IX_of_France","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Louis_IX_of_France"}},"extract":"Louis IX, also known as Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death in 1270. He is widely recognized as the most distinguished of the Direct Capetians, is the sole king of France to be canonised as a saint of the Catholic Church, and is also the direct ancestor of all subsequent French kings. Following the death of his father, Louis VIII, he was crowned in Reims at the age of 12. His mother, Blanche of Castile, effectively ruled the kingdom as regent until he came of age, and continued to serve as his trusted adviser until her death.","extract_html":"Louis IX, also known as Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death in 1270. He is widely recognized as the most distinguished of the Direct Capetians, is the sole king of France to be canonised as a saint of the Catholic Church, and is also the direct ancestor of all subsequent French kings. Following the death of his father, Louis VIII, he was crowned in Reims at the age of 12. His mother, Blanche of Castile, effectively ruled the kingdom as regent until he came of age, and continued to serve as his trusted adviser until her death.
","normalizedtitle":"Louis IX of France"},{"type":"standard","title":"Mise_of_Amiens","displaytitle":"Mise of Amiens","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1285054","titles":{"canonical":"Mise_of_Amiens","normalized":"Mise of Amiens","display":"Mise of Amiens"},"pageid":24068910,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Rouget_-_Saint_Louis_m%C3%A9diateur_entre_le_roi_d%27Angleterre_et_ses_barons_%2823_janvier_1264%29.jpg/330px-Rouget_-_Saint_Louis_m%C3%A9diateur_entre_le_roi_d%27Angleterre_et_ses_barons_%2823_janvier_1264%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":210},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Rouget_-_Saint_Louis_m%C3%A9diateur_entre_le_roi_d%27Angleterre_et_ses_barons_%2823_janvier_1264%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":745,"height":475},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1323078775","tid":"151858f3-c55e-11f0-95c2-aa7227b207de","timestamp":"2025-11-19T15:40:32Z","description":"1264 English political settlement","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_of_Amiens","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_of_Amiens?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_of_Amiens?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mise_of_Amiens"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_of_Amiens","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Mise_of_Amiens","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mise_of_Amiens?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Mise_of_Amiens"}},"extract":"The Mise of Amiens was a settlement given by King Louis IX of France on 23 January 1264 in the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons, led by Simon de Montfort. Louis' one-sided decision for King Henry led directly to the hostilities of the Second Barons' War.","extract_html":"The Mise of Amiens was a settlement given by King Louis IX of France on 23 January 1264 in the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons, led by Simon de Montfort. Louis' one-sided decision for King Henry led directly to the hostilities of the Second Barons' War.
","normalizedtitle":"Mise of Amiens"},{"type":"standard","title":"Second_Barons'_War","displaytitle":"Second Barons' War","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q657967","titles":{"canonical":"Second_Barons'_War","normalized":"Second Barons' War","display":"Second Barons' War"},"pageid":990923,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Civil_War_in_England.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":263,"height":279},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Civil_War_in_England.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":263,"height":279},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370735837","tid":"b5dbd1ae-9e6a-11f1-acc8-546d11775005","timestamp":"2026-08-22T20:47:38Z","description":"1264–67 civil war in England","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Barons'_War","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Barons'_War?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Barons'_War?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Second_Barons'_War"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Barons'_War","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Second_Barons'_War","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Barons'_War?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Second_Barons'_War"}},"extract":"The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of barons led by Simon de Montfort against the royalist forces of King Henry III, led initially by the king himself and later by his son, the future King Edward I. The barons sought to force the king to rule with a council of barons, rather than through his favourites. To bolster the initial success of his baronial regime, de Montfort sought to broaden the social foundations of parliament by extending the franchise to the commons for the first time. However, after a rule of just over a year, de Montfort was killed by forces loyal to the king at the Battle of Evesham. The war also involved a series of massacres of Jews by some of de Montfort's supporters in attacks aimed at seizing and destroying evidence of baronial debts.","extract_html":"The Second Barons' War (1264–1267) was a civil war in England between the forces of barons led by Simon de Montfort against the royalist forces of King Henry III, led initially by the king himself and later by his son, the future King Edward I. The barons sought to force the king to rule with a council of barons, rather than through his favourites. To bolster the initial success of his baronial regime, de Montfort sought to broaden the social foundations of parliament by extending the franchise to the commons for the first time. However, after a rule of just over a year, de Montfort was killed by forces loyal to the king at the Battle of Evesham. The war also involved a series of massacres of Jews by some of de Montfort's supporters in attacks aimed at seizing and destroying evidence of baronial debts.
","normalizedtitle":"Second Barons' War"}],"year":1264},{"text":"The episcopal seat is moved from Nousiainen to Koroinen (located near the current centre of Turku) by the permission of Pope Gregory IX. The date is starting to be considered as the founding of Turku.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Nousiainen","displaytitle":"Nousiainen","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1017104","titles":{"canonical":"Nousiainen","normalized":"Nousiainen","display":"Nousiainen"},"pageid":462460,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Nousiaisten_kirkko.JPG/330px-Nousiaisten_kirkko.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Nousiaisten_kirkko.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2592,"height":1944},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374289547","tid":"788da583-ad85-11f1-b09d-1c42aa8383f2","timestamp":"2026-09-11T02:06:59Z","description":"Municipality in Southwest Finland, Finland","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":60.6,"lon":22.08333333},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nousiainen","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nousiainen?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nousiainen?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nousiainen"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nousiainen","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Nousiainen","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nousiainen?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Nousiainen"}},"extract":"Nousiainen is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the Southwest Finland region, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Turku along Highway 8 (E8). The Finnish-speaking municipality has a population of 4,667\n(31 December 2025) and covers an area of 199.55 square kilometres (77.05 sq mi) of\nwhich 0.62 km2 (0.24 sq mi)\nis water. The population density is\n23.46 inhabitants per square kilometre (60.8/sq mi).","extract_html":"Nousiainen is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the Southwest Finland region, 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Turku along Highway 8 (E8). The Finnish-speaking municipality has a population of 4,667\n(31 December 2025) and covers an area of 199.55 square kilometres (77.05 sq mi) of\nwhich 0.62 km2 (0.24 sq mi)\nis water. The population density is\n23.46 inhabitants per square kilometre (60.8/sq mi).
","normalizedtitle":"Nousiainen"},{"type":"standard","title":"Koroinen","displaytitle":"Koroinen","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1017115","titles":{"canonical":"Koroinen","normalized":"Koroinen","display":"Koroinen"},"pageid":3530611,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Turku%2C_Koroinen.png/330px-Turku%2C_Koroinen.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":671},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Turku%2C_Koroinen.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1433,"height":2913},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1297911450","tid":"f1c5134f-54c5-11f0-9bbd-83fdbffcb443","timestamp":"2025-06-29T08:49:19Z","description":"District of Turku, Finland","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":60.466019,"lon":22.289414},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroinen","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroinen?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroinen?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Koroinen"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroinen","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Koroinen","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroinen?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Koroinen"}},"extract":"Koroinen is a district in the Koroinen ward of the city of Turku, in Finland. It is located to the north of the city centre, across the river Aura from the Turku Student Village.\nKoroinen is mostly non-built-up area, consisting largely of recreational area. The current population of the district is 15.","extract_html":"Koroinen is a district in the Koroinen ward of the city of Turku, in Finland. It is located to the north of the city centre, across the river Aura from the Turku Student Village.\nKoroinen is mostly non-built-up area, consisting largely of recreational area. The current population of the district is 15.
","normalizedtitle":"Koroinen"},{"type":"standard","title":"Turku","displaytitle":"Turku","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q38511","titles":{"canonical":"Turku","normalized":"Turku","display":"Turku"},"pageid":48672,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/View_from_Turku_Cathedral_tower.jpg/330px-View_from_Turku_Cathedral_tower.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":115},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/View_from_Turku_Cathedral_tower.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3202,"height":1113},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373127785","tid":"6c529617-a81f-11f1-9700-7712677b6687","timestamp":"2026-09-04T05:13:54Z","description":"City in southwest Finland","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":60.4517,"lon":22.2669},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Turku"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Turku","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Turku"}},"extract":"Turku is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Southwest Finland. It is located on the southwestern coast of the country at the mouth of the River Aura. The population of Turku is approximately 210,000, while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately 320,000. It is the 6th–most populous municipality in Finland, and the third–most populous urban area in the country after Helsinki and Tampere.","extract_html":"Turku is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Southwest Finland. It is located on the southwestern coast of the country at the mouth of the River Aura. The population of Turku is approximately 210,000, while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately 320,000. It is the 6th–most populous municipality in Finland, and the third–most populous urban area in the country after Helsinki and Tampere.
","normalizedtitle":"Turku"},{"type":"standard","title":"Pope_Gregory_IX","displaytitle":"Pope Gregory IX","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q124831","titles":{"canonical":"Pope_Gregory_IX","normalized":"Pope Gregory IX","display":"Pope Gregory IX"},"pageid":24218,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ritratto_di_gregorio_ix%2C_dalla_facciata_dell%27antica_basilica_di_s._pietro%2C_1225-50_ca._%28museo_di_roma%29_01.jpg/330px-Ritratto_di_gregorio_ix%2C_dalla_facciata_dell%27antica_basilica_di_s._pietro%2C_1225-50_ca._%28museo_di_roma%29_01.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":445},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Ritratto_di_gregorio_ix%2C_dalla_facciata_dell%27antica_basilica_di_s._pietro%2C_1225-50_ca._%28museo_di_roma%29_01.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3784,"height":5104},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1366155102","tid":"243281c4-890f-11f1-b3d5-5e49677d337e","timestamp":"2026-07-26T16:29:15Z","description":"Head of the Catholic Church from 1227 to 1241","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pope_Gregory_IX"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Pope_Gregory_IX","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pope_Gregory_IX"}},"extract":"Pope Gregory IX was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the Decretales and instituting the Papal Inquisition, in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III, by means of the papal bull Ad abolendam, issued in 1184.","extract_html":"Pope Gregory IX was head of the Catholic Church and the ruler of the Papal States from 19 March 1227 until his death in 1241. He is known for issuing the Decretales and instituting the Papal Inquisition, in response to the failures of the episcopal inquisitions established during the time of Pope Lucius III, by means of the papal bull Ad abolendam, issued in 1184.
","normalizedtitle":"Pope Gregory IX"}],"year":1229},{"text":"Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Crossbow","displaytitle":"Crossbow","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q181947","titles":{"canonical":"Crossbow","normalized":"Crossbow","display":"Crossbow"},"pageid":6948,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Une_arbal%C3%A8te_classique.jpg/330px-Une_arbal%C3%A8te_classique.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":222},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Une_arbal%C3%A8te_classique.jpg/3840px-Une_arbal%C3%A8te_classique.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4324,"height":2905},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372729496","tid":"864a78c0-a669-11f1-a595-a2fb4b0263f0","timestamp":"2026-09-02T00:59:18Z","description":"Bow-like ranged weapon","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossbow","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossbow?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossbow?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Crossbow"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossbow","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Crossbow","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossbow?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Crossbow"}},"extract":"A crossbow is a ranged weapon using an elastic launching device consisting of a bow-like assembly called a prod, mounted horizontally on a main frame called a tiller, which is hand-held in a similar fashion to the stock of a long gun. Crossbows shoot arrow-like projectiles called bolts or quarrels. A person who shoots crossbow is called a crossbowman, an arbalister or an arbalist.","extract_html":"A crossbow is a ranged weapon using an elastic launching device consisting of a bow-like assembly called a prod, mounted horizontally on a main frame called a tiller, which is hand-held in a similar fashion to the stock of a long gun. Crossbows shoot arrow-like projectiles called bolts or quarrels. A person who shoots crossbow is called a crossbowman, an arbalister or an arbalist.
","normalizedtitle":"Crossbow"},{"type":"standard","title":"Song_dynasty","displaytitle":"Song dynasty","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q7462","titles":{"canonical":"Song_dynasty","normalized":"Song dynasty","display":"Song dynasty"},"pageid":56978,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/China_-_Song_Dynasty-en.svg/330px-China_-_Song_Dynasty-en.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":324},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/China_-_Song_Dynasty-en.svg/960px-China_-_Song_Dynasty-en.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":840,"height":825},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1372388639","tid":"ffea45c0-a547-11f1-9e38-e1401989cea9","timestamp":"2026-08-31T14:26:48Z","description":"Imperial dynasty of China (960–1279)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Song_dynasty"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Song_dynasty","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Song_dynasty"}},"extract":"The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Ten Kingdoms, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song often came into conflict with the contemporaneous Liao, Western Xia, and Jin dynasties in northern China. After retreating to southern China following attacks by the Jin dynasty, the Song was eventually conquered by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.","extract_html":"The Song dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Ten Kingdoms, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song often came into conflict with the contemporaneous Liao, Western Xia, and Jin dynasties in northern China. After retreating to southern China following attacks by the Jin dynasty, the Song was eventually conquered by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
","normalizedtitle":"Song dynasty"},{"type":"standard","title":"History_of_the_Song_dynasty","displaytitle":"History of the Song dynasty","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q3137212","titles":{"canonical":"History_of_the_Song_dynasty","normalized":"History of the Song dynasty","display":"History of the Song dynasty"},"pageid":10974498,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1355353689","tid":"913a2ca0-5502-11f1-a28d-80900a38cfab","timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:48:14Z","description":"","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Song_dynasty","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Song_dynasty?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Song_dynasty?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:History_of_the_Song_dynasty"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Song_dynasty","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/History_of_the_Song_dynasty","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Song_dynasty?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:History_of_the_Song_dynasty"}},"extract":"The Song dynasty of China was an imperial dynasty that ruled most of China proper and southern China from the middle of the 10th century into the last quarter of the 13th century. The dynasty was established by Emperor Taizu of Song with his usurpation of the throne of Later Zhou, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.","extract_html":"The Song dynasty of China was an imperial dynasty that ruled most of China proper and southern China from the middle of the 10th century into the last quarter of the 13th century. The dynasty was established by Emperor Taizu of Song with his usurpation of the throne of Later Zhou, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
","normalizedtitle":"History of the Song dynasty"},{"type":"standard","title":"War_elephant","displaytitle":"War elephant","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q223694","titles":{"canonical":"War_elephant","normalized":"War elephant","display":"War elephant"},"pageid":378625,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Hannibal_traverse_le_Rh%C3%B4ne_Henri_Motte_1878.jpg/330px-Hannibal_traverse_le_Rh%C3%B4ne_Henri_Motte_1878.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":216},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Hannibal_traverse_le_Rh%C3%B4ne_Henri_Motte_1878.jpg/3840px-Hannibal_traverse_le_Rh%C3%B4ne_Henri_Motte_1878.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":8915,"height":5840},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374258264","tid":"3736ce67-ad60-11f1-a32c-411cc055ef19","timestamp":"2026-09-10T21:40:18Z","description":"Elephant trained and guided by humans for combat","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_elephant","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_elephant?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_elephant?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:War_elephant"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_elephant","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/War_elephant","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_elephant?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:War_elephant"}},"extract":"A war elephant is an elephant that is trained and guided by humans for combat purposes. Historically, the war elephant's main use was to charge the enemy, break their ranks, and instill terror and fear. Elephantry, or elephant cavalry, is the name for specific military units using elephant-mounted troops.These elephants weighed roughly between 3500kg and 5000kg.","extract_html":"A war elephant is an elephant that is trained and guided by humans for combat purposes. Historically, the war elephant's main use was to charge the enemy, break their ranks, and instill terror and fear. Elephantry, or elephant cavalry, is the name for specific military units using elephant-mounted troops.These elephants weighed roughly between 3500kg and 5000kg.
","normalizedtitle":"War elephant"},{"type":"standard","title":"Southern_Han","displaytitle":"Southern Han","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1198071","titles":{"canonical":"Southern_Han","normalized":"Southern Han","display":"Southern Han"},"pageid":1650472,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Five_Dynasties_Ten_Kingdoms_923_CE.png/330px-Five_Dynasties_Ten_Kingdoms_923_CE.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":319},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Five_Dynasties_Ten_Kingdoms_923_CE.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":556,"height":537},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373683267","tid":"438806b8-aa96-11f1-8b01-5ed63c1ef7e4","timestamp":"2026-09-07T08:29:38Z","description":"State in southern China (917–971)","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Han","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Han?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Han?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Southern_Han"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Han","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Southern_Han","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Han?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Southern_Han"}},"extract":"Southern Han (Chinese: 南漢; pinyin: Nán Hàn; Jyutping: Naam4 Hon3; 917–971), officially Han (Chinese: 漢; Jyutping: Hon3), originally Yue (Chinese: 越; Jyutping: Jyut6), was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms that existed during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was located on China's southern coast, controlling modern Guangdong and Guangxi. The dynasty greatly expanded its capital Xingwang Fu (Chinese: 興王府; pinyin: Xìngwáng Fǔ; Jyutping: Hing1 Wong4 Fu2, present-day Guangzhou). It attempted but failed to annex the autonomous polity of Jinghai, which was controlled by the Vietnamese.","extract_html":"Southern Han (Chinese: 南漢; pinyin: Nán Hàn; Jyutping: Naam4 Hon3; 917–971), officially Han (Chinese: 漢; Jyutping: Hon3), originally Yue (Chinese: 越; Jyutping: Jyut6), was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms that existed during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was located on China's southern coast, controlling modern Guangdong and Guangxi. The dynasty greatly expanded its capital Xingwang Fu (Chinese: 興王府; pinyin: Xìngwáng Fǔ; Jyutping: Hing1 Wong4 Fu2, present-day Guangzhou). It attempted but failed to annex the autonomous polity of Jinghai, which was controlled by the Vietnamese.
","normalizedtitle":"Southern Han"}],"year":971},{"text":"Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Roman_emperor","displaytitle":"Roman emperor","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q842606","titles":{"canonical":"Roman_emperor","normalized":"Roman emperor","display":"Roman emperor"},"pageid":219117,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Better_Imperial_Aquila.png/330px-Better_Imperial_Aquila.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":330},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Better_Imperial_Aquila.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":600,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1367051500","tid":"31cb7a7d-8d04-11f1-b704-d82050f5e4b2","timestamp":"2026-07-31T17:20:58Z","description":"Ruler of the Roman Empire","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roman_emperor"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Roman_emperor","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Roman_emperor"}},"extract":"The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire, starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC. The title of imperator, originally a military honorific, was usually used alongside caesar, originally a cognomen. When a given Roman is described as becoming emperor in English, it generally reflects his accession as augustus, and later as basileus. Early emperors also used the title princeps alongside other Republican titles, notably consul and pontifex maximus.","extract_html":"The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire, starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC. The title of imperator, originally a military honorific, was usually used alongside caesar, originally a cognomen. When a given Roman is described as becoming emperor in English, it generally reflects his accession as augustus, and later as basileus. Early emperors also used the title princeps alongside other Republican titles, notably consul and pontifex maximus.
","normalizedtitle":"Roman emperor"},{"type":"standard","title":"Theodosius_I","displaytitle":"Theodosius I","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q46696","titles":{"canonical":"Theodosius_I","normalized":"Theodosius I","display":"Theodosius I"},"pageid":31131,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Bust_of_Theodosius_I.jpg/330px-Bust_of_Theodosius_I.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":514},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Bust_of_Theodosius_I.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":431,"height":671},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373808138","tid":"69a9b6e2-ab27-11f1-9cd9-d973a08cfa8e","timestamp":"2026-09-08T01:48:39Z","description":"Roman emperor from 379 to 395","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_I","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_I?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_I?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Theodosius_I"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_I","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Theodosius_I","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodosius_I?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Theodosius_I"}},"extract":"Theodosius I, also known as Theodosius the Great, was Roman emperor from 379 to 395. He won two civil wars and was instrumental in establishing the Nicene Creed as the orthodox doctrine for Nicene Christianity. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule the entire Roman Empire. After his death, his sons Arcadius and Honorius ruled from separate courts in the east and the west, continuing the late Roman practice of rule by multiple emperors. He ended the Gothic War (376–382), but did so on terms disadvantageous to the empire, with the Goths remaining politically autonomous within Roman territory, albeit as nominal allies.","extract_html":"Theodosius I, also known as Theodosius the Great, was Roman emperor from 379 to 395. He won two civil wars and was instrumental in establishing the Nicene Creed as the orthodox doctrine for Nicene Christianity. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule the entire Roman Empire. After his death, his sons Arcadius and Honorius ruled from separate courts in the east and the west, continuing the late Roman practice of rule by multiple emperors. He ended the Gothic War (376–382), but did so on terms disadvantageous to the empire, with the Goths remaining politically autonomous within Roman territory, albeit as nominal allies.
","normalizedtitle":"Theodosius I"},{"type":"standard","title":"Honorius","displaytitle":"Honorius","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q159798","titles":{"canonical":"Honorius","normalized":"Honorius","display":"Honorius"},"pageid":11023,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Diptych_of_Honorius_%28head%29_%282%29.jpg/330px-Diptych_of_Honorius_%28head%29_%282%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":435},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Diptych_of_Honorius_%28head%29_%282%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":398,"height":525},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373042213","tid":"f79e3dfb-a7c3-11f1-a6e6-1dddf8b44a44","timestamp":"2026-09-03T18:19:14Z","description":"Western Roman emperor from 393 to 423","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorius","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorius?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorius?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Honorius"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorius","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Honorius","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorius?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Honorius"}},"extract":"Honorius was Roman emperor from 393 to 423. He was the younger son of emperor Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla. After the death of Theodosius in 395, Honorius, under the regency of Stilicho, ruled the western half of the empire while his brother Arcadius ruled the eastern half. His reign over the Western Roman Empire was precarious and chaotic. In 410, Rome was sacked for the first time since the Battle of the Allia almost 800 years prior.","extract_html":"Honorius was Roman emperor from 393 to 423. He was the younger son of emperor Theodosius I and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla. After the death of Theodosius in 395, Honorius, under the regency of Stilicho, ruled the western half of the empire while his brother Arcadius ruled the eastern half. His reign over the Western Roman Empire was precarious and chaotic. In 410, Rome was sacked for the first time since the Battle of the Allia almost 800 years prior.
","normalizedtitle":"Honorius"}],"year":393}],"holidays":[{"text":"Bounty Day (Pitcairn Islands)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Bounty_Day","displaytitle":"Bounty Day","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q4950055","titles":{"canonical":"Bounty_Day","normalized":"Bounty Day","display":"Bounty Day"},"pageid":1970380,"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368743085","tid":"3a3f6585-94ff-11f1-a371-a0675f6b3cff","timestamp":"2026-08-10T21:05:34Z","description":"Holiday on Pitcairn and Norfolk islands","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounty_Day","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounty_Day?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounty_Day?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bounty_Day"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounty_Day","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Bounty_Day","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounty_Day?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bounty_Day"}},"extract":"Bounty Day is a holiday on both Pitcairn Island, destination of the Bounty mutineers, and on Norfolk Island. It is celebrated on 23 January on Pitcairn, and on 8 June on Norfolk Island, the day that the descendants of the mutineers arrived on the respective islands. It is named for HMS Bounty, although the ship never saw Norfolk Island.","extract_html":"Bounty Day is a holiday on both Pitcairn Island, destination of the Bounty mutineers, and on Norfolk Island. It is celebrated on 23 January on Pitcairn, and on 8 June on Norfolk Island, the day that the descendants of the mutineers arrived on the respective islands. It is named for HMS Bounty, although the ship never saw Norfolk Island.
","normalizedtitle":"Bounty Day"},{"type":"standard","title":"Pitcairn_Islands","displaytitle":"Pitcairn Islands","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q35672","titles":{"canonical":"Pitcairn_Islands","normalized":"Pitcairn Islands","display":"Pitcairn Islands"},"pageid":23450,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":165},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg/1280px-Flag_of_the_Pitcairn_Islands.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1200,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373465587","tid":"2e31ae9f-a9a2-11f1-b77a-2a1cf5dd33d5","timestamp":"2026-09-06T03:22:25Z","description":"British Overseas Territory in the South Pacific","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":-25.06666667,"lon":-130.1},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pitcairn_Islands"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Pitcairn_Islands","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Pitcairn_Islands"}},"extract":"The Pitcairn Islands, officially Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, are a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean that form the sole British Overseas Territory in the Pacific Ocean. The four islands—Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno—are scattered across several hundred kilometres of ocean and have a combined land area of about 47 square kilometres. Henderson Island accounts for 86% of the land area, but only Pitcairn Island is inhabited. The inhabited islands nearest to the Pitcairn Islands are Mangareva, 688 km to the west, as well as Easter Island, 1,929 km to the east.","extract_html":"The Pitcairn Islands, officially Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands, are a group of four volcanic islands in the southern Pacific Ocean that form the sole British Overseas Territory in the Pacific Ocean. The four islands—Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno—are scattered across several hundred kilometres of ocean and have a combined land area of about 47 square kilometres. Henderson Island accounts for 86% of the land area, but only Pitcairn Island is inhabited. The inhabited islands nearest to the Pitcairn Islands are Mangareva, 688 km to the west, as well as Easter Island, 1,929 km to the east.
","normalizedtitle":"Pitcairn Islands"}]},{"text":"Christian feast day:\nAbakuh","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Synaxaire_Arabe-Jacobite","displaytitle":"Synaxaire Arabe-Jacobite","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2232912","titles":{"canonical":"Synaxaire_Arabe-Jacobite","normalized":"Synaxaire Arabe-Jacobite","display":"Synaxaire Arabe-Jacobite"},"pageid":12683338,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Synaxarion_WDL7069.pdf/page1-330px-Synaxarion_WDL7069.pdf.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":464},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Synaxarion_WDL7069.pdf/page1-1920px-Synaxarion_WDL7069.pdf.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":2668,"height":3750},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1359785938","tid":"2b12cd87-6a0c-11f1-806a-80b02c8b8157","timestamp":"2026-06-17T05:19:52Z","description":"Volume containing biographies of several saints","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaxaire_Arabe-Jacobite","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaxaire_Arabe-Jacobite?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaxaire_Arabe-Jacobite?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Synaxaire_Arabe-Jacobite"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaxaire_Arabe-Jacobite","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Synaxaire_Arabe-Jacobite","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaxaire_Arabe-Jacobite?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Synaxaire_Arabe-Jacobite"}},"extract":"\nJacobite Arab Synaxarium or Synaxaire Arabe-Jacobite is a volume containing biographies of several saints. It is used by the Syriac Orthodox Church. It was initially published in French in 1904, in the Patrologia Orientalis by René Basset. It is not to be confused with the Coptic Synaxarium, although some of the hagiographies appear to be identical and they both use the Egyptian Calendar. Variations have been found, with additional Nubian Church material in them, albeit in fragmentary form. Some of these saints include:Abadios, a martyr of the Christian church. He was born at Bilgai in Egypt. He was a native soldier of the army who professed his faith in Jesus Christ during the reign of Diocletian at Khalakhis. He was martyred by being thrown into a rock. His feast day is on January 20.Abakuh, another martyr of the Christian church. He was born at Bamujeh in the Al Fayyum area of Egypt. He was a zealous Christian who was martyred for his Christianity with eight companions. His feast day is January 23.","extract_html":"\nJacobite Arab Synaxarium or Synaxaire Arabe-Jacobite is a volume containing biographies of several saints. It is used by the Syriac Orthodox Church. It was initially published in French in 1904, in the Patrologia Orientalis by René Basset. It is not to be confused with the Coptic Synaxarium, although some of the hagiographies appear to be identical and they both use the Egyptian Calendar. Variations have been found, with additional Nubian Church material in them, albeit in fragmentary form. Some of these saints include:
Marianne Cope, OSF, also known as Marianne of Molokaʻi, was a German-born American member of the Sisters of St. Francis of Syracuse. She was founding director of St. Joseph's Hospital in the city, among the first general hospitals in the country. In 1883, she led a group of six other sisters to the Kingdom of Hawaii to care for lepers in Molokaʻi and aid in developing the kingdom's medical infrastructure. Despite direct contact with patients over many years, Cope did not contract the disease. In 2005, she was beatified by Pope Benedict XVI. She was canonized in 2012.
","normalizedtitle":"Marianne Cope"}]},{"text":"Christian feast day:\nEmerentiana","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Emerentiana","displaytitle":"Emerentiana","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q2389729","titles":{"canonical":"Emerentiana","normalized":"Emerentiana","display":"Emerentiana"},"pageid":3918599,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/British_Museum_Emerentiana_stoned.jpg/330px-British_Museum_Emerentiana_stoned.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":248},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/British_Museum_Emerentiana_stoned.jpg/3840px-British_Museum_Emerentiana_stoned.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":4000,"height":3000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1360750800","tid":"f95ba443-6eee-11f1-8977-7c4e9c6cb143","timestamp":"2026-06-23T10:33:29Z","description":"Christian martyr","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerentiana","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerentiana?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerentiana?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Emerentiana"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerentiana","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Emerentiana","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerentiana?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Emerentiana"}},"extract":"Emerentiana was a Roman virgin and martyr, who lived around the start of the 4th century. Her feast day is 23 January.","extract_html":"Emerentiana was a Roman virgin and martyr, who lived around the start of the 4th century. Her feast day is 23 January.
","normalizedtitle":"Emerentiana"}]},{"text":"Christian feast day:\nEspousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Espousals_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary","displaytitle":"Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q5399157","titles":{"canonical":"Espousals_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary","normalized":"Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary","display":"Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary"},"pageid":30106619,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Provins_Saint-Quiriace_vitrail_435.jpg/330px-Provins_Saint-Quiriace_vitrail_435.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":353},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Provins_Saint-Quiriace_vitrail_435.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2286,"height":2445},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1359551167","tid":"40eb9bbe-6909-11f1-99dc-247002bf7a6d","timestamp":"2026-06-15T22:26:29Z","description":"Christian feast day","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espousals_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espousals_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espousals_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Espousals_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espousals_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Espousals_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espousals_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Espousals_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary"}},"extract":"The Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary or Marriage of the Virgin Mary is a Christian feast that is celebrated by certain communities within the Catholic Church, such as the Oblates of Saint Joseph. It was formerly generally observed on January 23, but was removed from many local calendars by the Sacred Congregation of Rites.","extract_html":"The Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary or Marriage of the Virgin Mary is a Christian feast that is celebrated by certain communities within the Catholic Church, such as the Oblates of Saint Joseph. It was formerly generally observed on January 23, but was removed from many local calendars by the Sacred Congregation of Rites.
","normalizedtitle":"Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary"}]},{"text":"Christian feast day:\nIldefonsus of Toledo","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Ildefonsus","displaytitle":"Ildefonsus","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q456069","titles":{"canonical":"Ildefonsus","normalized":"Ildefonsus","display":"Ildefonsus"},"pageid":3919813,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Ildefonso_de_Toledo_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ildefonso_de_Toledo_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":488},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Ildefonso_de_Toledo_%28cropped%29.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":709,"height":1049},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374270408","tid":"f5615496-ad6e-11f1-8d1c-5e7660ff3e45","timestamp":"2026-09-10T23:25:50Z","description":"Spanish scholar, theologian and bishop","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonsus","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonsus?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonsus?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ildefonsus"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonsus","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Ildefonsus","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ildefonsus?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Ildefonsus"}},"extract":"Ildefonsus or Ildephonsus was a scholar and theologian who served as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Toledo for the last decade of his life. His Gothic name was Hildefuns. In the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church he is known as Dexius based on the Ge'ez translation of legends about his life.","extract_html":"Ildefonsus or Ildephonsus was a scholar and theologian who served as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Toledo for the last decade of his life. His Gothic name was Hildefuns. In the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church he is known as Dexius based on the Ge'ez translation of legends about his life.
","normalizedtitle":"Ildefonsus"}]},{"text":"Christian feast day:\nPhillips Brooks (Episcopal Church (USA))","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Phillips_Brooks","displaytitle":"Phillips Brooks","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q974734","titles":{"canonical":"Phillips_Brooks","normalized":"Phillips Brooks","display":"Phillips Brooks"},"pageid":1165480,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Phillips_Brooks.jpg/330px-Phillips_Brooks.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":470},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Phillips_Brooks.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1203,"height":1714},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1360056026","tid":"e56e1890-6b6d-11f1-87c4-6ba80e62644f","timestamp":"2026-06-18T23:31:57Z","description":"American clergyman and author","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_Brooks","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_Brooks?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_Brooks?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Phillips_Brooks"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_Brooks","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Phillips_Brooks","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillips_Brooks?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Phillips_Brooks"}},"extract":"Phillips Brooks was an American Episcopal clergyman and author, long the rector of Boston's Trinity Church and briefly Bishop of Massachusetts. One of the most popular preachers of the Gilded Age, he worked to make the Christian Church more relevant to contemporaries. Among his other accomplishments, he wrote the lyrics of the Christmas hymn \"O Little Town of Bethlehem\".","extract_html":"Phillips Brooks was an American Episcopal clergyman and author, long the rector of Boston's Trinity Church and briefly Bishop of Massachusetts. One of the most popular preachers of the Gilded Age, he worked to make the Christian Church more relevant to contemporaries. Among his other accomplishments, he wrote the lyrics of the Christmas hymn \"O Little Town of Bethlehem\".
","normalizedtitle":"Phillips Brooks"},{"type":"standard","title":"Episcopal_Church_(United_States)","displaytitle":"Episcopal Church (United States)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q682443","titles":{"canonical":"Episcopal_Church_(United_States)","normalized":"Episcopal Church (United States)","display":"Episcopal Church (United States)"},"pageid":19280748,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Episcopal_Shield.svg/330px-Episcopal_Shield.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":413},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Episcopal_Shield.svg/960px-Episcopal_Shield.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":512,"height":641},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373710315","tid":"473281e4-aac4-11f1-a7ac-8356d174e8c8","timestamp":"2026-09-07T13:59:01Z","description":"Anglican denomination","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Episcopal_Church_(United_States)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Episcopal_Church_(United_States)"}},"extract":"The Episcopal Church (TEC), also known as the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America (PECUSA), is a member of the worldwide Anglican Communion, based in the United States. It is a Mainline Protestant denomination and divided into nine provinces. The presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church is Sean W. Rowe.","extract_html":"The Episcopal Church (TEC), also known as the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America (PECUSA), is a member of the worldwide Anglican Communion, based in the United States. It is a Mainline Protestant denomination and divided into nine provinces. The presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church is Sean W. Rowe.
","normalizedtitle":"Episcopal Church (United States)"}]},{"text":"Christian feast day:\nJanuary 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"January_23_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)","displaytitle":"January 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q6155833","titles":{"canonical":"January_23_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)","normalized":"January 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)","display":"January 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)"},"pageid":3848678,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/East-Ortho-cross.svg/330px-East-Ortho-cross.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":519},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/East-Ortho-cross.svg/1280px-East-Ortho-cross.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":1000,"height":1574},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374084564","tid":"0c297eea-ac81-11f1-b463-1f8ec150b3e3","timestamp":"2026-09-09T19:02:48Z","description":"Day in the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_23_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_23_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_23_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:January_23_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_23_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/January_23_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_23_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:January_23_(Eastern_Orthodox_liturgics)"}},"extract":"January 23 in Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendars is a feast day and a day of commemoration of saints and martyrs. Although some Orthodox churches use the Revised Julian Calendar and others use the traditional Julian calendar, the fixed commemorations for their respective January 23 are broadly the same, no matter which calendar is used.","extract_html":"January 23 in Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendars is a feast day and a day of commemoration of saints and martyrs. Although some Orthodox churches use the Revised Julian Calendar and others use the traditional Julian calendar, the fixed commemorations for their respective January 23 are broadly the same, no matter which calendar is used.
","normalizedtitle":"January 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)"}]},{"text":"Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose's Jayanti (Assam, Orissa, Tripura, and West Bengal, India)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"Netaji_Jayanti","displaytitle":"Netaji Jayanti","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q104920297","titles":{"canonical":"Netaji_Jayanti","normalized":"Netaji Jayanti","display":"Netaji Jayanti"},"pageid":65724904,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Subhas_Chandra_Bose_NRB.jpg/330px-Subhas_Chandra_Bose_NRB.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":440},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Subhas_Chandra_Bose_NRB.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":1135,"height":1513},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1370446251","tid":"5076ce00-9d16-11f1-9a56-87bfd5dad6ca","timestamp":"2026-08-21T04:10:59Z","description":"Birth anniversary of the prominent Indian freedom fighter Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netaji_Jayanti","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netaji_Jayanti?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netaji_Jayanti?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Netaji_Jayanti"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netaji_Jayanti","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Netaji_Jayanti","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netaji_Jayanti?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Netaji_Jayanti"}},"extract":"Netaji Jayanti or Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti, officially known as Parakram Diwas or Parakram Divas, is a national event celebrated in India to mark the birthday of the prominent Indian freedom fighter Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. It is celebrated annually on 23 January. He played a pivotal role in Indian independence movement. He was the head of Indian National Army, . He was the founder-head of the Azad Hind Government.","extract_html":"Netaji Jayanti or Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti, officially known as Parakram Diwas or Parakram Divas, is a national event celebrated in India to mark the birthday of the prominent Indian freedom fighter Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. It is celebrated annually on 23 January. He played a pivotal role in Indian independence movement. He was the head of Indian National Army, . He was the founder-head of the Azad Hind Government.
","normalizedtitle":"Netaji Jayanti"},{"type":"standard","title":"Assam","displaytitle":"Assam","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1164","titles":{"canonical":"Assam","normalized":"Assam","display":"Assam"},"pageid":186162,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Beauty_of_Kaziranga_National_Park.jpg/330px-Beauty_of_Kaziranga_National_Park.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Beauty_of_Kaziranga_National_Park.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":3000,"height":2000},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373676216","tid":"fbfb7c22-aa89-11f1-ba91-5e7ede2abc1d","timestamp":"2026-09-07T07:01:44Z","description":"State in Northeast India","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":26.14,"lon":91.77},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Assam"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Assam","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Assam"}},"extract":"Assam is a state in Northeast India, located south of the Eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra Valley and Barak River valleys. It covers an area of 78,438 km2 (30,285 sq mi), and is the second largest state in northeastern India by area. As per the 2011 census, the state had a population of 31.2 million, and is the largest by population in the region. It shares international borders with Bhutan to the north and with Bangladesh to the southwest. It borders the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur to the east; Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram to the south; and West Bengal to the west. It is connected to the rest of the India to the west via the Siliguri Corridor(also known as the chicken neck), a 22 km (14 mi) wide strip of land. Dispur is the capital of Assam while Dibrugarh is the second capital. Guwahati is the largest city and urban area in the state.","extract_html":"Assam is a state in Northeast India, located south of the Eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra Valley and Barak River valleys. It covers an area of 78,438 km2 (30,285 sq mi), and is the second largest state in northeastern India by area. As per the 2011 census, the state had a population of 31.2 million, and is the largest by population in the region. It shares international borders with Bhutan to the north and with Bangladesh to the southwest. It borders the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur to the east; Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram to the south; and West Bengal to the west. It is connected to the rest of the India to the west via the Siliguri Corridor(also known as the chicken neck), a 22 km (14 mi) wide strip of land. Dispur is the capital of Assam while Dibrugarh is the second capital. Guwahati is the largest city and urban area in the state.
","normalizedtitle":"Assam"},{"type":"standard","title":"Odisha","displaytitle":"Odisha","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q22048","titles":{"canonical":"Odisha","normalized":"Odisha","display":"Odisha"},"pageid":250724,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Brahmeswar_Temple%2C_Bhubaneswar.JPG/330px-Brahmeswar_Temple%2C_Bhubaneswar.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":245},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Brahmeswar_Temple%2C_Bhubaneswar.JPG?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":2027,"height":1503},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1369454232","tid":"160dbb08-9850-11f1-a68e-933312598acd","timestamp":"2026-08-15T02:21:56Z","description":"State in Eastern India","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":20.27,"lon":85.82},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Odisha"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Odisha","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odisha?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Odisha"}},"extract":"Odisha, spelled Orissa until 2011, is a state located in eastern India. It is the eighth-largest state by area, and the eleventh-largest by population, with over 41 million inhabitants. The state also has the third-largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India. It neighbours the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south. Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometres (301 mi) along the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean. The region is also known as Utkaḷa and is mentioned by this name in India's national anthem, Jana Gana Mana.","extract_html":"Odisha, spelled Orissa until 2011, is a state located in eastern India. It is the eighth-largest state by area, and the eleventh-largest by population, with over 41 million inhabitants. The state also has the third-largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India. It neighbours the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south. Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometres (301 mi) along the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean. The region is also known as Utkaḷa and is mentioned by this name in India's national anthem, Jana Gana Mana.
","normalizedtitle":"Odisha"},{"type":"standard","title":"Tripura","displaytitle":"Tripura","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1363","titles":{"canonical":"Tripura","normalized":"Tripura","display":"Tripura"},"pageid":319196,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ujjayanta_palace_Tripura_State_Museum_Agartala_India.jpg/330px-Ujjayanta_palace_Tripura_State_Museum_Agartala_India.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":233},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ujjayanta_palace_Tripura_State_Museum_Agartala_India.jpg/3840px-Ujjayanta_palace_Tripura_State_Museum_Agartala_India.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":5602,"height":3955},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1368327514","tid":"fd1c8001-931e-11f1-830d-f15de30e8c89","timestamp":"2026-08-08T11:47:53Z","description":"State in northeastern India","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":23.84,"lon":91.28},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripura","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripura?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripura?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tripura"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripura","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Tripura","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripura?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Tripura"}},"extract":"Tripura is a state in northeastern India. The third-smallest state in the country, it covers 10,491 km2 (4,051 sq mi); and the seventh-least populous state with a population of 3.67 million. It is bordered by Assam and Mizoram to the east, and by Bangladesh to the north, south and west. Tripura is divided into eight districts and 23 sub-divisions, where Agartala is the capital and the largest city in the state. Tripura has 19 different tribal communities with a majority Bengali population. Bengali, Kokborok, and English are the state's official languages.","extract_html":"Tripura is a state in northeastern India. The third-smallest state in the country, it covers 10,491 km2 (4,051 sq mi); and the seventh-least populous state with a population of 3.67 million. It is bordered by Assam and Mizoram to the east, and by Bangladesh to the north, south and west. Tripura is divided into eight districts and 23 sub-divisions, where Agartala is the capital and the largest city in the state. Tripura has 19 different tribal communities with a majority Bengali population. Bengali, Kokborok, and English are the state's official languages.
","normalizedtitle":"Tripura"},{"type":"standard","title":"West_Bengal","displaytitle":"West Bengal","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q1356","titles":{"canonical":"West_Bengal","normalized":"West Bengal","display":"West Bengal"},"pageid":34040,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Howrah_bridge_betwixt_Lights.jpg/330px-Howrah_bridge_betwixt_Lights.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":168},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Howrah_bridge_betwixt_Lights.jpg/3840px-Howrah_bridge_betwixt_Lights.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":3888,"height":1975},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1374355286","tid":"f5ec0046-adeb-11f1-b8dc-bca9d1cb7505","timestamp":"2026-09-11T14:20:38Z","description":"State in eastern India","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":22.57,"lon":88.37},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:West_Bengal"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/West_Bengal","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:West_Bengal"}},"extract":"West Bengal is a state in the eastern part of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal. In 2011, its population was around 91 million in an area of 88,752 km2 (34,267 sq mi), while the population estimate as of 2026 is 100.6 million. West Bengal is the fourth-most populous and thirteenth-largest state by area in India, as well as the eighth-most populous country subdivision of the world. As a part of the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, it borders Bangladesh in the east, and Nepal and Bhutan in the north. It also borders the Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, Sikkim and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata, the third-largest metropolis, and seventh largest city by population in India. West Bengal includes the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region, the Ganges delta, the Rarh region, the coastal Sundarbans and the Bay of Bengal. The state's main ethnic group are the Bengalis.","extract_html":"West Bengal is a state in the eastern part of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal. In 2011, its population was around 91 million in an area of 88,752 km2 (34,267 sq mi), while the population estimate as of 2026 is 100.6 million. West Bengal is the fourth-most populous and thirteenth-largest state by area in India, as well as the eighth-most populous country subdivision of the world. As a part of the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent, it borders Bangladesh in the east, and Nepal and Bhutan in the north. It also borders the Indian states of Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, Sikkim and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata, the third-largest metropolis, and seventh largest city by population in India. West Bengal includes the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region, the Ganges delta, the Rarh region, the coastal Sundarbans and the Bay of Bengal. The state's main ethnic group are the Bengalis.
","normalizedtitle":"West Bengal"}]},{"text":"World Freedom Day (Taiwan and South Korea)","pages":[{"type":"standard","title":"World_League_for_Freedom_and_Democracy","displaytitle":"World League for Freedom and Democracy","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q698234","titles":{"canonical":"World_League_for_Freedom_and_Democracy","normalized":"World League for Freedom and Democracy","display":"World League for Freedom and Democracy"},"pageid":1265592,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8a/World_League_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_logo.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":294,"height":261},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8a/World_League_for_Freedom_and_Democracy_logo.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail_unscaled","width":294,"height":261},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1361136202","tid":"9df10769-70e0-11f1-9251-a6142a9d674a","timestamp":"2026-06-25T21:55:45Z","description":"Non-governmental organization of anti-communists","description_source":"local","content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_League_for_Freedom_and_Democracy","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_League_for_Freedom_and_Democracy?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_League_for_Freedom_and_Democracy?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:World_League_for_Freedom_and_Democracy"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_League_for_Freedom_and_Democracy","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/World_League_for_Freedom_and_Democracy","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_League_for_Freedom_and_Democracy?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:World_League_for_Freedom_and_Democracy"}},"extract":"The World League for Freedom and Democracy (WLFD) is an international non-governmental organization of anti-communist politicians and groups. It was founded in 1954 as the Asian Peoples' Anti-Communist League (APACL) under the initiative of Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Republic of China and retired General Charles A. Willoughby and established by Ku Cheng-kang. During the Cold War, WACL actively participated in anti-communist and anti-Soviet positions.","extract_html":"The World League for Freedom and Democracy (WLFD) is an international non-governmental organization of anti-communist politicians and groups. It was founded in 1954 as the Asian Peoples' Anti-Communist League (APACL) under the initiative of Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Republic of China and retired General Charles A. Willoughby and established by Ku Cheng-kang. During the Cold War, WACL actively participated in anti-communist and anti-Soviet positions.
","normalizedtitle":"World League for Freedom and Democracy"},{"type":"standard","title":"Taiwan","displaytitle":"Taiwan","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q865","titles":{"canonical":"Taiwan","normalized":"Taiwan","display":"Taiwan"},"pageid":25734,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/960px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":900,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373030398","tid":"dedb5eaa-a7b6-11f1-93fc-26aaf132d556","timestamp":"2026-09-03T16:45:29Z","description":"Country in East Asia","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":24,"lon":121},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Taiwan"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Taiwan","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Taiwan"}},"extract":"Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa, lies between the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. It has an area of 35,808 square kilometers, with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanized population is concentrated. The combined territories under ROC control consist of 168 islands in total covering 36,193 square kilometers. The largest metropolitan area is formed by Taipei, New Taipei City, and Keelung. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries.","extract_html":"Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa, lies between the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. It has an area of 35,808 square kilometers, with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanized population is concentrated. The combined territories under ROC control consist of 168 islands in total covering 36,193 square kilometers. The largest metropolitan area is formed by Taipei, New Taipei City, and Keelung. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries.
","normalizedtitle":"Taiwan"},{"type":"standard","title":"South_Korea","displaytitle":"South Korea","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q884","titles":{"canonical":"South_Korea","normalized":"South Korea","display":"South Korea"},"pageid":27019,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/330px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":330,"height":220},"originalimage":{"source":"https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/960px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=api&utm_content=thumbnail","width":900,"height":600},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1373978251","tid":"80b7db8c-abf7-11f1-942c-75284fbbbcc6","timestamp":"2026-09-09T02:38:13Z","description":"Country in East Asia","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":36,"lon":128},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:South_Korea"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/South_Korea","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:South_Korea"}},"extract":"South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and the Sea of Japan to the east. South Korea claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. It has a population of about 52 million, of which half live in the Seoul metropolitan area, the ninth most populous metropolitan area in the world, with other major cities being Busan, Daegu, and Incheon.","extract_html":"South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a country in East Asia. It constitutes the southern half of the Korean Peninsula and borders North Korea along the Korean Demilitarized Zone, with the Yellow Sea to the west and the Sea of Japan to the east. South Korea claims to be the sole legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. It has a population of about 52 million, of which half live in the Seoul metropolitan area, the ninth most populous metropolitan area in the world, with other major cities being Busan, Daegu, and Incheon.
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